The breakthrough that allowed an initial group of foreign nationals, including US citizens, to depart Gaza on Wednesday came together after weeks of intensive, multi-party diplomatic efforts, sources familiar with the negotiations told CNN.
The agreement to allow foreign passport holders and a group of critically injured civilians to depart through the Rafah border crossing was reached on Tuesday, prior to the Israeli forces’ bombing of Gaza’s largest refugee camp.
Qatar, which coordinated with the United States, was the key broker of the deal between Israel, Egypt, and Hamas, according to sources familiar with the talks.

据熟悉谈判的消息人士告诉CNN，经过数周的密集、多方面的外交努力，包括美国公民在内的第一批外国人于周三离开加沙地带的突破取得了成功。允许持有外国护照和一群重伤平民通过拉法走廊边境离开的协议是在以色列军队轰炸加沙最大难民营之前于周二达成的。 据熟悉谈判的消息人士称，协调与美国合作的卡塔尔是以色列、埃及和哈马斯之间达成协议的关键经纪人。

The development was hailed as a critical first step in getting thousands of foreign nationals out of the war-torn strip as Israel intensifies its military operations there. Though US officials have stressed that the situation remains fluid, they have expressed optimism that hundreds more will be able to depart in the coming days.
The negotiations were consistently described as immensely complicated, and the breakthrough came after “intense and urgent American diplomacy with our partners in the region,” President Joe Biden said Wednesday.
Negotiators had to contend with Hamas’ control of the Gaza strip, Israel’s blockade and bombing, as well as Egyptian security concerns.

这一进展被誉为使数千名外国公民脱离战乱地带的关键第一步，同时以色列加大了对该地区的军事行动。尽管美国官员强调局势仍然不确定，但他们对未来几天有数百人能够离开表示乐观。 谈判被一致描述为极其复杂，而这一突破是在“美国与地区合作伙伴进行了紧张而迫切的外交”之后取得的，乔·拜登总统在周三表示。 谈判代表们不得不应对哈马斯对加沙地带的控制、以色列的封锁和轰炸，以及埃及的安全问题。

Leading up to Wednesday, there had been a number of moments where US officials thought they would be able to get the Americans out, and the State Department had advised Americans to consider making their way toward the crossing. Those ultimately fell through, leading to frustration, fear, and confusion for the hundreds of US citizens trapped in Gaza.
US officials, led by Ambassador David Satterfield, engaged in on-the-ground diplomacy in both Israel and Egypt, but relied on partner countries to communicate with Hamas.
“We’re dealing with Israel, Egypt, and Hamas, and we’re not talking directly to Hamas, Egypt can send messages to Hamas, Qatar can send messages to Hamas. But you can imagine how difficult every little thing is, every bit of this is complicated,” a State Department spokesperson said last week.

在周三之前的一段时间里，美国官员曾多次认为他们能够将美国人带离该地区，国务院曾建议美国人考虑前往边境口岸。然而，这些努力最终没有成功，导致被困在加沙地带的数百名美国公民感到失望、恐惧和困惑。美国官员，由大使大卫·萨特菲尔德领导，在以色列和埃及进行了现场外交活动，但依赖于合作伙伴国家与哈马斯进行沟通。 “我们正在处理以色列、埃及和哈马斯，我们并没有直接与哈马斯对话，埃及可以向哈马斯传达信息，卡塔尔也可以向哈马斯传达信息。但你可以想象每一个小事情有多么困难，这一切都很复杂。”国务院发言人上周表示。

At the outset of the negotiations, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi insisted that humanitarian aid make its way into Gaza before Egypt would consider letting civilians depart. Egypt had also made clear they would not accept a flood of refugees.
Since Hamas’ attack on Israel on October 7, Egyptian officials have expressed serious concerns about a scenario where Palestinians in Gaza are permanently displaced to Egypt. That anxiety had been a major complicating factor, as negotiations in part centered around Hamas’ request to allow wounded Palestinians to leave Gaza, two sources familiar said.

在谈判开始时，埃及总统阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·塞西坚持要求在考虑让平民离开之前，人道主义援助必须进入加沙地带。埃及还明确表示他们不会接受大量难民。自哈马斯于10月7日对以色列发动攻击以来，埃及官员对加沙巴勒斯坦人永久流离到埃及的情景表达了严重关切。这种担忧是一个主要的复杂因素，因为据两位知情人士透露，谈判部分围绕着哈马斯要求允许受伤的巴勒斯坦人离开加沙展开。

Hamas insisted that wounded Palestinians be able to leave alongside foreign nationals. Notably, the group wanted some of its own fighters to be included in the group of injured allowed into Egypt – a demand that was rejected, a senior US official said.
However, the US supported allowing injured civilians to depart and seek medical care, and a significant part of the US’s diplomatic efforts focused on convincing Israel to accept a list of wounded people that could leave, the official said.

