我们的(美国)政府是故意让我们中的一部分人无家可归吗?（二）
Was our government intentionally designed to keep a certain portion of us homeless? (USA)
译文简介
网友：在美国，无家可归的人最好去哪里？我无法谈论整个美国的情况，我无家可归的经历仅限于得克萨斯州。从长远来看，小城镇并不好。虽然这些城镇里有善良慷慨的人，但他们通常在宗教或政治上非常保守，或者两者兼而有之。这意味着社会对无家可归者的看法倾向于，好吧，我们现在帮助你了......
正文翻译
Was our government intentionally designed to keep a certain portion of us homeless? (USA)
我们的政府是故意让我们中的一部分人无家可归吗?(美国)
我们的政府是故意让我们中的一部分人无家可归吗?(美国)
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Where is the best place to be homeless in the USA?
Can't speak about the USA as a whole. My experience with being homeless is limited to the state of Texas. Small towns are not good for the long term. While there are kind and generous people in these towns they are usually very religious or politically conservative or both. Meaning that the social view of homelessness leans towards, okay, we helped you now move on. Law enforcement officials in small towns have nothing better to do and you can find yourself the unwanted center of their attention real quick. They also have fewer resources allocated for the homeless or people in need of local government assistance. You're an outsider in a place where everyone knows everyone. Their help for you is going to be limited. Of course the exception is if you are a local and then they will expect more from you.
Big cities are better resource wise, but you have to realize that you're going to be competing for those resources with those who are already living there,living in poverty. This is where faith based organizations step in , but unless they're receiving matching funds from the government they can pick and choose who they help and how much. Large cities are easier to blend into but homeless people tend to have a herd mentality which tends to work against them. Home owners and business leaders get tired of trash, fighting and crime in general and law enforcement officials have no choice but to step up and take action. There are more shelters if you're interested in that but again it's a numbers game. Big cities are full of homeless people.
在美国，无家可归的人最好去哪里？
我无法谈论整个美国的情况，我无家可归的经历仅限于得克萨斯州。从长远来看，小城镇并不好。虽然这些城镇里有善良慷慨的人，但他们通常在宗教或政治上非常保守，或者两者兼而有之。这意味着社会对无家可归者的看法倾向于，好吧，我们现在帮助你了。小城镇的执法官员没有更好的事情可做，你很快就会发现自己成为他们不想要的焦点。他们为无家可归者或需要地方政府援助的人分配的资源也较少。在这个人人相互认识的地方，你是个局外人。他们对你的帮助将是有限的。当然，如果你是当地人，他们会对你寄予更高的期望。
大城市的资源更丰富，但你必须意识到，你将与那些已经生活在那里、生活在贫困中的人竞争这些资源。这是基于信仰的组织介入的地方，但除非他们从政府获得相应的资金，他们才可以选择去帮助谁以及选择帮助多少人。大城市更容易融入，但无家可归的人往往有从众心理，这往往对他们不利。房主和商界领袖普遍厌倦了垃圾、打架和犯罪，执法官员别无选择，只能采取行动。如果你感兴趣的话，还有更多的避难所，但这也是一场数字游戏，毕竟大城市到处都是无家可归的人。
I must give credit to the end of my being homeless to two people who you wouldn't have ever suspected help from. And I don't mean they put a few bucks in my pocket or a meal or two. No these folks literally adopted me. Opened their house to me, gave me a car, not lent, gave it to me. I still have it. They made sure that I had everything I needed. More than my family ever did. What's more is they also helped some of my homeless friends. Granted this is not going to happen for everyone, but I feel that it could have only happened in Austin. Thanks Gerald and Laneda, RIP! Because of their overwhelming kindness other things fell into place for me.
Which I would be remiss if I didn't say that you can make it anywhere, it's how you handle yourself. If you're really trying to help yourself people in general will be more inclined to help. But Austin, Texas is my recommendation. It's just a really cool, culturally diverse not so small,small town full of surprises and opportunities.
