以色列人对德国人有怨恨吗（一）

Jonathan Kurtzman
The Germans I have known in the US, like tenants here for school, have known more about the Holocaust than Americans. They aren’t their grandparents.

我在美国认识的德国人，比如在这里上学的租户，对大屠杀了解比美国人更多。 他们不是他们的祖父母。

Jan Andres
The Holocaust is certainly the single most important subject in history education at German schools, because those who do not know their own history are doomed to repeat it.
My own high school history teacher was from a generation that witnessed the Nazi regime with their own eyes when they were young. He was not well liked among the students due to his strictness, but he was probably one of the greatest and most authentic teachers I've ever had.
During history lessons, he sometimes talked about his own childhood experiences being a privileged boy of German ancestry in a place on the eastern outskirts of Germany in what is now part of Poland. He talked about Polish boys in his class getting slapped with a cane for things he himself could easily get away with. We could see tears swelling in his eyes when he talked of these things.
He sometimes referred to, well let's name him, Hitler, as “that man whose name shouldn't be mentioned ever again", and we could see in his face he was deeply emotionally upset whenever it came to that point.

大屠杀无疑是德国学校历史教育中最重要的主题，因为不了解自己的历史就注定会重蹈覆辙。 我自己的高中历史老师是那一代亲眼目睹纳粹政权的人。他在学生中并不受欢迎，因为他严厉，但他可能是我遇到过的最伟大、最真实的老师之一。 在历史课上，他有时候会谈论自己的童年经历，作为一个德国血统的特权男孩，他生活在现在波兰的东部边缘地区。他谈到他班上的波兰男孩因为一些事情被鞭打，而他自己却可以轻易逃脱。每当谈到这些事情时，我们都能看到他眼泪汪汪。 他有时会把希特勒称为“那个名字不应再提及的人”，当涉及到那一点时，我们可以看到他的脸上深深的情绪波动。

Geoff Caplan
As a Jew there’s no getting away from the ghastliness of the Holocaust. But I think that most have come to admire the way that Germany has faced up to its history with honesty and taken energetic steps to ensure that it will never be repeated. Not all the participating countries have been so courageous.
Plus it’s absurd to saddle younger people who weren’t even born at the time with the sins of their forebears.
Nothing good ever comes of hatred - the only way forward is mutual respect and understanding.

作为一个犹太人，逃避大屠杀的残忍是不可能的。但我认为大多数人都赞赏德国以诚实的方式面对自己的历史，并采取了积极措施确保不会重演。并不是所有参与的国家都如此勇敢。 此外，让年轻人背负其祖先的罪行是荒谬的。 没有什么好处可以从仇恨中得到 - 唯一的前进方式是相互尊重和理解。

Marc Clamage
Fifty years ago I went on a bus tour to Iran with my dad. This was when the Shah was still in power. All the other passengers were Europeans of various nationalities. The Iranians were the sweetest, most hospitable people imaginable. The only people who had problems were the Germans. Twenty-five years after the end of World War 2, the Germans were still hated in Iran and our German travellers generally pretended to be Dutch to avoid trouble.

五十年前，我和父亲一起乘巴士去伊朗旅行。那时沙阿还在位。所有其他乘客都是来自各个国家的欧洲人。伊朗人是最甜蜜、最好客的人。唯一遇到问题的是德国人。二战结束后的二十五年里，德国人在伊朗仍然被憎恨，我们的德国旅行者通常假装是荷兰人以避免麻烦。

Peter D'Agata
I think probably the only thing some (keyword is some) Jews will still not do is buy from some certain Nazi affiliated or sympathizing companies. My mom will not buy Chanel (which isn’t German so it’s not a German thing), for example. But this is changing, my grandpa bought a Volkswagen this year.

我认为一些（关键词是一些）犹太人可能唯一不会做的事情就是购买一些与纳粹有关或支持纳粹的公司的产品。比如，我妈妈不会买香奈儿（这不是德国的，所以不是德国的事），但情况正在改变，我爷爷今年买了一辆大众汽车。

Mike Josef
I was a child in 1970s NYC, when this attitude was still quite common. My mom drove a Volkswagen Squareback car and one day she came to pick me up and take me home from the yeshiva day school I attended; the next day a lot of the other kids scolded me and our family for having a VW. Mind you, I was about 8 years old, I barely knew what brand of car we had (to me, it was just my mom’s car, I didn’t know one make of car from the other), but the other kids were my age as well yet they knew Volkswagen was a “Nazi car.” Many of the kids had parents or grandparents who were survivors, and even though to me, as a child, this was ancient history, something that had happened before I was born, now I know that a three decades’ distance from the 1940s to the 1970s would have been like a short time period for those who experienced this trauma, and many of my classmates had parents who were born in Europe. My mother is American-born, but had a grandmother and aunt who stayed behind in Hungary (her father left before the war, leaving his mother and sister behind) and who were killed in the camps, but even though I had attended a yeshiva school, that was my first introduction to the Holocaust that I remember, being made to feel ashamed that our family owned a German car by some of the other kids.

