在学习加拿大历史的过程中，你学到了什么让你惊讶的东西?
What is something surprising you learned studying the history of Canada?
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What is something surprising you learned studying the history of Canada?
在学习加拿大历史的过程中，你学到了什么让你惊讶的东西?
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A name that most Americans would not know is the late, great Tommy Douglas.
The late Tommy Douglas, in a CBC national poll, was named “The Greatest Canadian.” The honor was bestowed upon him because of his leadership in enacting Canada’s universal healtcare. Douglas passionately believed that every Canadian deserved the right to have quality health care, regardless of their economic or social situation.
As Premier of Saskatchewan he enacted the first provincial medicare plan and as leader of the federal NDP though never Prime Minister, he was the emotional and intellectual leader in a national Medicare plan being adopted in 1966.
Another historical tidbit about Douglas, he was the father in law of actor Donald Sutherland and grandfather of actor Kiefer Sutherland.
一个大多数美国人都不知道的名字是已故的，伟大的汤米·道格拉斯。
已故的汤米·道格拉斯在加拿大广播公司的一项全国民意调查中被评为“最伟大的加拿大人”。这一荣誉是由于他在制定加拿大全民医疗保健方面的领导作用而授予他的。道格拉斯坚信，无论经济或社会状况如何，每个加拿大人都应该享有高质量医疗保健的权利。
作为萨斯喀彻温省总理，他颁布了第一个省级医疗保险计划，作为联邦新民主党的领导人，尽管他从未担任过总理，但他是1966年通过的国家医疗保险计划的情感和智力领袖。
关于道格拉斯的另一个历史趣闻，他是演员唐纳德·萨瑟兰的岳父，也是演员基弗·萨瑟兰（Kiefer Sutherland）的祖父。
What is the most surprising thing you learned studying the history of Ireland?
It surprised me to learn that one of the greatest devastations of Ireland was caused (somewhat) by the Scots and not (bad enough though they were), the English.
In 1315, Edward Bruce invaded Ireland, driving deep into the country in an effort to thwart Anglo-Norman power. The invasion coincided with a devastating crop failure and the subsequent food shortage ignited a massive wave of lawlessness among the fighting parties. Farms and towns were pillaged, burned and looted. Animals were seized and slaughtered by hungry marauding soldiers. Thousands of people died in their droves. The Bruce campaign eventually ended in failure, when the Scottish army was routed at the battle of Faughart in 1318.
The Bruce devastations were so traumatic to Ireland that large areas of agricultural land lay fallow for decades afterwards. Pollen analysis has shown that grass pollen gave way to hazel and birch, which in turn gave way to forest trees like elm and oak.
It did not help that, just as the country was recovering, another huge wave of death and misery broke over Ireland in the guise of the Black Death in 1348.
English influence in Ireland withered away until just small parts of the country were under English influence or control. Rural Ireland was a country of extensive forests and small-scale subsistence farming, right up to the 17th Century.
在学习爱尔兰历史的过程中，最让你惊讶的事情是什么?
令我惊讶的是，爱尔兰最大的灾难之一是由苏格兰人(在某种程度上)造成的，而不是(尽管他们已经够糟糕了)英格兰人造成的。
1315年，爱德华·布鲁斯入侵爱尔兰，深入该国，试图挫败盎格鲁-诺曼人的力量。入侵恰逢毁灭性的作物歉收，随后的粮食短缺在交战各方中引发了大规模的无法无天的浪潮，农场和城镇被掠夺、焚烧和抢劫。动物被饥肠辘辘的劫掠士兵抓来屠杀，成千上万的人成群结队地死去。布鲁斯的战役最终以失败告终，苏格兰军队在1318年的哈特之战中溃败。
布鲁斯的破坏给爱尔兰带来了巨大的创伤，大片的农业用地在之后的几十年里都处于休耕状态。花粉分析表明，花粉分析表明，草花粉让位于榛子和桦树，而榛子和桦树又让位于榆树和橡树等森林树木。
更糟糕的是，正当爱尔兰经济复苏之时，1348年，另一场巨大的死亡和痛苦浪潮以黑死病的名义席卷了爱尔兰。
在爱尔兰，英格兰的影响逐渐消失，直到只有该国的一小部分受到英格兰的影响或控制。直到17世纪，农村爱尔兰一直是一个拥有广阔森林和小规模自给自足农业的国家。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
What is the most surprising thing you learned studying the history of Ireland?
That Sinn Féin, which now describes itself as a republican party, originally advocated a dual monarchy between Ireland and Britain, under which the two countries would share a monarch but not a parliament, as they had previously done until the Act of unx in 1801.
Despite having been a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood in his youth, and demonstrated against the visit to Ireland of King Edward VII, the party’s leader Arthur Griffith proposed a dual monarchy along the lines of the one Hungary had established with Austria.
