QA问答：越南制造业的现状与中国相比如何？有人可以真正专业的比较一下吗？
How does the current state of manufacturing in Vietnam compare to that of China?
译文简介
东南亚网友：答主你是一个非常好的人，你勇敢的说出了真相，如此多真实的数据。
如果只看媒体，会以为越南已经开始取代中国的地位了
正文翻译
Profile photo for Aya Shawn
Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorDec 22
Vietnam's manufacturing industry is developing very rapidly, especially the processing industry driven by foreign investment.
However, compared with China's manufacturing industry, Vietnam's manufacturing industry is still very weak, and the two cannot be compared together.
In fact, no country in the world can compare with China in terms of manufacturing.
越南制造业发展非常迅速，尤其是外资带动的加工业。
不过，与中国制造业相比，越南制造业还很薄弱，两者不能放在一起比较。
事实上，就制造业而言，世界上没有哪个国家可以与中国相比。
Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorDec 22
Vietnam's manufacturing industry is developing very rapidly, especially the processing industry driven by foreign investment.
However, compared with China's manufacturing industry, Vietnam's manufacturing industry is still very weak, and the two cannot be compared together.
In fact, no country in the world can compare with China in terms of manufacturing.
越南制造业发展非常迅速，尤其是外资带动的加工业。
不过，与中国制造业相比，越南制造业还很薄弱，两者不能放在一起比较。
事实上，就制造业而言，世界上没有哪个国家可以与中国相比。
1. Scale 2022:
China's GDP reaches 18 trillion US dollars, of which industrial GDP accounts for 33%.
Vietnam’s GDP reaches US$0.4 trillion, of which industrial GDP accounts for 25%
This means that Vietnam’s manufacturing (industry) scale is only 1.6% of China’s
In 2023, China's manufacturing (industry) is expected to grow by 4.3%, which means that the increase in China's manufacturing industry this year will be US$0.25 trillion, equivalent to 2.5 times that of Vietnam's manufacturing industry. All is industrial GDP.
No matter from which dimension, the scale of Vietnam's manufacturing industry is not of the same order of magnitude as China's, and there is no comparability at all. The difference between them is like the difference between an ant and an elephant.
1. 规模 2022：
中国GDP 18万亿美元，其中工业GDP占比33%。
越南GDP 0.4万亿美元，其中工业GDP占比25%
这意味着越南制造业（工业）规模仅为中国的1.6%
2023年中国制造业（工业）预计增长4.3%，这意味着今年中国制造业增量将达0.25万亿美元，相当于越南功业GDP的2.5倍;。
无论从哪个维度来看，越南制造业规模与中国都不是一个数量级，根本没有可比性。它们之间的区别就像蚂蚁和大象之间的区别。
2. Area
China's industry is very comprehensive. Not only do they process and assemble, they also manufacture key components. They also have unparalleled heavy industries such as petrochemical and mechanical industries, automobiles, shipbuilding and aerospace manufacturing.
Most of Vietnam's manufacturing industry is still in the product processing and assembly areas, as these areas rely on large amounts of manpower. Human resources in Vietnam are relatively cheap. This is why Vietnam attracts a lot of external investment.
Human beings are made in hierarchies. There are products with short industrial chains, such as clothing, and there are also products with long industrial chains, such as cars and mobile phones.
If you don't quite understand, I provide two pictures to illustrate this point.
2. 领域
中国的工业非常全面。他们不仅进行加工和组装，还制造关键部件。他们还拥有无与伦比的重工业，如石化和机械工业、汽车、造船和航空航天制造。
越南制造业大部分仍处于产品加工和组装领域，因为这些领域依赖大量的人力。越南的人力资源相对便宜。这就是越南吸引大量外部投资的原因。
人类的工业是有层次的。有产业链短的产品，比如服装，也有产业链长的产品，比如汽车、手机。
如果你不太明白，我提供两张图来说明这一点。
China's industry is very comprehensive. Not only do they process and assemble, they also manufacture key components. They also have unparalleled heavy industries such as petrochemical and mechanical industries, automobiles, shipbuilding and aerospace manufacturing.
Most of Vietnam's manufacturing industry is still in the product processing and assembly areas, as these areas rely on large amounts of manpower. Human resources in Vietnam are relatively cheap. This is why Vietnam attracts a lot of external investment.
Human beings are made in hierarchies. There are products with short industrial chains, such as clothing, and there are also products with long industrial chains, such as cars and mobile phones.
If you don't quite understand, I provide two pictures to illustrate this point.
2. 领域
中国的工业非常全面。他们不仅进行加工和组装，还制造关键部件。他们还拥有无与伦比的重工业，如石化和机械工业、汽车、造船和航空航天制造。
越南制造业大部分仍处于产品加工和组装领域，因为这些领域依赖大量的人力。越南的人力资源相对便宜。这就是越南吸引大量外部投资的原因。
人类的工业是有层次的。有产业链短的产品，比如服装，也有产业链长的产品，比如汽车、手机。
如果你不太明白，我提供两张图来说明这一点。
图1：一条牛仔裤在越南和中国的区别
图2：一台智能手机中国和越南的区别
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
China is the only country in the world that has all human industrial types announced by the United Nations.