我在20世纪70年代是纽约市的一个孩子，当时这种态度仍然很普遍。我的妈妈开着一辆大众Squareback车来接我，带我回家，那天我在我上学的犹太教日间学校，其他孩子责备我和我们家里拥有大众汽车。请注意，那时我大约8岁，我几乎不知道我们开的是什么牌子的车（对我来说，那只是我妈妈的车，我不知道一种车和另一种车的区别），但其他孩子与我同龄，他们知道大众是一辆“纳粹车”。许多孩子的父母或祖父母是大屠杀幸存者，尽管对我来说，作为一个孩子，这已经是古老的历史，发生在我出生前，但现在我知道，从1940年代到1970年代的三十年间隔对于经历过这种创伤的人来说就像是一个短暂的时间，许多我的同学的父母是在欧洲出生的。我的母亲是美国出生的，但她有一个留在匈牙利的祖母和姑姑（她的父亲在战争前离开了，把他的母亲和妹妹留在那里），他们在集中营被杀害，尽管我曾就读于一所犹太教学校，但那是我记得的第一次接触大屠杀，被其他孩子让我们家拥有德国车感到羞耻。

Herb Paserman
As the German speaking son of Holocaust survivors, I feel uniquely qualified to comment on this. Among my parents' generation there had been an understandable wariness about German immigrants their own age. How can you tell the innocent from the guilty? Still, as the years progressed it became apparent that most Germans were deeply ashamed of the Nazi era and wanted to purge any personal association with that time. To this point, modern Germany has cultivated a very special friendship with Israel and had given much material assistance to the young nation. These actions are unique to history as we cannot name any other formerly genocidal nations that have striven to repair their past sins with the victims. Certainly not Turkey with the Armenians, nor Japan with the Chinese. In those cases not even a simple apology has ever come forth.

作为大屠杀幸存者的德语系后代，我感到自己有资格对此发表评论。在我父母那一代人中，对同龄的德国移民存在着可以理解的戒备心情。你怎么能区分无辜者和罪犯呢？然而，随着岁月的推移，德国大部分人深感对纳粹时代的羞耻，并希望摆脱与那个时期的任何个人关联。至今，现代德国与以色列培养了非常特殊的友谊，并向这个年轻国家提供了许多实质帮助。这些行动在历史上是独一无二的，因为我们找不到其他任何曾经种族灭绝的国家努力修复与受害者之间的过错。肯定没有土耳其和亚美尼亚人，也没有日本和中国人。在那些情况下，甚至没有一个简单的道歉出现过。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

So while we must never forget the terrible depths of the evil that had possessed Germany in that era, we must also praise those who have striven to repair the consequences of those times. History must always warn and teach us, lest we lose our way and grow blind to such leaders who will seek to abase human life in the name of some ideology. I am pleased with evolution of modern Germany.

因此，虽然我们永远不应忘记那个时代德国所沉沦的邪恶深渊，但我们也必须赞扬那些努力修复那段时光后果的人。历史必须始终警示并教导我们，以免迷失方向，对那些试图以某种意识形态名义贬低人类生命的领导者视而不见。我对现代德国的发展感到满意。

Noam Chiger
I think this is very much a generational experience. My great grandfather once landed in Germany on a connecting flight to somewhere else in Europe and simply refused to get off the plane while it refueled, he wouldn't touch German soil.
People who didn't directly experience that period in history are able to say yes that was the past and Germany has made up for it. But to the people who lived through it, it was too painful to process and sometimes it was easier to avoid having to deal with the past.
I don't think they truly hated Germans or Germany especially those who were not involved because they were born after the fact, but I think Germany and Germans reminded them of a pain that they themselves could not overcome

我认为这在很大程度上是一个代际经历。我的曾祖父曾在飞往欧洲其他地方的转机中降落在德国，但在飞机加油时拒绝下飞机，他不愿碰触德国的土地。那些没有直接经历那段历史时期的人可能会说，那是过去，德国已经弥补了过去的错误。但对那些经历过的人来说，这段痛苦的过去太难处理了，有时候更容易避免处理过去。 我不认为他们真的憎恨德国或德国人，尤其是那些并未参与其中的人，因为他们是在事情发生后出生的，但我认为德国和德国人让他们想起了一种他们自己无法克服的痛苦。

Gennady Levitsky
Look, if we would have a grudge against Germans as people, we would have a grudge against half of the world.
The problem that I have: I cannot understand how such highly developed nation, which gave the world Kant, Bethoven, Goethe and Leibniz could produce such scum like Hitler and his gang?