Admittedly, this was a pragmatic policy aimed at making the idea of Irish independence more palatable to the British establishment, which faced opposition from other Sinn Féin leaders who sought to change it to a republican one, which it ultimately did in 1917.
However, even after the proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising in 1916, which was misleadingly called ‘the Sinn Féin rebellion’ in Britain, some leaders of the Irish Volunteers had proposed offering the throne of an independent Ireland to Prince Joachim of Germany.
你在研究爱尔兰历史时学到的最令人惊讶的事情是什么？
现在自称为共和党的新芬党最初主张爱尔兰和英国实行双重君主制，即两国共享君主，但不共享议会，就像他们在1801年《联合法案》之前所做的那样。
尽管年轻时曾是爱尔兰共和兄弟会的成员，并曾抗议爱德华七世国王访问爱尔兰，该党领袖亚瑟·格里菲斯还是提议按照匈牙利与奥地利建立的君主制建立双重君主制。
诚然，这是一项务实的政策，目的是让爱尔兰独立的想法更容易被英国当权派所接受，但遭到了新芬党其他领导人的反对，他们试图将其转变为共和制，最终在1917年实现了这一目标。
然而，即使在1916年复活节起义期间爱尔兰共和国宣布成立（在英国被误导地称为“新芬党叛乱”）之后，爱尔兰志愿军的一些领导人也提议将独立爱尔兰的王位交给德国的约阿希姆亲王。
Even Greece, which had declared itself a republic in 1822, later chose Prince Otto of Bavaria as its king, before replacing him with Denmark’s Prince William, who became King George I, with the diplomatic support of Britain, France and Russia, creating a dynasty that officially lasted until 1974.
As late as 1918, Finland, newly independent from Russia, had elected Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, brother-in-law of the Kaiser, as its king, but he never took up the position, renouncing the title in the wake of Germany’s military defeat and the abolition of the monarchy in Germany itself.
Although the Anglo-Irish Treaty did establish a constitutional monarchy in Ireland, it was in the guise of the twenty-six county Irish Free State, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General, a position abolished in 1937, with the last lix with the monarchy removed in 1949.
这在现在看来似乎很奇怪，但在当时的背景下，这是合理的，因为希腊、罗马尼亚和保加利亚在从奥斯曼帝国获得独立后，选择了德国的王子作为他们的国王，这为他们提供了一定程度的德国外交支持。
即使是在1822年宣布成为共和国的希腊，后来也选择了巴伐利亚的奥托王子为国王，然后在英国、法国和俄罗斯的外交支持下，由丹麦的威廉王子取代他成为国王乔治一世，建立了一个正式持续到1974年的王朝。
直到1918年，刚从俄国独立出来的芬兰，才选举德皇的妹夫、黑森的弗雷德里克·查尔斯王子(Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse)为国王，但他从未接受过这个职位，而是在德国的军事失败和德国自己废除君主制后放弃了这个头衔。
虽然《英爱条约》确实在爱尔兰建立了君主立宪制，但它是在26个郡的爱尔兰自由邦的幌子下，由总督代表英国君主，这一职位于1937年废除，与君主政体的最后联系于1949年取消。
What are the most interesting facts about Canadian history that most people are not aware of?
A lot of Canadians are unaware that during the German occupation of the Netherlands at the time of the Second World War, Canada gave the Dutch Royal family asylum. Princess Margaret was born in Canada while her family was in exile here. To commemorate her birth, the Canadian government flew the Dutch flag from the peace tower of the Canadian parliament building. That was the only time in history a flag other than the national flag of Canada flew over our government building.
In 1945, the Canadian Military liberated the Netherlands. In appreciation, the Dutch people have sent thousands of tulips to Canada every year since. The event is now known as the “Canadian tulip festival”. Both countries remain strong trading partners, and allies on the world stage.
关于加拿大历史，大多数人不知道的最有趣的事实是什么？
许多加拿大人都不知道，在第二次世界大战期间德国占领荷兰期间，加拿大为荷兰王室提供了庇护。玛格丽特公主出生在加拿大，当时她的家人被流放到这里。为了纪念她的出生，加拿大政府在加拿大议会大厦的和平塔上悬挂了荷兰国旗。那是历史上唯一一次加拿大国旗以外的旗帜在我们的政府大楼上空飘扬。
1945年，加拿大军队解放了荷兰。为了表示感谢，荷兰人每年都向加拿大送去成千上万的郁金香。这个活动现在被称为“加拿大郁金香节”。两国在世界舞台上仍然是强有力的贸易伙伴和盟友。
What are some things every "Canadian" should know about "Canadian History"?