中国是世界上唯一拥有联合国公布的全部人类工业类型的国家。
中国是世界上唯一拥有联合国公布的全部人类工业类型的国家。
3. Technology
Vietnam's manufacturing industry basically remains at a low-tech level. Vietnam already has a large number of workers but lacks senior engineers, researchers and experts.
Vietnam's manufacturing industry relies almost entirely on foreign technology, with foreign companies developing technology, manufacturing and assembly in Vietnam. This is very similar to China 30 years ago. At that time, China was also full of processing plants of foreign companies, but they did not have much of their own technology.
But in China today, manufacturing technology has reached the world's top level. But their technical areas are very complete. They compete with the United States in semiconductors, South Korea in display panels and fine chemicals, Germany in machinery manufacturing, and Japan in automobile manufacturing. They have all the technological fields that the world's top industrial countries have. Although in some areas, it has not yet reached its peak.
3、技术
越南制造业基本停留在低技术水平。越南已经拥有大量工人，但缺乏高级工程师、研究人员和专家。
越南制造业几乎完全依赖外国技术，外国公司在越南开发技术、制造和组装。这与30年前的中国非常相似。当时中国也布满了外国公司的加工厂，但他们并没有多少自己的技术。
但如今的中国，制造技术已经达到世界顶尖水平。但他们的技术领域非常齐全。他们在半导体领域与美国竞争，在显示面板和精细化学品领域与韩国竞争，在机械制造领域与德国竞争，在汽车制造领域与日本竞争。他们拥有世界顶级工业国家所拥有的所有技术领域。尽管在某些地区，还没有达到顶峰。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Vietnam's manufacturing industry basically remains at a low-tech level. Vietnam already has a large number of workers but lacks senior engineers, researchers and experts.
Vietnam's manufacturing industry relies almost entirely on foreign technology, with foreign companies developing technology, manufacturing and assembly in Vietnam. This is very similar to China 30 years ago. At that time, China was also full of processing plants of foreign companies, but they did not have much of their own technology.
But in China today, manufacturing technology has reached the world's top level. But their technical areas are very complete. They compete with the United States in semiconductors, South Korea in display panels and fine chemicals, Germany in machinery manufacturing, and Japan in automobile manufacturing. They have all the technological fields that the world's top industrial countries have. Although in some areas, it has not yet reached its peak.
3、技术
越南制造业基本停留在低技术水平。越南已经拥有大量工人，但缺乏高级工程师、研究人员和专家。
越南制造业几乎完全依赖外国技术，外国公司在越南开发技术、制造和组装。这与30年前的中国非常相似。当时中国也布满了外国公司的加工厂，但他们并没有多少自己的技术。
但如今的中国，制造技术已经达到世界顶尖水平。但他们的技术领域非常齐全。他们在半导体领域与美国竞争，在显示面板和精细化学品领域与韩国竞争，在机械制造领域与德国竞争，在汽车制造领域与日本竞争。他们拥有世界顶级工业国家所拥有的所有技术领域。尽管在某些地区，还没有达到顶峰。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
4. Talent
China has 4.7 million STEM graduates every year, most of whom will enter the manufacturing industry. By comparison, there are only 560,000 in the United States and 13,000 in Vietnam.
4、人才
中国每年有470万STEM毕业生，其中大部分将进入制造业。相比之下，美国只有56万，越南只有1.3万。
China has 4.7 million STEM graduates every year, most of whom will enter the manufacturing industry. By comparison, there are only 560,000 in the United States and 13,000 in Vietnam.
4、人才
中国每年有470万STEM毕业生，其中大部分将进入制造业。相比之下，美国只有56万，越南只有1.3万。
评论翻译
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Hunter
· Dec 22
Though Vietnam is 20 25 years behind China in all respects you have to give them credit for “rising from the ashes” for another American F.. k Up. & Another lost war ‼️
尽管越南在各方面都落后中国20-25年，但你必须赞扬他们“浴火重生”，又一个美国的失败案例&又一场失败的战争‼️
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Paolo Carpi
· Dec 23
And The French before US and China after US. Strong people indeed.
法国在美国之前，中国在美国之后。他们确实是坚强的人。
Profile photo for Peter YK
Peter YK
· Dec 24
Well done piece of article!
