报告称，超低排放区帮助伦敦比英国其他地区更快地减少了道路污染
Ulez helped London cut road pollution faster than rest of UK, report says
译文简介
“让人们买不起汽车，污染就会减少。”——《卫报》报道。
正文翻译
Ulez helped London cut road pollution faster than rest of UK, report says
- Sadiq Khan hails ‘remarkable progress’ on air quality, with NO2 pollutants lower last year than in lockdown year of 2020
报告称，超低排放区帮助伦敦比英国其他地区更快地减少了道路污染
——萨迪克·汗称赞空气质量取得了“显著进展”，去年的二氧化氮污染物比2020疫情封锁年还低
- Sadiq Khan hails ‘remarkable progress’ on air quality, with NO2 pollutants lower last year than in lockdown year of 2020
报告称，超低排放区帮助伦敦比英国其他地区更快地减少了道路污染
——萨迪克·汗称赞空气质量取得了“显著进展”，去年的二氧化氮污染物比2020疫情封锁年还低
(London’s ultra-low emissions zone was controversially extended to all boroughs last summer.)
（去年夏天，伦敦的超低排放区被有争议地扩展到了所有行政区。）
新闻：
Sadiq Khan has hailed what he said was remarkable progress in improving London’s air quality under his tenure as mayor, after a study showed roadside pollutant levels falling faster in the city than elsewhere in the UK.
伦敦市长萨迪克·汗对他担任伦敦市长期间在改善空气质量方面取得的显著进展表示赞赏。此前一项研究显示，伦敦路边污染物水平下降速度快于英国其他地区。
伦敦市长萨迪克·汗对他担任伦敦市长期间在改善空气质量方面取得的显著进展表示赞赏。此前一项研究显示，伦敦路边污染物水平下降速度快于英国其他地区。
The report, produced by the Greater London Authority (GLA) and Transport for London (TfL), said a good proportion of the improvement was the result of the ultra-low emission zone (Ulez), which was extended to all London boroughs last summer.
这份由大伦敦管理局和伦敦交通局联合发布的报告称，很大一部分改善是超低排放区的结果，该区域于去年夏天扩展到了伦敦的所有行政区。
这份由大伦敦管理局和伦敦交通局联合发布的报告称，很大一部分改善是超低排放区的结果，该区域于去年夏天扩展到了伦敦的所有行政区。
The expansion of the clean air zone, which requires older and more polluting vehicles to pay a £12.50 daily charge, was fiercely opposed by the Tory central government, and even the Labour leader, Keir Starmer, asked Khan to reconsider the move.
扩大清洁空气区要求老旧和污染更严重的车辆每天支付12.50英镑的费用，这遭到了保守党中央政府的强烈反对，甚至工党领袖凯尔·斯塔默也要求汗重新考虑这一举措。
扩大清洁空气区要求老旧和污染更严重的车辆每天支付12.50英镑的费用，这遭到了保守党中央政府的强烈反对，甚至工党领袖凯尔·斯塔默也要求汗重新考虑这一举措。
The Labour mayor is keen to push his environmental credentials before he stands for re-election in May seeking a third term, and amid criticism that his flagship infrastructure project, the Silvertown road tunnel under the Thames, could worsen air quality.
这位工党市长迫切希望在5月份寻求第三个任期的连任之前，提升自己在环保方面的资历，而他也处于他的旗舰基础设施项目——泰晤士河下的锡尔弗敦公路隧道——可能会恶化空气质量的批评声中。
这位工党市长迫切希望在5月份寻求第三个任期的连任之前，提升自己在环保方面的资历，而他也处于他的旗舰基础设施项目——泰晤士河下的锡尔弗敦公路隧道——可能会恶化空气质量的批评声中。
The GLA/TfL report will provide valuable ammunition for Khan and Labour in making the case for the expanded Ulez, which his Conservative opponent, Susan Hall, has pledged to reverse if she wins.
大伦敦管理局/伦敦交通局的报告将为汗和工党提供了宝贵的弹药，为扩大超低排放区提供理由，而他的保守党对手苏珊·霍尔已承诺，如果她胜选，将推翻这一计划。
大伦敦管理局/伦敦交通局的报告将为汗和工党提供了宝贵的弹药，为扩大超低排放区提供理由，而他的保守党对手苏珊·霍尔已承诺，如果她胜选，将推翻这一计划。
According to the research, roadside levels of NO2 pollutants fell by 49% between 2016 and 2023, and were lower last year even than in 2020, when there were extended periods of lockdown during the Covid pandemic.