哈马斯坚持要求受伤的巴勒斯坦人能够与外国公民一起离开。值得注意的是，该组织希望将一些自己的战斗人员包括在被允许进入埃及的受伤人员名单中，但这一要求被拒绝，一位美国高级官员表示。 然而，美国支持允许受伤平民离开并寻求医疗救治，美国的外交努力的一个重要部分是努力说服以色列接受可以离开的受伤人员名单，这位官员表示。

Concerns about Palestinian displacement was a topic of discussion for Biden and Sisi – the leaders agreed that it was important to ensure that “Palestinians in Gaza are not displaced to Egypt or any other nation,” the White House said over the weekend.
As negotiations progressed and aid trucks were able to cross into Gaza, Egypt became a more cooperative player. According to one source, Egyptian officials had asked US officials for lists of American citizens and relatives who are seeking to leave Gaza. Miller said Wednesday that Cairo had “agreed to the transit people through Rafah some number of weeks ago, and it’s taken this long to actually make it a reality.”

对于巴勒斯坦人流离失所的担忧是拜登和塞西讨论的话题之一，两位领导人都认为重要的是确保“加沙的巴勒斯坦人不会流离到埃及或其他任何国家”，白宫上周末表示。 随着谈判的进展和援助卡车能够进入加沙地带，埃及成为一个更具合作性的参与者。据一位消息人士透露，埃及官员曾要求美国官员提供试图离开加沙的美国公民和他们的亲属名单。米勒在周三表示，开罗“几周前同意通过拉法赫（边境口岸）转运人员，但实际上花了这么长时间才将其变为现实”。

It was Hamas, according to US officials, that was obstructing any movement. State Department spokesperson Matt Miller said last week that “at times, Hamas has had no one there manning the border station,” and “at other times, we have seen Hamas militants actively there with guns preventing people from approaching the crossing.”
National security adviser Jake Sullivan said on Sunday that Hamas had been “making a series of demands” to allow departures but would not go into details.
Still, over the weekend, a deal looked to be within reach. Biden again got on the phone with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Sisi on Sunday to discuss the details of a possible agreement deal, officials told CNN.

根据美国官员的说法，哈马斯是阻碍任何行动的一方。国务院发言人马特·米勒上周表示，“有时候，哈马斯没有人在那里管理边境站”，“另一些时候，我们看到哈马斯激进分子带着枪积极地阻止人们接近过境点。” 国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文周日表示，哈马斯一直在“提出一系列要求”以允许离开，但不愿透露详细信息。 然而，整个周末，一项协议似乎即将达成。官员告诉CNN，拜登周日再次与以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡和塞西进行了电话交流，讨论可能协议的细节。
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On Monday, Secretary of State Antony blxen spoke by phone with his Qatari counterpart Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani and strongly pressed him to push Hamas to accept the deal.
And it was the next day that the US “got to the point where we were able to feel confident that we could get American citizens out,” Miller said Wednesday.
The Hamas-controlled border authority is overseeing the departure of civilians through the Rafah gate on the Gaza side, as they did prior to the attack on October 7.
Approximately 400 American citizens and their family members – about 1,000 people total – are stuck in Gaza and are seeking to leave, as well as approximately 5,000 other foreign nationals, blxen said on Tuesday.
Biden said Wednesday that as many as 1,000 more foreign nationals could depart soon via the Rafah crossing.

周一，国务卿安东尼·布林肯与卡塔尔的对应方穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜勒拉赫曼·赛义德进行了电话交谈，并强烈敦促他推动哈马斯接受协议。 米勒周三表示，就在第二天，美国“已经到了我们能够确信我们可以让美国公民离开的地步”。 哈马斯控制的边境管理机构正在负责通过加沙一侧的拉法赫口岸安排平民离开，就像在10月7日袭击之前一样。 布林肯周二表示，大约有400名美国公民及其家属（总共约1000人）被滞留在加沙，并寻求离开，还有大约5000名其他外国公民。 拜登周三表示，最多还会有1000名外国公民通过拉法赫过境口岸很快离开。