看，如果我们对德国人持恨意，我们就得对世界上一半的人持恨意。 我遇到的问题是：我无法理解这样一个高度发达的国家，竟然产生了希特勒和他的团伙这样的败类？

Jan Andres
Not to mention Albert Einstein, who of course was a Jew as well as a German, and some of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics like Planck, Schrödinger (actually an Austrian) and Heisenberg, the latter of which later signed up for a, luckily unsuccessful, project to develop nuclear weapons for the Nazi regime.
Yes, it's true and just as hard to grasp for us over here, it's kind of a superlatives thing. Germany has been home to some of the greatest poets, philosophers, scientists and engineers, as well as the most bloodthirsty dictator in the history of mankind

更不用说阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦了，他当然是一个犹太人，也是一个德国人，以及一些量子力学的奠基人，如普朗克、薛定谔（实际上是奥地利人）和海森伯，后者后来参与了一个幸运地不成功的项目，为纳粹政权开发核武器。是的，这是真的，对我们来说同样难以理解，这有点像一个最高级别的事情。德国孕育了一些最伟大的诗人、哲学家、科学家和工程师，也是人类历史上最血腥的独裁者之一。

Speaking of, I was thoroughly impressed walking out of Ben Gurion Airport through that gallery lined with the portraits of Israeli Nobel laureates. So many great minds out of a small and threatened country, struggling to survive at many turning points in its history. I can't help being in awe of what the people of Israel built and achieved in the few decades they've had.

说到这一点，我走出本古里安机场时，看到了挂满以色列诺贝尔奖获得者肖像画的画廊，我印象深刻。在这个受到威胁的小国，在其历史的许多转折点上努力生存，创造了许多伟大的思想和成就，让我无比敬畏。

Larry Butchins
No grudges whatsoever: Germany is one of the few countries once governed or occupied by the Third Reich that has actually come out and openly admitted it’s guilt and shame as a nation and begged forgiveness from the Jewish people - which was given. Germany is today one of Israel’s biggest supporters in Europe. One must remember that many, many Israelis have German ancestry and that during the 30’s (prior to the Holocaust) it was considered the highest level of culture to be German. Much of Israeli culture is based on German social norms, Bauhaus architects were German, industrialists and engineers and musicians…yes, there were many Jews in many countries who swore never to buy a German car or German products, but they were mainly in the older generation. Today German products, cars, appliances etc. abound in Israel, and their quality is unequaled. Many young Germans come to Israel on exchange programs, and all credit to them, they are willing to openly discuss where their country went wrong, and young Jews are willing to listen to them and create a true dialog.

绝对没有怨恨：德国是少数几个曾由第三帝国统治或占领的国家之一，它实际上公开承认了作为一个国家的过错和耻辱，并请求犹太人的原谅 - 这得到了。如今，德国是欧洲对以色列支持最大的国家之一。必须记住，许多以色列人有德国血统，而在犹太大屠杀之前的30年代，被认为是德国文化的最高境界。许多以色列文化都基于德国社会规范，包豪斯建筑师是德国人，工业家、工程师和音乐家……是的，有很多犹太人发誓永远不购买德国汽车或德国产品，但他们主要是老一辈人。如今在以色列到处都是德国产品、汽车、电器等，它们的质量无与伦比。许多年轻的德国人参加以色列的交流项目，值得称赞的是，他们愿意公开讨论他们的国家犯了什么错误，年轻的犹太人也愿意倾听他们并建立真正的对话。

William G. Cohen
My ex wife was Israeli. She certainly held no grudge against Germany or Germans. In fact, she was a translator. One of the languages in which she was fluent was German.

