QA问答：那些学习汉语作为第二语言的人，你们是怎么做到的？
People who learned Chinese as a second language, how did you do it?
译文简介
当你进入一个用象形文字书写，又含有音调语言的领域时，引用爱因斯坦的话，你需要一位哲学家，因为这对数学家来说太难了。
正文翻译
People who learned Chinese as a second language, how did you do it?
那些学习汉语作为第二语言的人，你们是怎么做到的？
那些学习汉语作为第二语言的人，你们是怎么做到的？
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I studied it for four hours daily for one year, then I went to Chinese-language high school and graduated from high school (three years) where the whole curriculum was in Chinese.
Then I spent 10+ years working in Chinese companies where I used Chinese and Putonghua on a daily basis.
我用了一年的时间，每天学习4个小时，然后，我上了中文高中，从高中毕业（三年），那里的全部课程都是中文。
然后，我在中国公司工作了10多年，每天都使用中文和普通话。
That’s not easy to do. I was educated with Chinese language from age of 7 to 16, I live in Singapore, a majority Chinese speaking environment. There are still many Chinese words I don’t know about.
I find it is still easier to learn English than Chinese.
这并不容易。我从7岁到16岁接受汉语教育，我住在新加坡，那里是一个以汉语为主的环境。但是，还有有很多汉字我不认识。
我发现学英语仍然比学汉语容易。
Unless you're one of the top students you're unlikely to touch a Chinese speaking environment. The majority of the people are Chinese but the level of mandarin is low mandarin has only been used for 1 generation. Ending up with a majority having poor skills in several languages
Saying Singapore is Chinese majority speaking is rubbish really …
除非你是顶尖的学生，否则你不太可能接触到讲中文的环境。大部分新加坡人是华人，但普通话水平较低。普通话只使用了一代人。最终，大多数人的几种语言技能都很差。
说新加坡是一个主要讲中文的环境是扯淡。
young gen of sporean , many of them only speak broken chinese.
新加坡的年轻一代，他们中的许多人只会说蹩脚的汉语。
Easier because you likely engage with more Anglophone media.
学英语更容易，是因为你接触到更多的是英语媒体。
Partly true.
I learn my English through my work environment but I watch mainly Chinese programs or Chinese news.
部分确实如此。
我通过工作环境学习英语，但我主要看中文节目或中文新闻。
Are you yourself Chinese? Did you grow in a non-Chinese country where spoke English?
Paul ，你自己不就是中国人吗？你是在一个讲英语的非中国国家长大的？
Paul was born in America
Paul 出生在美国。
Robert Matthews (馬學進)
“使用中文和普通话”？
你的意思是书面汉语和口头汉语吗？我不知道你的意思。
I mean written and spoken because there is so much confusion; I don’t believe there is such thing as spoken Chinese; it is Putonghua.
I don’t like the word Mandarin because I consider it to be a remnant from the colonialism period.
我的意思是书面用语和口头用语，他们之间有不少混同。我不相信有汉语口语这样的说法：这就是普通话（ Putonghua）。
我不喜欢官话（Mandarin）这个词，因为我认为它是殖民主义时期的残余。
Robert Matthews (馬學進)
Türkiye doesn't want to be associated with stupid birds eaten for Christmas and Thanksgiving. The media will eventually respect local preference .
If enough ordinary people insist on using the correct term Pǔtōnghuà, the media may or may not follow suit. I think the key lies with the Chinese government (just like Mumbai and Myanmar).
After all, "Chinese" (not Pǔtōnghuà) is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. "Chinese" covers both written and spoken forms.
I will continue to refer to Pǔtōnghuà and Gwoyeu, but I respect your refusal to use the term Mandarin.
我同意，盎格鲁撒克逊寡头媒体对公众舆论的影响太大，但他们也会随着环境改变。我们现在很少看到缅甸和孟买的消息：缅甸和孟买已经被接管。
土耳其不想把圣诞节和感恩节，与吃一只愚蠢的鸟联系在一起。媒体最终会尊重当地人的偏好。
如果有足够多的普通人，坚持使用正确的术语Pātōnghuà，媒体可能也会随着改变。我认为关键在于中国政府（就像孟买和缅甸一样）。
毕竟，“中文”（不是“普通话”）是联合国的六种官方语言之一。“中文”包括书面形式和口语形式。
我将继续提到Pātōnghuà（普通话）和Gwoyeu（罗马字译音法），但我尊重你拒绝使用Mandarin（官话）一词。
I’m not a hardliner about not using Mandarin; I just think people need to think more about the origin of words and their historical connotations.
对于不使用官话这个词语，我不是一个强硬派。我只是认为，人们需要更多地思考词语的起源及其历史内涵。
What is your first language?
你的第一语言是什么？
Paul's first language was English because he was born in America
保罗的第一语言是英语，因为他出生在美国。
I was born in the US, spoke a little English, then went to Taiwan, forgot my English, spoke Mandarin/Putonghua. Five years old returned to US, went to English-language schools until 13, spoke English only but could understand Mandarin/Putonghua. Went to Taiwan at 13, took one year off to learn Mandarin/Putonghua and build vocabulary, and to read and write Chinese. After one year, went to Chinese-language high school with all-Chinese curriculum. Then university in UK.