这篇文章干得好！
Carlos Botero
· Dec 26
Those low GDP numbers are fake! (on purpose, of course). I bet that’s what liars like the IMF (International Monetary Fraud) and the WB (World Bank.ster) are telling everybody…
A better source:
“GDP in China is estimated to be $25.658 trillion international dollars at the end of 2022.”
from: PPP on World Economics
And industrial output in China is proportionally higher, like half of the economy. But when liars in economic zioAgencies measure economic output, they purposefully underestimate industrial output and overvalue the financial sectors and the sector of services. They even include prostitution in the economic output! Everything is fair game to inflate western statistics…
那些低GDP数字是假的！ （当然是故意的）。我敢打赌，这就是国际货币基金组织（国际货币欺诈）和世界银行（世界银行.ster）等骗子告诉所有人的……
更好的来源：
“到 2022 年底，中国 GDP 预计将达到 25.658 万亿美元。”
来自：PPP 世界经济
中国的工业产值比例更高，相当于经济的一半。但当经济机构中的骗子衡量经济产出时，他们故意低估工业产出，高估金融部门和服务业。他们甚至将卖YIN纳入经济产出！一切都是夸大西方统计数据的公平游戏……
Louis Lim
· Dec 27
Very good comment and comprehensive comparison descxtion of the difference bewteen Chinese and Vietnamese manufacturing capacities. Most informatve, Thank you!
很好的评论，对中国和越南制造能力的差异进行了全面的比较描述。最详细的信息，谢谢！
Smilifelia
· Dec 27
you are a very good man，, you bravely told the truth, so much real data.
If you just look at the media, you would think that Vietnam has begun to replace China's position.
你是一个非常好的人，你勇敢的说出了真相，如此多真实的数据。
如果只看媒体，会以为越南已经开始取代中国的地位了
Felix Su
·
Also only the products that require manual processing and cheap is moving to Vietnam. The rest is staying in China as China is heavily using robots to manufacture goods.
此外，只有需要手工加工且价格便宜的产品才会转移到越南。其余的则留在中国，因为中国大量使用机器人来制造商品。
Out Spoken
·
What industry will replace the jobs that are be robotized. Or will there be a program to take the profits and create a welfare type state?
哪些行业将取代被机器人化的工作。或者是否会有一个计划来获取利润并创建一个福利型国家？
Albert Ma
·
Plenty. Off the top of my head:
Semiconductors
Pharma
Aerospace
Automotive
Solar
Software
And of course, you have heard about China’s low fertility rates, no? Robots help greatly when the work force begins to shrink
很多。我的头顶上浮现出：
半导体
制药公司
航天
汽车
太阳的
软件
当然，你也听说过中国的低生育率，不是吗？当劳动力开始萎缩时，机器人会发挥很大作用
·
Those low value jobs are what keep the less educated in employment. Good to lose the environmentally damaging jobs but bad to lose the low skill jobs.
正是这些低价值的工作让受教育程度较低的人得以就业。失去对环境有害的工作是好事，但失去低技能工作则不好。
Joseph Wang
·
At that point you try to create enough decent jobs in services to keep everyone employed.
到那时，你会尝试在服务业创造足够的体面就业机会，让每个人都有就业机会。
Alvin Lee
·
Many industryrevolutions in the past centuries we have heard of machine will take over human jobs and people will run out of jobs. But to the contrary, more new kind of jobs were created and human work force are always lack of labour. Human can always invent new friendly jobs for human and innovators can invent much relaxing jobs for low skill labour group. Stop worrying about losing jobs. This phrase of human losing jobs is not new in this new AI age.
在过去的几个世纪里，我们听说过许多行业革命，机器将取代人类的工作，人们将失业。但相反，更多新的就业岗位被创造出来，而人类劳动力却始终缺乏劳动力。人类总是可以为人类发明新的友好工作，创新者可以为低技能劳动力群体发明更多轻松的工作。别再担心失去工作了。在这个新的人工智能时代，人类失业这句话并不新鲜。
Michael Furlong
·
I agree to an extent. Low skilled workers can now pick up trash, maintain parks and gardens, and provide cheap labour for general maintenance.
However, in all countries so far the loss of low skill labour jobs has resulted in large scale unemployment, low prospects of improvement, the destruction of the working class mentality, and greater accumulation of wealth in the managerial class.
The unemployed are then allowed to rot either with or without benefits.
I agree that this doesn’t have to be the case. Improving access to education and a government that pays people not to lounge about on benefits but instead to look after their own communities would result in a much better society than anything that has come before . . . but that requires an altruistic and competent society + government.
I know China has such a government, do we?
我在一定程度上同意。低技能工人现在可以捡垃圾、维护公园和花园，并为一般维护提供廉价劳动力。
但是，到目前为止，在所有国家，低技能劳动力工作岗位的流失都导致了大规模的劳动力流失。失业改善前景渺茫、工人阶级心态遭到破坏、管理阶层财富积累更多。
然后，失业者就会只能去死，无论有没有福利。
我同意情况不一定如此。改善受教育的机会，以及政府付钱给人们，让他们不要闲逛，而是要照顾自己的社区，这将带来一个比以往任何时候都更好的社会。 。 。但这需要一个无私且有能力的社会+政府。
我知道中国有这样的政府，我们有吗？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Ryan Li
·
True.
Some years ago, I read that China has a significant advantage in manufacturing due to well-supported supply chain hubs and matching infrastructure for movement of goods.
What are your thoughts on Vietnam’s capability in these areas?
确实如此。
几年前，我了解到，由于支持良好的供应链中心和匹配的货物运输基础设施，中国在制造业方面具有显著优势。
您对越南在这些领域的能力有何看法？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处