根据这项研究，2016年至2023年期间，路边二氧化氮污染物水平下降了49%，去年的水平甚至低于2020年——当时新冠大流行期间出现了长时间的封锁。
根据这项研究，2016年至2023年期间，路边二氧化氮污染物水平下降了49%，去年的水平甚至低于2020年——当时新冠大流行期间出现了长时间的封锁。
The fall came despite London’s population having risen by more than a million people, the report said, and was a greater fall than in England as a whole with 35%, Scotland 39%, Wales 31% and Northern Ireland 27%.
报告称，尽管伦敦的人口增加了100多万，但污染物水平的下降幅度仍大于英格兰（35%）、苏格兰（39%）、威尔士（31%）和北爱尔兰（27%）。
报告称，尽管伦敦的人口增加了100多万，但污染物水平的下降幅度仍大于英格兰（35%）、苏格兰（39%）、威尔士（31%）和北爱尔兰（27%）。
The number of air quality monitoring sites in the capital showing NO2 levels beyond the UK’s annual legal limit fell from 56 in 2016 to five in 2023.
首都显示二氧化氮水平超过英国年度法定上限的空气质量监测点数量从2016年的56个下降到2023年的5个。
首都显示二氧化氮水平超过英国年度法定上限的空气质量监测点数量从2016年的56个下降到2023年的5个。
Overall air pollution concentrations have fallen by 65% in central London since 2016, 53% in inner London and 45% in outer London.
自2016年以来，伦敦市中心的整体空气污染浓度下降了65%，伦敦内城下降了53%，伦敦外城下降了45%。
自2016年以来，伦敦市中心的整体空气污染浓度下降了65%，伦敦内城下降了53%，伦敦外城下降了45%。
Much of the benefit has come from the Ulez, which was launched in central London in 2019 and then expanded in 2021 and last summer, but improvements have also come from initiatives such as more electric and hybrid buses, and the wider shift towards electric or less-polluting private vehicles, a change the Ulez has helped.
超低排放区于2019年在伦敦市中心推出，然后在2021年和去年夏天进行了扩展，但改善也来自于一些倡议，比如更多的电动和混合动力公交车，以及更广泛地转向电动或低污染的私家车，超低排放区帮助了这一变化。
超低排放区于2019年在伦敦市中心推出，然后在2021年和去年夏天进行了扩展，但改善也来自于一些倡议，比如更多的电动和混合动力公交车，以及更广泛地转向电动或低污染的私家车，超低排放区帮助了这一变化。
Coinciding with the report, Khan’s office has announced additional clean air schemes, noting that pollution levels in the city are still forecast to exceed World Health Organization guidelines even by 2030.
与该报告同步，汗的办公室也宣布了额外的清洁空气计划，并指出，即使到2030年，伦敦市的污染水平预计仍将超过世界卫生组织的指导方针。
与该报告同步，汗的办公室也宣布了额外的清洁空气计划，并指出，即使到2030年，伦敦市的污染水平预计仍将超过世界卫生组织的指导方针。
A new £5.3m fund, shared between 17 boroughs, includes efforts to reduce emissions from canal and river boats, and to limit commercial vehicles having their engines idling while stationary.
一项由17个行政区共同出资530万英镑的新基金，包括了努力减少运河和内河船只的排放，以及限制商用车辆在静止时发动机空转。
一项由17个行政区共同出资530万英镑的新基金，包括了努力减少运河和内河船只的排放，以及限制商用车辆在静止时发动机空转。
The report does not, however, make any mention of the potential impact of the Silvertown tunnel, the first new road lix across the Thames in 30 years, between Greenwich and Newham in east London.
然而，该报告没有提及锡尔弗敦隧道的潜在影响。锡尔弗敦隧道是30年来连接泰晤士河的第一条新公路，位于伦敦东部的格林威治和纽汉之间。
然而，该报告没有提及锡尔弗敦隧道的潜在影响。锡尔弗敦隧道是30年来连接泰晤士河的第一条新公路，位于伦敦东部的格林威治和纽汉之间。
Campaigners say it will worsen pollution in one of the smoggiest parts of the city. City hall argues that the crossing, which will be tolled, will speed up bus services and reduce pollution levels by easing congestion.