当我无家可归时，每个人都说去奥斯汀。当我问为什么时，大家达成了普遍共识。奥斯汀是得克萨斯州的首府。是的，得克萨斯州是一个非常保守的州，但得克萨斯州的奥斯汀是一个很自由的城市。这是一个非常有钱的自由城市。金钱意味着资源。那里人民的慷慨程度令人震惊，跨越了所有社会阶层和收入阶层。如果你表现得彬彬有礼，保持风度，这在那里很容易做到。有人说，如果你在奥斯汀又饿又脏，那是因为你自己的选择。奥斯丁的人是一群了不起的人的混合体。我遇到了更多善良、慷慨、真诚关心他人福祉的人，而不是那些彻头彻尾的混蛋。
我必须把我无家可归的结局归功于两个你从未怀疑会得到帮助的人。我并不是说他们在我口袋里放了几块钱或一两顿饭。不，这些人真的收养了我。他们向我开放了他们的房子，给了我一辆车，不是借，是给我的。我还留着它。他们确保我拥有我需要的一切。比我的家人做的还要多。更重要的是，他们还帮助了我的一些无家可归的朋友。当然，这不会发生在每个人身上，但我觉得这只可能发生在奥斯汀。谢谢Gerald和Laneda，安息吧！因为他们无比的善良，其他的事情对我来说都很到位。
如果我没有说你可以在任何地方成功，那我就是疏忽了，这就是你如何管理自己。如果你真的想帮助自己，人们通常会更倾向于帮助你。但我推荐德克萨斯州的奥斯汀。这是一个非常酷、文化多样的小镇，不是很小，但充满惊喜和机会。
What keeps people homeless?
Mostly people refusing to employ you because you are homeless.
Ever tried to get a job without a car? A lot of employers feel entitled to have employees who do have cars, yet employers refuse to pay but instead expecting you to work for the same as other people at similar jobs without cars.
Ever tried to get a job without access to a shower. It won’t occur to an employer that you might need a job to get to a shower.
Ever tried to get a job while hungry? It might not occur to the employer that you might need a job to buy food so you can answer questions in the interview well
是什么让人们无家可归？
大多数人因为你无家可归而拒绝雇用你。
有没有试过在没有车的情况下找工作？很多雇主觉得有权雇佣有车的员工，然而，雇主拒绝支付过多的工资，而是希望你的工资和其他从事类似工作但没有车的人一样。
有没有试过找一份没有淋浴设施的工作。雇主不会想到你可能需要一份工作才能去洗澡。
有没有试过饿着肚子找工作?雇主可能不会想到，你可能需要一份工作来买食物，这样你才能在面试中很好地回答问题
Why is homelessness such a problem in U.S. cities?
In a nutshell, the primary causes are rooted in “urban renewal” projects in the 1970s.
First, there was “deinstitutionalization” where many people were released from mental health facilities if they didn’t pose a danger to the public. These people had to compete with existing poor people for low cost housing.
Next was property inspection. Many sub-standard housing units were condemned. A particular target were “flophouses” or hotels that catered to long term residents. Many of these residences were old and couldn’t be brought up to standards without massive investment. Most of them survive as high-end hotels after full renovation.
Next was urban renewal, where existing low cost but condemned housing was torn down to make room for new apartments. However, that meant many people were displaced in the meantime and, as it turns out, there was a net loss of housing.
Then there was gentrification. As neighbourhoods became “nicer” more people with money started moving in, displacing existing residents and commanding higher rents. Things like rooming houses became illegal or too expensive to modify to bring them up to code.
There are issues that are city specific. For example, in New York City, it’s very expensive to evict a sitting tenant, so many owners would rather let rental housing sit empty. It’s viable because street level retail can pay the mortgage on an entire building. Those owners are hoping to sell to a developer who can put larger buildings on the site.
Here in Toronto, we’re massively overbuilt given the average household size.
为什么无家可归在美国城市如此严重?