I get a little confused about what my first language is because I am comfortable with both Chinese and English. If I chat with Chinese in Putonghua, they don’t know I’m American unless I tell them. Have no trouble with Chinese texting either, including very tight clipped Chinese, which is how most Chinese communicate in writing.
I also have no trouble with English.
Some people ask me which language I think in first? I tell them there is no first; it just comes out in one or the other depending on whom I talk to. There is no translation process internally.
我出生在美国，会说一点英语，然后去了台湾，忘记了英语，学会了说普通话。五岁的时候回到了美国，在英语学校学习到13岁，只会说英语，但能听懂普通话。13岁去了台湾，休学了一年，学习普通话，积累了词汇，会读写中文。一年后，我进入了一所中文高中，学习了所有的中文课程。然后上了英国的大学。
我对我的第一语言有点困惑，因为我对中文和英语都很熟悉。如果我用普通话和中国人聊天，除非我告诉他们，否则他们不会知道我是美国人。发中文短信也没有问题，包括非常少用的中文，发短信息是大多数中国人书面交流的方式。
我的英语也没有问题。
有些人问我首先想到的是哪种语言？我会告诉他们没有第一；它只是根据我与谁交谈而产生的。内部没有翻译过程。
I was introduced to Chinese by a friendly Chinese graduate student, who was tasked with teaching us several chapters in a rather old textbook. Classes weee small, and it was fun to try to speak with someone my own age. So I would recommend finding a small class.. from there I attended an intensive class, we were required to listen and repeat phrases on audio tapes. So I would recommend daily dedication to the study of the language. Third step, after I learned basics, I travelled to China and spent first one year, where I made myself use Chinese for daily communication.
I lived in China for several years, off and on, teaching English and working in an office.. in order to learn a language, you must have an immediate reason to use the language or else you'll soon forget it.
一位友好的中国研究生，向我介绍了中文，他的任务是教我们一本相当古老的教科书中的几章。
课堂很小，如果你试着和同龄的人交谈会很有趣。所以我建议找一个小班……
之后，我参加了一个强化班，我们被要求听录音并重复录音带上的短语。因此，我建议大家每天都致力于语言的学习。
第三步，在我学习了汉语的基础知识后，我去了中国，在第一年里，我让自己在日常交流中使用汉语。
我在中国生活了几年，断断续续，教英语，在办公室工作……为了学习一门语言，你必须有立即使用该语言的理由，否则你很快就会忘记它。
I started college with Asian Studies as my declared major. I figured I should take an Asian language as an elective. Only Chinese was offered. I found it fascinating, and since it was offered as a major, I switched majors and worked as hard at it as anyone majoring in anything in college should do.
我上大学的时候，申报的专业叫：亚洲研究。我想我应该选修一门亚洲语言。中文是唯一的选择。我发现它很吸引人。但是中文也是一个专业，所以，我把自己的专业换成了中文专业。我努力学习中文，像大学里学习其他专业的人一样。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I was living in China, and - of course - I wanted to be as independent as possible:
. travel (including buying tickets, getting off at the correct station, understanding bus routes, etc.)
. walking (I am a keen photographer and bird watcher)
. buy my own food etc.
. understand and by able to apply terms for the weather
. understand China’s geography (names of Provinces, major cities, rivers etc.)
It was a gentle version of “immersion”.
My most intense “complete immersion” experience occurred at HangZhou airport. A freak snow storm descended and closed the airport for 2 days. I decided to turn the frustration and boredom into a learning exercise: for 4 hours the arrivals and departure screens were my tutor.
There was constant scrolling of the cities to which planes connected to HangZhou airport were scheduled to fly. Each flight had been cancelled but each line contained the name of the city in both Chinese and in English. Within a few hours I had memorised the “look” and the names of many of the major cities in China.
A side benefit of learning Chinese was that my understanding of the English language was deepened.
我当时住在中国，我想尽可能的独立：
1、旅行（包括买票、在正确的车站下车、了解公交路线等）
2、散步（我是一个热衷于摄影和观鸟的人）
3、自己买食物等等。
4、了解并能够应用天气条件
5、了解中国的地理（各省、主要城市、河流等的名称）
这是一种温和的“沉浸感”。
我最强烈的“完全沉浸”体验，发生在杭州机场。一场反常的暴风雪降临，机场关闭了两天。我决定把沮丧和无聊变成一种学习练习：在4个小时的时间里，飞机到达和离开屏幕，都是我的导师。
与杭州机场相连的，飞机预定飞往的城市，在屏幕上不断滚动。每个航班都被取消了，但每条线路都有中英文城市名称。不到几个小时，我就记住了中国许多大城市的“模样”和名字。
学习汉语的一个附带好处，是加深了我对英语的理解。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I’ll list all the things I did, from most useful to least.