活动人士表示，这将使伦敦雾霾最严重的地区之一的污染恶化。市政厅则辩称，这一收费的过河隧道将加快公交服务，并通过缓解拥堵来降低污染水平。
活动人士表示，这将使伦敦雾霾最严重的地区之一的污染恶化。市政厅则辩称，这一收费的过河隧道将加快公交服务，并通过缓解拥堵来降低污染水平。
Khan said: “Every Londoner should be proud of the remarkable progress we’ve made in improving our air quality since 2016. Together we’ve cut roadside nitrogen dioxide pollution in half and achieved the lowest annual levels on record.
汗说：“自2016年以来，我们在改善空气质量方面取得了显著进展，每个伦敦人都应该为此感到自豪。我们共同努力，将路边二氧化氮污染减少了一半，并达到了有记录以来的最低年度水平。
汗说：“自2016年以来，我们在改善空气质量方面取得了显著进展，每个伦敦人都应该为此感到自豪。我们共同努力，将路边二氧化氮污染减少了一半，并达到了有记录以来的最低年度水平。
“London is leading the way, cleaning up our air at a much faster rate than the rest of the UK. Clean air matters for so many reasons – helping to increase children’s life expectancy, reduce hospital admissions for asthma and serious lung conditions, and enable people to lead longer, healthier lives.”
“伦敦在这方面处于领先地位，它净化空气的速度比英国其他地区快得多。清洁空气的重要性有很多原因——有助于提高儿童的预期寿命，减少因哮喘和严重肺部疾病住院的人数，并使人们过上更长寿、更健康的生活。”
“伦敦在这方面处于领先地位，它净化空气的速度比英国其他地区快得多。清洁空气的重要性有很多原因——有助于提高儿童的预期寿命，减少因哮喘和严重肺部疾病住院的人数，并使人们过上更长寿、更健康的生活。”
Henry Gregg from Asthma and Lung UK said: “Despite some improvements to the public transport network in London, more action is still needed in many toxic air hotspots, especially in outer boroughs.”
英国哮喘与肺脏协会的亨利·格雷格说：“尽管伦敦的公共交通网络有所改善，但在许多有害空气热点地区，特别是在外围行政区，仍需要采取更多行动。”
英国哮喘与肺脏协会的亨利·格雷格说：“尽管伦敦的公共交通网络有所改善，但在许多有害空气热点地区，特别是在外围行政区，仍需要采取更多行动。”
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Was working in London this week and definitely noticed loads of EVs, way more than what you'd see in my home city, along with the electric buses and vans, at least in Zone 1.
although I'd probably attribute it to the discount you get on congestion charge for driving a BEV, and from my understanding that will get scrapped next year.
这周我在伦敦工作，绝对注意到大量的电动汽车，比你在我的家乡看到的要多得多，还有电动公交车和货车，至少在一区是这样。
尽管我可能会把它归因于驾驶纯电动汽车的拥堵费折扣，但据我所知，这项政策明年将被取消。
London has installed far more EV charge points than the rest of the UK as a result of the Mayor’s policies, enabling far greater uptake of EVs than the rest of the country. London hosts more than 1/3 of all the UK’s charge points, despite only hosting 13% of the population. Other cities could do it too — it comes down to political will, which is woefully lacking from most mayors.
由于市长的政策，伦敦已经安装了比英国其他地区更多的电动汽车充电站，使得电动汽车的使用率远远高于英国其他地区。伦敦拥有英国超过三分之一的充电站，尽管伦敦人口只占英国总人口的13%。其他城市也可以这样做——归根结底是政治意愿，但大多数市长都严重缺乏政治意愿。
If you live and work in a city public transport works, if you don't it doesn't. Especially if you need to cross a country border.
如果你在城市生活和工作，那么公共交通就有用，如果你不是，那它就没用。尤其是当你需要跨越国界的时候。
I've literally caught commuter trains that cross borders. International rail is not some mythic concept.
我真的搭过跨国界的通勤火车。国际铁路并不是什么神话般的概念。
Also, if you live on the fringes of a city public transport rarely works well as the centre of that city.
此外，如果你住在城市的边缘，公共交通很少能像城市的中心那样好用。
That's where urban planning comes in though right? Something we seem shockingly bad at. I lived in Clifton near Nottingham for a while and honestly their tram network felt fucking revolutionary. But just felt wild being able to live right outside a city and have something that reliably turned up every ~10 minutes and got you into the center of the city with no traffic or delays or even having to keep aware of where your stop was.