简言之，主要原因是1970年代的“城市更新”项目。
首先，出现了“去机构化”，许多人如果不会对公众构成危险，就会被从精神卫生机构释放。这些人不得不与现有的穷人竞争廉价住房。
接下来是财产检查。许多不符合标准的住房被征用。一个特别的目标是为长期居民提供服务的“廉价旅馆”或酒店。这些住宅中的许多都很旧，如果没有大量投资，就无法达到标准。它们中的大多数在经过全面翻新后仍作为高端酒店存在。
接下来是城市更新，现有的低成本但被废弃的住房被拆除，为新公寓腾出空间。然而，这意味着许多人在此期间流离失所，事实证明，住房净损失。
然后是绅士化。随着街区变得“更好”，越来越多的有钱人开始搬进来，取代了现有居民，并收取了更高的租金。像出租房子这样的事情变得非法，或者太贵了，无法修改以使其符合规范。
有些问题是城市特有的。例如，在纽约市，驱逐现有租户的成本非常高，因此许多业主宁愿出租房屋空置。这是可行的，因为街道零售可以支付整栋楼的抵押贷款。这些业主希望把房子卖给能够在这块土地上建造更大建筑的开发商。
在多伦多，考虑到平均家庭规模，我们的建筑严重过剩。
Why doesn't the US do more to house the homeless?
A homeless individual will almost always qualify for housing assistance in some form or another. The problem isn’t the homeless individual trying to do the right thing…it’s the money. The government really, really, really wants to house the homeless —— because the average costs of someone homeless making frequent visits to the Emergency Room, is actually higher than he cost of housing the homeless person.
Generally, those who are homeless have faced something that in the end led to them being homeless. The incident that led to homelessness is as important as having a place to live. How can a homeless person get cleaned up togo to a job interview, having just rolled out of a ditch where’d they were sleeping.
Affordable Housing has been around for awhile, but it’s not that easy to regulate.
VASH is the U.S. military Veteran’s equivalant.
SSVF is the VoA (Volunteers of America) equivilant.
为什么美国不为无家可归者提供更多的住房？
无家可归的人几乎总是有资格获得某种形式的住房援助。问题不在于无家可归的人试图做正确的事情…而是钱。政府真的，真的，非常想为无家可归的人提供住房——因为无家可归者经常去急诊室的平均费用实际上高于为无家可归者提供住房的费用。
一般来说，那些无家可归的人都面临着一些最终导致他们无家可归的事情。导致无家可归的事件和有地方住一样重要。一个无家可归的人怎么可能从他们睡觉的水沟里滚出来，然后被清理干净去面试呢?
经济适用房已经存在了一段时间，但监管起来并不是那么容易。
退伍军人事务支持性住房（ VASH）凭证是美国退伍军人的等价物。
SSVF（SSVF 500是美国政府设立的一个致力于帮助无家可归者的计划）相当于美国志愿者（VoA）。
Great for the person trying to better their life. You can see that the landlord who wants to make money would probably rather bring someone in to rent at $3,000/m. They’ve (not so nice landlords) will do things like:
Turn a blind eye to a low income tenants maintanance requests so they can justify getting the low income tenant out of the housing.
Make the low income tenant uncomfortable so they will go away.
Cause problems and nail the consequences on the tenant, causing them to violate their lease, now they can remove the low income tenant out, real easy. No problem.
There are too many scenarios to list here. So, when you ask, “why” you aren’t asking the right thing. The government does want the homeless to get off the sidewalks and out of the parks.
在丹佛，住房入住率为97%。这使得“负担得起的”住房的价格对于无家可归者或有无家可归风险的人来说太高了，即使有补贴。众所周知，房东们为了把低收入居民赶出去，使出了各种各样的绝招。如果你整个一月赚了100美元，你的租金将是30美元。
对于想要改善生活的人来说，这是件好事。你可以看到，想赚钱的房东可能更愿意让人来租房，租金是3000美元/平方米。他们(不太好的房东)会做这样的事情:
对低收入租户的维修请求视而不见，这样他们就有理由把低收入房客赶出房子。
让低收入租户感到不舒服，这样他们就会离开。
制造问题，让租户承担后果，导致他们违反租约，现在他们可以把低收入租户赶出去，真的很容易，都不是问题。
这里有太多的场景无法列出。所以，当你问“为什么”的时候，你并没有问对问题。政府确实希望无家可归的人离开人行道，离开公园。
How did homeless US military veterans end up homeless and what could have been done to help prevent it?