我的前妻是以色列人。她绝对不怀恨德国或德国人。事实上，她是一名翻译。她精通的语言之一就是德语。

Patricia Stapleton
It may be news to many, but in South Africa when I started school in 1948, the playgrounds in the white schools were unofficially divided into Afrikaans kids and English-speaking kids. We never mixed at school. And I can remember clearly when the national elections were held that year, being AMAZED to hear my Afrikaans neighbours’ parents talking about voting for the Nationalist Party of Dr Malan. I couldn't believe anyone would admit it out loud, so strong was the aversion of the United Party of Jan Smuts to the apartheid policy of the Nats. This was after the war when many SouthAfricans had joined up voluntarily to fight the Nazis, and when peace came, had formed The Torch Commando to fight against racism. But, in the event, the Nationalists won that election, and what followed was disastrous. Even to this day, because while the whole English-speaking world was moving surely away from racism, it had taken hold in SAfrica with the new government.

对许多人来说可能是新闻，但当我在1948年开始上学时，南非的白人学校的操场是非正式地分成了讲荷兰语的孩子和讲英语的孩子。我们在学校从不混在一起。我清楚地记得那年的全国选举时，听到我的荷兰语邻居的父母谈论要投票给马兰博士的国民党，我简直不敢相信有人会大声承认，因为联合党的斯穆茨对国家党的种族隔离政策非常反感。这是在许多南非人自愿加入抗击纳粹的战争之后，和平来临后，他们组成了火炬突击队来对抗种族主义。但是，事实上，国民党赢得了那次选举，接下来发生的事情是灾难性的。即使到今天，因为在整个讲英语的世界中，种族主义逐渐减少，但在南非却被新政府所执掌。

Galit Opal
I am not going to visit Germany. I can't. Happy for you for the good experience but some of us can't forget. I am not one of my people who have had suffered directly. But I can't get out of my mind what Germany and others did. Never.
So sure not all Germans are evil or even bad and I would not have let you feel bad in person but I will not forget.
As for the nice people here in Israel. Although there is a tradition of visiting Poland and camps I find it controversial and problematic but also maybe some of the once you met where slightly ignorant or…as you said the soldier mentioned a FOOTBALL club …. This just shows what he cares about.

我不会去德国。我不能。为你的美好经历感到高兴，但我们中有些人无法忘记。我不是直接受苦的人之一。但我无法忘记德国和其他国家所做的事情。永远不会。 当然，并非所有德国人都邪恶或者不好，我也不会让你在我面前感到不好，但我不会忘记。 至于以色列这里的好人们。尽管有参观波兰和集中营的传统，我觉得这是有争议和问题的，也许你遇到的一些人有点无知或者...就像你说的那个士兵提到了一个足球俱乐部...这只是表明他关心什么。

Alex McDonald
That makes me wonder, what did the Germans do differently with respect to the Jewish people than others? I was in Holland in the 1980’s and was in a shop where a German tourist came in and was quickly told to leave by the owner saying, “We don’t serve Germans here.” He was very hostile about it. I asked my Dutch acquaintances about that incident and they told me it was not uncommon.

这让我想知道，德国人对待犹太人与其他人有什么不同？我在上世纪80年代在荷兰，曾在一家商店里，一个德国游客进来后很快被店主告知离开，店主说：“我们这里不接待德国人。”他对此非常敌对。我问我的荷兰熟人关于这件事，他们告诉我这种事并不罕见。

Mitch Gunzler
I think being made second class citizens of their own country was novel for the Dutch. Jews were a little more used to existing on sufferance, and the half who are Israelis have experienced living under threat from other sources since WWII, and plenty of other Europeans never stopped muttering “The one good thing Hitler did…”
Do *Eastern* Europeans still have the same bitterness against Germans, or does the Soviet Era complicate their experience of historic grievance?

我认为，被剥夺自己国家公民的地位对荷兰人来说是新奇的。犹太人更习惯于容忍存在，而那些成为以色列人的一半人自二战以来一直面临来自其他来源的威胁，而很多其他欧洲人从未停止低声下气地说“希特勒做的唯一好事是……” 东欧人对德国人是否仍怀有同样的怨恨，或者苏联时代是否让他们对历史仇恨的体验变得复杂？

Adhir Bose
Sensible people usually settle old grudges (real or imagined) and move on to a mutually beneficial FUTURE for themselves and their future generations.
Peaceful people NEVER want to actually settle any dispute ( real or imagined) and WANT to remain in a constant state of conflict because their future is guaranteed.

明智的人通常会化解旧怨（真实或想象的）并朝着自己和未来世代的互惠未来前进。 和平的人永远不想真正解决任何争端（真实或想象的），并希望保持一种持续的冲突状态，因为他们的未来是有保证的。