学习汉语的最好方法是什么?
What is the best way to learn Chinese?
译文简介
网友：学习中文，注意逻辑，理解文字。
汉语是一种逻辑性很强的语言，所以你可以找到它，使用它，你可以预测/猜测文字的意思，而不是记住它。
正文翻译
What is the best way to learn Chinese?
学习汉语的最好方法是什么?
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Learn Character, notice the logic, understand words.
Chinese is a kind of language with strong logic, so you can find it, use it, you can predict/guess the meaning of a word, rather than remembering it.
There is one thing you should know, in fact:
Chinese character = English word.
Chinese word = English phrase.
That explains why Chinese have so many characters. Just like, Why English have so many words?
What you learned, what you are trying to remember, those Chinese “words”, are actually Chinese “phrases”.
学习中文，注意逻辑，理解文字。
汉语是一种逻辑性很强的语言，所以你可以找到它，使用它，你可以预测/猜测文字的意思，而不是记住它。
事实上，有一件事你应该知道:
汉字=英语单词。
汉语词语=英语短语。
这就解释了为什么中文有这么多的文字；就像，为什么英语有这么多单词?
你学过的，你想记住的，那些汉语“文字”，实际上是汉语的“短语”。
Hello in Chinese — 你好.
你 = you, 好 = good.
你好 in Chinese literally means “(wish) you good!” that’s a friendly way for greeting, right?
Take this as an example:
Do you know what is “Geriatrics”? It's a word… when you see it at the first time, it’s difficult to guess the meaning.
But do you know what is “Artificial Intelligence”? You can guess what it is about, even you never see it before.
For most Chinese “words”, they are just like “Artificial Intelligence” in this example. By knowing the meaning of each character, you can easily predict the meaning of the word.
“Hello”的中文意思：你好。
you：你，good：好。
“你好”在中文中的字面意思是“祝你好运!”，这是一种友好的问候方式，对吧?
我想说，短语更容易学。
举个例子:
你知道什么是“老年病学（Geriatrics）”吗?这是一个单词，当你第一次看到它的时候，很难猜出它的意思。
但是你知道什么是“人工智能”吗?即使你从未见过，你也能猜到它是关于什么的。
对于大多数中文“字”来说，它们就像这个例子中的“人工智能”一样。通过了解每个文字的意思，你可以很容易地预测意思。
薯 = potato. 片 = chip (describe the shape).
so 薯片 = potato chips….
if I tell you 条 = bar (long shape).
guess what 薯条 means? … French Fries.
Even more. by knowing 眼镜 = glasses, guess what 眼镜片 means?
(By the way, 眼 = eye, 镜 = scope/mirror. that’s why 眼镜(eye scope) = glasses.)
薯 ： potato 片： chip（描述形状）。
所以薯片 = potato chips
如果我告诉你“条 ”= bar（长方形）。
你猜“薯条 ”怎么说，你是对的：French Fries。
甚至可以举出更多例子。通过了解眼镜 = glasses，你猜“眼镜片”怎么说？
嗯…意思是眼镜的镜片（lens of glasses）。不就是炸薯片的形状吗？
顺便说一句眼 = eye；镜 = scope/mirror。这就是为什么眼镜（eye scope）=glasses。）
So you can make up more words… since 眼 = eye, by knowing 界 = field/border. 眼界 in Chinese means horizon (view sight).
Since 界 = field/border, and 世 = sub-celestial, 世界 = world.
Since 界 = field/border, and 边 = edge， 边界 = border.
Since 界 = field/border, and 国 = nation, 国界 = national boundaries.
I don’t know how you learn Chinese. But if you never try to focus on the meaning of each Character, never try to guess the meaning of a word, I would suggest you try it.