I'm going to tell the story of a retired Army E-8 who I met while I was still on active duty. He had served honorably for nearly 30 years of his life, from age 18 to 48. During that time, he was provided housing, meals, & uniforms (by way of monetary allowances), had a work schedule, was told when to take his vacations, etc. Now…30 years later, he was on his own. ON. HIS. OWN!!!
Straight out of high school (his parents' house) into the military, and he had never experienced job-hunting, apartment shopping, wardrobe coordinating, etc. He had become so “institutionalized” that he was totally unable to function without those strict measures. He had become an alcoholic and was in rehab.
His goal after completion of the program? To do whatever it took to be arrested and end up in jail, so he would receive “3 hots and a cot” (for those not understanding military jargon, that is 3 meals a day and somewhere to sleep). Otherwise, he would live on the streets. So sad!
无家可归的美国退伍军人是如何无家可归的?我们本可以做些什么来防止这种情况的发生?
我要讲一个退役的陆军E-8的故事，我在服役期间遇到了他。从18岁到48岁，他光荣地服役了近30年。在这段时间里，他得到了食宿和制服(通过货币津贴的方式)，有工作时间表，被告知什么时候休假，等等。现在，30年后，他只能靠自己了。是，就是只能靠他自己。
高中(住他父母家)一毕业就参军了，他从来没有经历过找工作、买房子、整理衣柜等等。他已经变得非常“制度化”，如果没有这些严格的措施，他完全无法工作。他成了酒鬼，正在康复中心。
他完成康复项目后的目标是什么?不惜一切代价被捕入狱，这样他就能得到“3 hot and a cot”(对那些不懂军事术语的人来说，就是一日三餐和有地方睡觉)。否则，他将流落街头，非常悲伤!
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
How does Singapore deal with the homeless and the poor?
If you go to the parks and beaches, especially in the evenings, you might see people camped out. It's not always hard to tell which are families camping for leisure and which are families who are homeless.
There are homeless shelters in the country that provide space for families. I recently spoke to two families who told me that the shelter they lived in was a 3-room (2 bedrooms + hall) flat that had 3 families living in it: about a total of 15 people.
Then for those who wait there is subsidised rental housing, where your rent in a public housing flat is subsidised and pitched according to your household income.
I have heard from various people that there is social support but it can be difficult; you have to be very persistent and deal with being bounced from one department to another to get things sorted out. And sometimes the offices can be quite rude: a woman once told me about being asked to pawn all her jewellery (which were actually fake gold-plated ones) before they would help her.
新加坡如何应对无家可归者和穷人的问题？
如果你去公园和海滩，尤其是在晚上，你可能会看到人们在外面露营。要分辨哪些是休闲露营的家庭，哪些是无家可归的家庭并不难。
这个国家有一些无家可归者收容所，为家庭提供空间。我最近和两个家庭谈过，他们告诉我，他们住的庇护所是一套3室（2间卧室+大厅）的公寓，里面住着3个家庭：总共约有15人。
对于那些等待的人来说，还有租赁住房方面的补贴，公屋单位的租金会根据你的家庭收入而厘定。
我从很多人那里听说，有社会支持，但这可能很困难；你必须非常坚持，应付从一个部门跳到另一个部门的情况，把事情整理好。有时办公室人员可能很粗鲁：一位女士曾告诉我，在他们帮助她之前，她被要求典当所有的珠宝（实际上是镀金的）。
How did homeless US military veterans end up homeless and what could have been done to help prevent it?
When soldiers return from active duty near a battlefront, many of them frequently return to civilian life lacking the social skills to succeed, and/or the mental health to carry on with a productive life. This has been observed ever since the Pelaponnesian Wars. It has been estimated that as many as ten percent of American soldiers, fighting on the front in the twentieth century wars, have been affected in some degree by these disabilities.
Mental health is given short shrift in the Service, before or after your tour of duty. Requesting help with such problems is a career buster, and it will definitely get you drummed out if you are just an enlisted man.