IMO, every Canadian should know about our treatment of our First Nations brothers and sisters. Most Canadians know a tiny bit about residential schools, but have no idea of the horrors experienced by virtually an entire generation, (multiple generations in some cases).
Too many Canadians (like a certain senator who shall remain unnamed here) think FN people are lazy, or hopeless drunks, or any of several stereotypes. They have either a severe lack of information, are truly heartless, or simply blinded by their own privilege and bigotry.
关于“加拿大历史”，每个“加拿大人”都应该知道哪些事情？
在我看来，每个加拿大人都应该知道我们对待第一民族兄弟姐妹的方式。大多数加拿大人对寄宿学校知道一点点，但对几乎整整一代人（在某些情况下是几代人）所经历的恐怖事件一无所知。
太多的加拿大人(就像某个不愿透露姓名的参议员)认为第一民族人是懒惰的，或者是无可救药的酒鬼，或者是其他的刻板印象。他们要么是严重缺乏信息，要么是真正的无情，要么只是被自己的特权和偏见蒙蔽了双眼。
What is the most surprising thing you learned studying the history of Africa?
During post graduation era I had to deal with a few novels related to African Culture and history ..
Although my genre was novels yet we understood the transformation , history of the dark African Landscape ..
Today I will basically speak of two novels
Chinua Achebe's Things for Apart. It dealt with the heroic Ibo tribe (Like the Nagas) how the advent of British rule changed their lives altogether let it be cultural, social , religious domain.. One significant aspect of Ibo tribe was that they gave an ear to every opinion . This lead to the entry of missionaries into their villages and a decay of the traditional ways . It was the story of Africa how the conversion card was played by the white colonial master.
This novel pens down the pangs of the victims of the institution of polygamy. A husband forsaken woman who becomes independent with her education and her struggle to bring up her children in the midst of colonial era transition..
在学习非洲历史的过程中，最让你惊讶的是什么?
在毕业后的时期，我不得不处理一些与非洲文化和历史有关的小说。
虽然我的体裁是小说，但我们了解非洲黑暗景观的转变和历史
今天我主要讲两部小说
钦努阿·阿契贝的《崩溃(Things Fall Apart)》。它讲述了英雄的伊博部落（像那加人一样）英国统治的出现如何彻底改变了他们的生活——让它成为文化、社会和宗教领域。伊博部落的一个重要方面是他们倾听每一种意见。这导致传教士进入他们的村庄，传统方式衰败。这是一个关于非洲的故事，白人殖民统治者如何打出皈依这张牌。
这部小说记录了一夫多妻制度下受害者的痛苦。一个被丈夫抛弃的女人，在殖民时代的过渡中，通过自己的教育和抚养孩子的努力变得独立
What are some things every "Canadian" should know about "Canadian History"?
That there were French settlements in Canada for 150 years before there were any substantial English language settlements.
That many places in Ontario along the Ottawa River were, before Ontario was founded, parts of New France
关于“加拿大历史”，每个“加拿大人”都应该知道哪些事情？
法国人在加拿大定居了150年之后才有了真正的说英语的人的定居地。
在安大略省建立之前，渥太华河沿岸的许多地方都是新法兰西的一部分。
What is your favourite (most interesting to you) part of Canadian history?
I would have to go with the Acadian diaspora and cultural GENO...., (1755–1764) the Red River rebellion (1869–70)…and also the rebellion of 1837.
加拿大历史中，你最喜欢(对你来说最有趣的)的是哪一部分?
我不得不说阿卡迪亚人的散居和文化灭绝（1755-1764）、红河叛乱（1869-1970），以及1837年的叛乱。
What is your favourite (most interesting to you) part of Canadian history?
Perhaps interesting only because it is little known. The first English speaking Canadians were the loyalists who had been evicted from the US and their goods stolen. Later migrants included entire disbanded army units who were given land for them and their families. The people developed a strong militia. During the US Civil War there was an economic slowdown in British North America. Thousands of men went to the US and joined the unx Army. Some were paid a signing "bonus" to take the place of the son of a rich man who had been drafted. After the war the unx leaders from the states farther from the border wanted to invade Canada and finish off British rule. The unx generals advised them that all of the army had fought alongside Canadians and that those Canadians knew every piece of equipment and tactic of the army. They also said that the Canadians would be defending their land and families. Sending unwilling men to fight old friends on their turf was seen as a dumb idea and the talk of invasion was dropped.
A more favourite one was the movement of a band of Sioux from the US to Canada. Sitting Bull was born in what today is Saskatchewan as were many others. The escorting company of US cavalry were told to proceed along a certain route where they would meet a contingent of RNWMP, the ancestor of the Canadian federal police. They arrived at the border and saw only two men in uniform waiting for them. After the exchange of pleasantries and papers the confused US captain said “this is not your entire squad is it?” and the Canadian replied “no”. “Well, where are the others?” the American asked. The RNWMP corporal replied with “oh, George is back at our campsite cooking supper”.