所以你可以编更多的文字……因为眼 = eye,，通过知道界= field/border。眼界的中文意思是地平线(视野)。
因为界= field/border，以及世 = sub-celestial，世界 = world
因为界= field/border，以及边 = edge，边界 = border
因为界= field/border，以及国 = natio，国界 = national boundaries。
几乎所有的中文文字都可以这样解释，例子不胜枚举，我就讲到这里。
我不知道你是怎么学中文的。但是，如果你从不试着关注每个文字的含义，从不试着猜测一个文字的含义，我建议你尝试一下。
2. Notice the important part of the character. (偏旁部首)
Like I said, Chinese characters = English words. In words, we have root affixes, So in Character, we have 偏旁。
what is 偏旁？偏 = not center, 旁 = side. So 偏旁 is some part of the character. In Chinese, many characters have same partial element, and such parts indicate the meaning of the character.
注意文字的重要部分：偏旁部首
就像我说的，汉字=英语单词。在单词中，我们有词根词缀，所以在文字中，我们有偏旁。
偏旁是什么东东？偏= not center, 旁 = side；所以偏旁是汉字的一部分，在汉语中，许多汉字都有相同的部分，这些部分表明了汉字的意思。
草, 茶, 苹, 花, 芽, 药, 菜, 莓 and so on. They all have a ‘艹’ on the top, right?
艹 means grass/plants. So Most of the characters with a ‘艹’ on the top, they are very likely to describe something related to grass/plants.
In this example, 草 = grass, 茶 = tea, 苹果 = apple fruit, 花 = flower, 芽 = sprout, 药 = herbs(medicine), 菜 = vegetables, 莓 = berry.
And what’s more, 莲, 菊, 葵, 萝… Have you seen these characters before? Maybe not, but now you can guess they may related to some plants.
Actually, 莲 = lotus, 菊 = Chrysanthemum, 葵 = Sunflower, 萝卜 = carrot.
As for these — 荇, 茝……honestly, most Chinese people don’t know the specific meaning of these characters, either. But by seeing the ‘艹’ on the top, they can safely guess: it’s… some kind of plants, maybe?
例如:
草、茶、苹、花、芽、药、菜、莓等等,它们上面都有一个"艹"，对吧?
艹是指草/植物。所以大多数汉字的顶部有“艹”的字符，它们很可能描述与草/植物有关的东西。
在这个例子中，草 = grass, 茶 = tea, 苹果 = apple fruit, 花 = flower, 芽 = sprout, 药 = herbs(medicine), 菜 = vegetables, 莓 = berry.
更重要的是，莲，菊，葵，萝……你以前见过这些汉字吗?也许没有，但现在你可以猜到它们可能与一些植物有关。
实际上，莲 = lotus, 菊 = Chrysanthemum, 葵 = Sunflower, 萝卜 = carrot.
至于这些-荇，茝......老实说，大多数中国人也不知道这些汉字的具体含义。但通过看到顶部的“艹”，他们可以有把握地猜测:这也许是某种植物?
松, 杨, 柳, 桐, 桃, 椰……they all have a “木” on the side. 木 = wood. So here is the answer —
松 = Pine
杨 = Poplar
柳 = willow
桐 = parasol
桃 = peach
椰 = coconut
actually, characters with “木” are likely to describe things related to trees. Maybe a tree’s name, or some parts of a tree (such as 根=root).
To notice the 偏旁 is a good way to guess the meaning of a character, Though there are exceptions, it doesn’t matter, since the law is already very obvious and useful.
另一个例子
松、杨、柳、桐、桃,椰……它们都有一个“木”。木=木材；这就是答案
松 = Pine
杨 = Poplar
柳 = willow
桐 = parasol
桃 = peach
椰 = coconut
它们都是不同种类的树。这很简单，对吧?其实我觉得要记住松、杨、柳所有的汉字都很难，根本没有模式，你是怎么做到的?
实际上，带有“木”的汉字很可能描述与树有关的事物。可能是树的名称，或者树的某些部分(例如根=root)。
注意偏旁是猜测汉字含义的好方法，尽管有例外，但没关系，因为该定律已经非常明显和有用了。
Ruyi Hua (华如意)
First of all, don’t worry too much. Take it easy.
For example, a lot of foreigners worry too much about learning 5,000 characters.
Well, you really don’t need to learn each and every character. It’s true that most Chinese people know about 4,000-5,000 characters. However, with 1,000 characters you can get a very high level of fluency in Chinese. No need to worry about 5,000 characters. You can start with most frequently used 100 characters and learn related words and idioms.