无家可归的美国退伍军人是如何无家可归的？本可以采取什么措施来防止这种情况的发生？
当士兵从前线附近的现役部队退役时，他们中的许多人回到平民生活后，往往缺乏取得成功所需的社交技能，也(或)缺乏继续过生产性生活所需的心理健康。伯罗奔尼萨战争(Peloponnesian War) 以来，这种现象就一直存在。据估计，在20世纪的战争中，在前线作战的美国士兵中，有多达10%的人在某种程度上受到这些残疾的影响。
在服役期间，无论是在你执行任务之前还是之后，心理健康都不受重视。在这些问题上寻求帮助是一种职业生涯的破坏者，如果你只是一名士兵，它肯定会让你被淘汰。
Why is homelessness such a problem in U.S. cities?
IMHO, regardless of what you hear, the problem is more complex than most would think. There are 2 sides (not politically) … the housing availability/cost … and the people in need of housing.
You will hear some decry cities like San Francisco with regulations out the wazoo and rich folks keeping it near impossible to build any housing much less affordable housing. While this is true, it is only a part of the problem (the supply of housing side). While steps could be taken to increase the availability of affordable housing, too many folks are in an all or nothing scenario. Our gov’t near Raleigh, NC is converting a facility that owned something like 400 acres in prime territory. The same folks who scream about “affordable housing” want the whole thing turned into a park. You could turn it into a 50 acre park, and sell the rest off to developers with the caveat that they must create x% as affordable housing units. A park (albeit smaller) … affordable housing … and much more money in the gov’t coffers. But that’s not good enough.
The other part is people. Homeless people fall into many categories …
为什么无家可归在美国城市如此严重?
恕我直言，不管你听到什么，问题比大多数人想象的要复杂。有两个方面（不是政治方面）：住房可用性/成本和需要住房的人。
你会听到一些人谴责像旧金山这样的城市，因为他们的规定太苛刻了，富人几乎不可能建造任何负担得起的住房。虽然这是真的，但这只是问题的一部分（住房供应方面）。虽然可以采取措施增加供应经济适用房，但太多的人处于全有或全无的境地。我们位于北卡罗来纳州罗利市附近的政府正在改造一个拥有大约400英亩黄金地段的设施。那些喊着“经济适用房”的人想把整个地方变成公园。你可以把它变成一个50英亩的公园，然后把剩下的卖给开发商，前提是他们必须建造x%的经济适用房。这样有了一个公园（虽然更小），负担得起的住房，以及政府的金库会有更多的钱，但这还不够好。
另一部分是人的数量。无家可归的人可以分为很多类……
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Chemically dependent people who have trashed themselves
Irresponsible people or lazy people
People who try hard but cannot afford housing in a particular area
The current problem is that one political side wants to spend an unlimited amount of money and create housing units for all. If you put people in group 1, 2, or 3 into a housing unit, it will be trashed and uninhabitable in short order.
The other political side wants to reduce red tape which could reduce housing prices (great for group #4) … but again, groups 1 - 3 are still a problem.
Oh, did I mention, that if a city finds a way to house all of the homeless … they will be rewarded with more homeless? Think momentarily like a homeless person with some in tact neurons … hearing that in City A, the homeless are all put in small apartments … and in your city, you struggle on the street every night … where are you going to go?
没有支持系统的精神病患者或智障人士
依赖化学物质的人把自己搞得一团糟
不负责任的人或懒惰的人
努力工作但在某一特定地区买不起房的人
目前的问题是，一方想要花费无限的资金，为所有人建造住房。如果你把第1类、第2类或第3类的人安置在一个住房单元里，住房很快就会被破坏，无法居住。
另一方希望减少繁文缛节，从而降低房价(对第4类来说很好)，但是对第1 - 3类的人来说仍然是一个问题。
哦，我有没有提到，如果一个城市找到了安置所有无家可归者的方法……他们会得到更多无家可归者到来的奖励？暂时像一个拥有正常神经元的无家可归者那样思考……当你听到a市的无家可归者都被安置在小公寓里，而在你所在的城市，你每天晚上都在街上挣扎，你要去哪里?