这就是城市规划的由来，对吧？这是我们非常不擅长的。我在诺丁汉附近的克利夫顿住过一段时间，老实说，他们的有轨电车网络感觉很tmd有革命性。但是能住在城市外面感觉很疯狂，每隔10分钟就会有一些可靠的东西出现，带你进入城市中心，没有交通堵塞，也没有延误，甚至不必知道你的站在哪里。
Make it unaffordable to drive, pollution goes down.
Let’s make flights 1000% more expensive then we’ll achieve more!
让人们买不起汽车，污染就会减少。
让我们把航班价格提高1000%，然后我们会取得更多成就！
This but unironically
就是这个，真不讽刺
I'm curious, do you mean that? Only the rich can travel? That's the world you want to live in?
我很好奇，你是这个意思吗？只有富人才能旅行？这就是你想生活的世界吗？
Tbh air travel in many places is way too affordable considering the actual cost it is to operate a plane and the environmental damage it causes down the line that taxpayers will inevitably have to pay to fix when ocean levels start to rise and temperatures increase. It hasn’t happened in the UK yet but if you look at countries like Japan and the US, planes are actually cheaper to use than trains… The environmental damage pricing policies like that cause is probably horrific.
If we want to curb climate change we will need to cut back on flights. Either prices will need to rise high enough to discourage a lot of air traffic and to invest in green energy and the likes. Or we need to add a cap on how many flights a year people can take or how many miles they can fly. It also might be a good idea to restrict where you can get flights to. Why should you be allowed to fly somewhere that is easily accessible by train or boat? Like seriously why the fuck do we have flights between London and Birmingham/Manchester?
None of this will ever happen. But if you want to be serious about climate change then crying about how we shouldn’t have any restrictions in our lifestyles isn’t the way to go about it. Especially when planes are one of the worst contributors to emissions.
考虑到运营飞机的实际成本和它所造成的环境破坏，当海平面开始上升和气温升高时，纳税人将不可避免地不得不支付修复费用，许多地方的航空旅行都过于便宜了。这在英国还没有发生，但如果你看看像日本和美国这样的国家，飞机票价实际上比火车更便宜……这种对环境造成破坏的定价政策可能是可怕的。
如果我们想遏制气候变化，我们就需要减少航班。无论是哪种价格，都需要涨到足够高的水平，以抑制大量的空中交通，并投资于绿色能源等等。或者我们需要对人们一年可以乘坐多少次航班或飞行多少英里增加一个上限。限制你可以乘坐航班的地方可能也是一个好主意。为什么你要被允许飞到一个很容易坐火车或轮船到达的地方？说真的，为什么我们要开通伦敦和伯明翰/曼彻斯特之间的航班？
这一切都不会发生。但是，如果你想认真对待气候变化问题，那么叫嚷我们的生活方式不应该有任何限制，这是行不通的。尤其是当飞机是排放最严重的贡献者之一时。
We do need to clean up air travel. The problem is it's very unlikely that air travel will ever operate on anything other than hydrocarbon fuels, simply because the energy density of these fuels is so high. Electric aircraft are non-viable beyond very short haul low passenger number flights (think a flight to the Shetland Isles for instance). Hydrogen aircraft have many significant technical hurdles to overcome and most aircraft manufacturers have scaled back their hydrogen research due to these challenges.
The best way forward is sustainable aviation fuel, which is either synthetically produced hydrocarbon fuels (produced from a Fischer-Tropsch reaction) or biofuels when produced from genuinely carbon negative sources.
Thankfully the EU have introduced legislation which will ratchet up the requirements for SAF in aircraft. Unfortunately, it's starting quite low, at only 2% in 2025 and up to 70% in 2050. And there doesn't seem to be any requirement on flights that fly into the EU.
This needs to be tightened up and accelerated but it is at least good step. A full carbon tax would further accelerate development.
我们确实需要整顿航空旅行。问题是，除了碳氢化合物燃料，航空旅行几乎不可能使用其他燃料，因为前者的能量密度很高。除了载客量很低的短途航班（比如飞往设得兰群岛的航班），电动飞机是不可用的。氢燃料飞机有许多重大的技术障碍需要克服，由于这些挑战，大多数飞机制造商已经缩减了氢燃料的研究力度。
最好的出路是可持续的航空燃料，这种燃料要么是合成的碳氢化合物燃料（由费托反应产生），要么是由真正的负碳源生产的生物燃料。
值得庆幸的是，欧盟已经出台了立法，将逐步提高对飞机可持续航空燃料的要求。不幸的是，这一比例很低，2025年仅为2%，到2050年将达到70%。而且似乎对飞往欧盟的航班没有任何要求。
这需要加强和加速，但这至少是良好的一步。全面征收碳税将进一步加速发展。
There's a proposal called the "frequent flyer tax". You or me or anyone else might get 6 flights a year -- three overseas holidays, which is a fair amount! Any more than that you pay a carbon tax, steadily rising until you are paying the true cost of your air travel in terms of ecological damage.