Learn like Chinese kids. Even before they can write 10-20 characters, they are already very good at speaking and listening.
Writing – don’t worry about writing Chinese. You should first improve listening and speaking. Then reading. Writing will follow.
Pinyin (拼音) is very important. Learn ASAP.
中文老师来了！让我分享一些简单的技巧来精简你的普通话学习。
首先，不要太担心，别紧张。
例如，许多外国人过于担心学习5000个汉字的学习量。
嗯，你真的不需要学习每一个汉字。的确，大多数中国人知道大约4000-5000个字符。然而，掌握1000个汉字，你汉语流就能讲得非常流利了。不用担心5000个汉字的，你可以从最常用的100个字开始，再学习相关的词语和习语。
像中国孩子一样学习，他们甚至在能写10-20个字之前，就已经非常擅长说和听了。
写作——不用担心写中文的。你应该首先提高听说能力，然后提升阅读能力，接下来是提升写作能力。
拼音非常重要，尽快学习它。
Learn real and functional Chinese. You should focus on learning what’s really helpful in real life. For example, how to use Chinese navigation software Baidu (百度) or Gaode (高德), how to order food in China (外卖/堂食), how to book bus or train tickets (订票/买票).
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Don’t stress. Keep calm and learn Chinese. You can do it!
学习真实实用的汉语。你应该专注于学习在现实生活中真正有用的东西。例如，如何使用中文导航软件百度或高德, 如何在中国点餐(外卖/堂食), 如何预订公共汽车票或火车票(订票/买票).
搬到中国去，在中国学习汉语。这将是一次很棒的经历，我在之前的博客中分享了一些合适的中国城市。
不要紧张。保持冷静，你可以学会汉语的！
Lots of good answers here, but they are very much limited to personal experience. While some will work and some not, the question was "what is the best way to learn Chinese".
I think that there is not enough emphasis on finding good teaching. Especially teaching methods for understanding the very building blocks of the language, which is the most important place to start. With a confident grasp over the foundations of Mandarin Chinese, learning the language becomes a rewarding and fun experience!
Short Answer:
Find the best method that makes you excited to learn.
这里有很多好的答案，但它们在很大程度上仅限于个人经验。虽然有些有效，有些无效，但问题是“学习汉语的最佳方式是什么”。
我认为对寻找好的教学没有足够的重视，尤其是理解语言的基本组成部分的教学方法，语言的基本组成部分是最重要的起点。自信地掌握普通话的基础，学习语言将成为一种有益而有趣的经历!
简短回答：
找到让激起你学习汉语的最佳方法。
Conventional teaching gives you study material, that you need to "study" with the guidance of a teacher. This implies that the student should work hard to understand and memorise the language.
But what if I told you that things should be the other way around. That it is the work of the teacher to make you not only understand but also memorise the language. If this sounds crazy to you, it simply demonstrates the failure of our educational system.
A modern teaching method (luckily they do exist!) will explain the language well enough to give you the control over the language, simply by listening to the teaching in a relaxed environment.
The learning happens when you understand the language, and can construct totally new sentences by yourself. And when you understand something, you will automatically remember it. I believe that this is the best way to make learning Chinese an exciting process.
冗长的回答：
传统的教学是给你学习材料，你需要在老师的指导下“学习”。这意味着学生应该努力理解和记忆语言。
但如果我告诉你事情应该反过来呢?老师的工作是让你不仅理解而且记住语言。如果你觉得这听起来很疯狂，这只是证明了我们教育系统的失败。
一种现代的教学方法(幸运的是它们确实存在!)可以很好地解释语言，让你控制语言，只需在轻松的环境中听讲。
当你理解了一门语言，并能自己构建全新的句子时，学习就开始了。当你理解了一些东西，你就会自动记住它。我相信这是使学习汉语成为一个令人兴奋的过程的最好方法。
Understanding is the responsibility of the teacher
When you understand something you automatically remember it
Real language learning is rewarding right from the beginning
Everything starts from a confident grasp of the basics of Chinese
I hope this helps to take the first step to finding your own best way of learning Chinese! It's a thrilling ride and if you're not enjoying it, you must be doing something wrong.