The story underlines a different outlook between the two nations.
加拿大历史中，你最喜欢(对你来说最有趣的)的是哪一部分?
也许有趣只是因为它鲜为人知。第一批说英语的加拿大人是被驱逐出美国，他们的货物被偷走的保皇派。后来的移民包括整个被解散的军队，他们和他们的家人得到了土地。人们发展了一支强大的民兵。在美国内战期间，英属北美经济放缓。成千上万的人去了美国，加入了联邦军队。一些人得到了签约“奖金”，以取代一位被征召入伍的富人的儿子。战争结束后，来自边境以外各州的联邦领导人想要入侵加拿大，结束英国的统治。联邦将军们告诉他们，所有的军队都和加拿大人并肩作战，加拿大人知道军队的每一件装备和战术。他们还说，加拿大人将捍卫他们的土地和家庭。派不情愿的人去老朋友的地盘上作战被视为愚蠢的想法，入侵的讨论也被搁置了。
一个更受欢迎的故事是苏族人从美国迁徙加拿大。像其他许多人一样，“坐着的公牛（北美印第安人部落首领）”出生在今天的萨斯喀彻温省。美国骑兵的护送连被告知沿着某条路线前进，在那里他们将遇到加拿大联邦警察的祖先——皇家西北保护区特遣队。他们到达边境时，只看到两名身穿制服的男子在等他们。在寒暄和交换文件后，困惑的美国队长说“这不是你们整个队吧？”加拿大人回答“不是”。“好吧，其他人在哪里？”美国人问道。皇家西北保护区特遣队下士回答说：“哦，乔治回到我们的营地去做晚饭了。”。
这个故事突显了两国之间的不同观点。
What has shocked you the most about Canada?
Having spent over a decade behind bars as a wrongly convicted person, I have seen many of the injustices of our Justice system. However one that no one ever talks about, are the men and women serving life sentences who remain in prison long, long after their original court mandated parole dates.
A prisoner serving a Life-10 sentence is eligible for day parole after 7 years and full parole at 10. However if that person doesn't apply for parole then he or she can spend 30-40 more years incarcerated and die inside. I'm not talking about the monsters who shouldn't ever get out. I'm talking about the ones who made one bad choice, paid the price, and are no longer any threat to society but for whatever reason they do not apply for parole.
Some people give up in prison. Sad but true as prison can suck hope right out of you. They either are legitimately regretful and shamed for having taken a life that they simply don't apply for parole, while others may have no one to get out to, and others become so institutionalized that the outside world is scarier than prison. So what happens to them
加拿大最让你震惊的是什么？
作为一个被错误定罪的人，我在监狱里度过了十多年，我看到了我们司法系统的许多不公正现象。然而，有一件事从来没有人谈论过，那就是那些正在服无期徒刑的男女，他们在原法院规定的假释日期后很长一段时间仍在监狱里。
服刑10年的囚犯在7年后有资格获得日间假释，10年后有资格获得完全假释。然而，如果那个人不申请假释，那么他或她可能会在监狱里再呆30-40年，然后死在里面。我不是在说那些永远都不应该出去的怪物。我说的是那些做出了一个糟糕的选择，付出了代价，不再对社会构成任何威胁，但不管出于什么原因，他们都没有申请假释。
有些人放弃申请假释。悲伤但真实，就像监狱会吸走你的希望一样。他们要么理所当然地为自己的生命感到后悔和羞愧——根本不申请假释，而一些人人可能没有人可以求助，还有一些人变得非常缺乏自理能力，以至于外面的世界比监狱更可怕所以他们就变成这样。
I recently had a friend die just that way. Ron swore he would never apply for parole as it would bring pain to the victim's family. He was serving Life 10 but died 35 years in. This was not a man who kept applying for parole and kept getting turned down. This was a man who simply didn't apply. He got old, sick, and eventually died behind bars and the system allowed it. A sad waste of a human being's life and millions of additional tax dollars wasted also. Think he was the only one? Think again.
他们逐渐衰弱，他们老去，死在监狱里，从来没有人上来说：“你的时间到了，你已经付出了代价，你必须离开。”他们的社会工作者可能会鼓励他们申请假释，但如果他们选择不申请，他们就会无限期地被关押，纳税人每年要为此付出大约20万美元的代价。
他永远不会申请假释，因为这会给受害者的家人带来痛苦。他被判10年期徒刑，但35年后与监狱中去世。这不是一个不断申请假释却总是被拒绝的人。这是一个根本不申请的人。他老了，病了，最后死在监狱里，这是体制允许的。这是对一个人生命的可悲浪费，也浪费了数百万美元的额外税款。你觉得只有他是这样的吗?再想想。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处