有一项提案叫做“频繁旅客税”。你、我或任何其他人一年可能有6次航班——3次海外假期，这其实相当多了！超过这个数，你就要缴纳碳排放税，这个税会稳步上升，直到你为你的航空旅行支付了真正的生态破坏成本。
I'd also like to see the law changed around business travelers. If you fly on business and expense the airfare, you shouldn't be able to get any kind of personal "points" for such a flight. The awarding of such points, which many companies permit in their expense rules, creates an incentive to fly more often than truly necessary.
我也希望看到有关商务旅行者的法律有所改变。如果你乘飞机出差并支付机票费用，你就不应该获得任何形式的个人“积分”。许多公司在其报销规定中允许这样的积分奖励，这会激励人们比实际需要更频繁地乘坐飞机。
What an idiotic comment. Do you really think people fly on business solely to collect points ? Clients insist on face to face contact so you simply have travel.
多么愚蠢的评论。你真的认为人们乘飞机出差只是为了攒积分吗？客户坚持面对面接触，所以你只能出差。
I am absolutely certain some do it in part for points, given the sales guy I work with was bragging about the air miles he has got from his trips all across the world, which allowed him and his partner to fly to Asia for very little. I am not saying business travel is no go, but we should not create incentives for it like that!
If it is not a perverse incentive then there should be no issue with banning the collection of personal points for business travel, right?
我绝对肯定，有些人这样做就是为了积分，因为与我一起工作的销售人员吹嘘他在世界各地旅行所积累的航空里程，这些里程使他和他的伙伴可以花很少的钱飞到亚洲。我并不是说商务旅行不可行，但我们不应该为它创造这样的激励机制！
如果这不是一种不正当的激励，那么禁止为商务旅行收集个人积分应该就没什么不对，对吧？
Ulez just makes those empty roads the speedways for those who can afford to pay the penalty. The rich toffs and hangers on who now have uninterrupted access to roads that the common man on the street pays for. Remember that next time you are waiting on the bus.
超低排放区只是把那些空旷的道路变成了那些能付得起罚款的人的高速公路。那些有钱的纨绔子弟现在可以不受干扰地使用街道上的普通百姓支付建设费用的道路了。下次你在等公共汽车的时候，记住这一点。
Londoners are also about the only bit of the country that can afford electric cars...
On my road, not even that far from London, along the M4, I would say the majority of cars are pre-2013.
People don't have 10s of thousands to splash out on electrics.
The cherry on top? Londoners have a scrappage scheme, the rest of the country doesn't. Even in places where schemes as restrictive as ULEZ are being rolled out.
伦敦人也是这个国家唯一买得起电动汽车的人。
我在离伦敦不远的M4公路上行驶，我觉得大多数车都是2013年以前的车。
人们没有几万英镑的钱来砸在电车上。
锦上添花？伦敦人有旧车报废计划，而英国其他地方没有。即使在像超低排放区这样的限制性计划正在推行的地方。
Heathrow Airport is the single largest polluter in UK, and one of the largest in the World. That ULEZ rules make very small difference, as it concentrates only on cars which make small percentage of the Londons pollution problem...
希思罗机场是英国最大的污染源，也是世界上最大的污染源之一。超低排放区规定的影响很小，因为它只针对汽车，而汽车在伦敦污染问题中所占的比例很小。
The focus is on air quality, not pollution overall
重点是空气质量，而不是整体污染
Heathrow is champion in both categories, not sure what your point is...
希思罗机场在这两方面都是冠军，不知道你的意思是什么……
Heathrow and aviation in general aren’t a major contributor to local air pollution levels in London, even if they contribute to the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions as a whole.
希思罗机场和航空业总体上不是伦敦当地空气污染水平的主要贡献者，尽管它们对英国整体温室气体排放有所贡献。
or maybe build a rail line that means you can erase internal UK flights, remove cars from the roads and get more freight on the tracks
或者修建一条铁路线，这意味着你可以消除英国国内的航班，从道路上移除汽车，而让铁路上的货物更多
Next, we will all be locked up at home to prevent any pollution.
接下来，我们都将被锁在家里，以防止任何污染。