总结:
理解是教师的责任
当你理解某事时，你会自动记住它
真正的语言学习从一开始就是值得的。
一切从自信地掌握汉语基础开始
我希望这能帮助你迈出第一步，找到自己最好的学习中文的方法!这是一次惊心动魄的旅程，如果你不喜欢，那一定是你做错了什么。
Short Answer: Find a Westerners in a similar life situation as yours who learned Chinese to the level of proficiency you desire and ask their advice. Most likely you'll discover that they best (and perhaps only) way to learn a language is to use it.
Long Answer…
I asked this Quora question when I arrived in China and was struggling to learn Chinese. I've recently turned the corner and can now have day-to-day life conversations with Chinese people. Although I'm nowhere near the level of proficiency I desire, I have found a process that is working for me and feel bit more qualified to answer my own question.
I moved to China in the Spring of 2012. It was a hard landing for me, much harder than I expected. In America I spent about 6 months studying part time with software products like Memrise, Chinesepod, and Anki flashcards as well periodic lessons with 1-1 tutors. I continued this practice in China, and by May of 2012 I was intensely frustrated with my progress. Chinese people had a hard time understanding even basic words I was saying and I understand almost nothing of what I heard. Fortunately my hours using Memrise had given me a good grasp of pinyin and knowledge of about 1,000 characters, so at least I could use SMS to communicate as a last resort. But overall I realized that if I didn't find a better approach to start rapidly improving I was on the road to becoming another Westerner who tried to learn and gave up.
简短回答：找一个和你有相似生活状况的西方人，他们学中文的熟练程度达到了你想要的水平，并征求他们的意见。最有可能的是，你会发现学习一门语言的最好(也许是唯一)方法就是使用它。
冗长的回答：
当我来到中国并努力学习中文时，我问了Quora这个问题。我最近有了转机，现在可以和中国人进行日常生活对话了。虽然我还没有达到我所期望的熟练程度，但我已经找到了一个适合我的过程，我觉得自己更有资格回答自己的问题。
我在2012年春天搬到中国。这对我来说是一次硬着陆，比我想象的难多了。在美国，我花了大约6个月的业余时间学习Memrise、Chinesepod和Anki抽听卡等软件产品，并定期与1-1导师一起学习。我在中国继续这种做法，到2012年5月，我对自己的进步感到非常沮丧。中国人甚至很难理解我所说的基本词汇，而我几乎听不懂我所听到的。幸运的是，使用Memrise的几个小时让我很好地掌握了拼音，认识了大约1000个汉字，所以至少我可以用短信作为最后的手段进行交流。但总的来说，我意识到，如果我没有找到一个更好的方法来开始快速提高汉语水平，我就会成为另一个试图学习却放弃的西方人。
I met a lot of Westerners who started working when the first arrived in China, took few hours each week of lessons, and never really got to the point where they could use Chinese as well as I can now. I commonly hear the regret, "I wish I had first focused on Chinese when I arrived."
Every Westerner I met who was "fluent" (1) spent at least several months studying Chinese full time, and (2) spent massive amounts of time speaking 1-1 with native Chinese people.
Of course this doesn't mean that software products, classrooms, and studying part time don't help - I just didn't meet anyone who had used them successfully.
出于极度的沮丧，我开始向Daniel Tedesco(见他的回答)等人寻求建议。我请Benny Lewis(3个月流利的说汉语)吃饭，听取了他的建议。我对各种各样的观点感到震惊，有些人持强烈的观点。有些建议很有帮助，有些建议(比如“找个中国女朋友”)对我的幸福婚姻而言是毫无用处的。
我遇到了很多西方人，他们刚到中国时就开始工作，每周上几个小时的课，但从来没有真正达到他们能像我现在那样使用汉语的程度。我经常听到这样的遗憾：“我希望我来的时候能先专注于中文。”
我遇到的每一个能流利地说汉语的西方人：1、都至少花了几个月的时间全职学习汉语；2、花了大量时间与土生土长的中国人进行1-1的交谈。
当然，这并不意味着软件产品、教室和兼职学习没有帮助——我只是没有遇到通过使用它们而学会汉语的人。
I increased my 1-1 time with Chinese teachers from ~8 hours/week to ~25. I found two great teachers（one from a school in Beijing http://www.livethelanguage.cn/, one referred by another American expat) and worked with them 1-1 for 3-6 hours per day, 7 days/week. These 3-hour sessions were exhausting at times.
Outside of class I got stacks of spoken Chinese textbooks with MP3 recorders. I spent hour after hour listening to MP3s, reading dialogs, and asking my teachers for help whenever I didn't understand a word or grammar. Whenever I could listed to the MP3 at full speed and read and understand the entire dialog I would move on, never going back, always moving on to the next dialog.
No flashcards, no textbook exercises (unless part of speaking with my teachers).
因此，在六月初，我决定给自己一个3个月的最后期限，要么达到基本效率，要么放弃。我不再参加在北京的会议，也不再从事任何其他项目，而是全身心投入，每周7天学习中文。
我与中国老师相处的时间从每周约8小时增加到了约25小时。我找了两位很棒的老师（一位来自北京的一所学校http://www.livethelanguage.cn/，一名由另一名美国外籍人士介绍），并与他们一起1-1学习，每天3-6小时，每周7天。这3个小时的训练有时会让人筋疲力尽。
课外，我有一堆带MP3录音机的汉语口语课本。我一个小时又一个小时地听MP3，阅读对话，每当我不懂一个汉字或语法时，我都会向老师寻求帮助。只要我能全速播放MP3，阅读并理解整个对话，我就会继续前进，从不回头，总是继续下一个对话。
没有抽认卡，没有课本练习(除非是和老师交谈的一部分)。
I started watching episodes of 喜羊羊与灰太狼 per Daniel's advice. I could not (and still can't) follow the dialog at full speed, so my teacher would transcribe the dialog for me and I would study it as well. With my teacher I would explain the entire episode to her, ask questions, and attempt to use the new words and grammar from the episode. When I could watch it at full speed and understand everything I would move on. Sometimes I would have to see the same word multiple times before getting it.
我开始按照丹尼尔的建议，看几集《喜羊羊与灰太狼 》。我不能(现在仍然不能)全速跟上对话，所以我的老师会把对话转录给我，我也会研究它。和我的老师一起，我会向她解释整个情节，问问题，并尝试使用情节中的新汉字和语法。当我可以全速观看并理解所有内容时，我会继续前进。有时候，我不得不多次看到同一个汉字才能理解它。
我每天都在寻找说汉语的机会。在去理发/买东西/去餐馆之前，我会写下关于我计划做什么的虚拟对话，然后我会阅读并与老师讨论。然后我会出去，在野外使用这种语言，犯错误，磕磕绊绊。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
And...it worked. By the end August, my 3 month deadline, I was able to carry out basic life conversations.
I still plan on working 1-1 with teachers a few hours a day, reading Chinese, and writing at every opportunity.
In retrospect, my advice is…
1. If life allows it, dedicate 6 months, full time, 24x7 to studying and using Chinese when you arrive in China.
2. Find a way to spend 20-30 hours/week in one-on-one dialog with native speakers. Professional teachers are the best if you can afford it ($5-$20 USD/hour) but you can also get students and tutors if necessary.
3. Be patient, be determined. It is so hard but it gets better.
我试着(不总是成功)不使用英语。如果我休息一个晚上，看一个英语电视节目或与朋友说英语，我发现第二天的课特别难。回想起来，我的进步发生在我学习中文的时候，而且很长一段时间都没有出来。但这非常困难，很多时候我只想放弃。
它奏效了，到8月底，也就是我3个月的最后期限，我已经能够进行基本的生活对话了。
我仍然计划每天与老师们一起学习几个小时，阅读中文，抓住每一个机会写作。
回想起来，我的建议是：
1、如果生活允许，当你到达中国时，花6个月的时间，全天，24小时学习和使用中文。
2、每周花20-30个小时与母语人士进行一对一的对话。如果你负担得起的话，专业老师是最好的(5- 20美元/小时)，但如果有必要，你也可以请学生和导师。
3、要有耐心，要有决心。这很难，但它会变得更好。