- Live in China. I mostly avoided getting stuck in the English-speaking foreigner bubbles while I was there.
- Get a Chinese girlfriend.
- Get language exchange partners to practice.
- Practice reading regularly. I now do it daily, but there were years where I neglected this and my Chinese weakened.
- Practice Chinese characters daily by using ANKI flashcard app.
- Create short videos in Chinese. This gives me a chance to review my performance and connect with people online.
- Study in high school and university in Canada.
- Switch my PC and Android settings to Chinese.
- Watch Chinese movies/shows. It helps, but I usually find them boring, so I don’t do this regularly.
- Practice thinking in Chinese only at some times.
- Try to get my wife and kids to speak Chinese in the home (it doesn’t work, but I still try).
- Drink baijiu while talking to Chinese friends. This loosens up the conversation, but alcohol is bad for your health, so I ranked it last.
我会列出我做过的所有事情，从最有用到最没有用。
1、住在中国，当我住在中国的时候，我基本上避免了被困在讲英语的外国人的泡泡里。
2、找个中国女朋友。
3、与语言交流伙伴练习。
4、定期练习阅读。我现在每天都这样做，但有几年我忽略了这一点，我的中文也变弱了。
5、使用ANKI记忆卡应用程序每天练习汉字。
6、制作中文短视频。这让我有机会回顾自己的表现，并在网上与人们建立联系。
7、在加拿大的高中和大学学习。
8、将我的电脑和安卓系统，切换为中文。
9、观看中国电影/节目。这很有帮助，但我通常觉得它们很无聊，所以我不经常这样做。
10、只在某些时候练习用汉语思考。
11、试着让我的妻子和孩子在家里说中文（这不起作用，但我仍然在努力）。
12、一边喝白酒，一边和中国朋友聊天。这让谈话变得轻松，但酒精对你的健康有害，所以我把它排在最后。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I have an interest in chinese mythology, imperial history, cultural aspects and wanted to read the stuff in its original form rather from translations - Though It’s through translations that i met first. It’s still an ongoing process.
我对中国神话、帝国历史、文化方面很感兴趣，我想阅读原始形式的东西，而不是阅读翻译过的东西——尽管我第一次接触的时候，是通过翻译的东西。到现在，这仍然是一个持续的过程。
I studied Chinese for three years in College without much success due to the poor quality of teaching materials and instruction. Then I received a scholarship to study in China and within only a few months, I became fluent. I was not afraid to talk, I put myself out there and made friends. I realized that the Chinese language is not complicated, but it is absolutely necessary to understand how it works.
A good ear for the tonal stresses and a general gift for pronunciation helps, of course.
I became quite good at Chinese, worked as a conference interpreter for many years, and developed my own teaching materials, based on separating the language (understanding and speaking) from the writing system (reading and writing characters).
由于教材和教学质量差，我在大学里学了三年中文，但没有取得多大成功。然后，我获得了在中国学习的奖学金，在短短几个月内，我的汉语就变得流利了。我不害怕说话，我走了出去，争取交流，交了朋友。我意识到汉语并不复杂，但了解它的工作原理是绝对必要的。
当然，对于音调、重音等问题，如果你有一对良好的耳朵，对发音有天赋，会非常有帮助。
我变得非常擅长中文，做了多年的会议口译员，并在将语言（理解和说话）与书写系统（阅读和书写字符）分离的基础上，开发了自己的教材。
I took some college courses. Plus I had all Chinese roommates. I also went to China a lot and my wife is Chinese. I have lots of chances to speak the language.
我上了一些大学课程。另外，我的室友都是中国人。我也经常去中国，我的妻子是中国人。我有很多机会说这种语言。
For me, college here in the US. I took an intensive course in it. But my instructors, George Chao, Mrs. Borchert, Leo Lee, and some others, were great teachers.
When I was taking Mandarin in school, I practiced speaking with native speakers.
I was, plainly put, unusually good at the learning of Mandarin. To this day, 40 years later, I don't really understand how I managed to do what I did. I developed a spot-on and native-sounding accent from the beginning.
Over the years I took advantage of opportunities to practice and improve.
I practiced speaking a lot with people who I did not know.
Now I am a translator and tutor and I enjoy both activities.
In the years leading up to 2017, I helped the American Translators Association (atanet.org) develop its first-ever certification program for Chinese to English.
对我而言，是在美国的大学。我参加了学习中文的强化课程。我的导师，赵，Borchert夫人，李和其他一些人，都是很棒的老师。
当我在学校学习普通话时，我与母语是汉语的人交谈，进行练习。
坦率地说，我非常擅长普通话的学习。直到40年后的今天，我真的不明白自己是如何做到的。我从一开始就养成了一种当地的口音。
这些年来，我利用各种机会练习和提高。
我经常和不认识的人练习说话。
现在我是一名翻译和家庭教师，我喜欢这两项活动。
在2017年之前的几年里，我帮助美国翻译家协会制定了其首个中文转英文认证计划。
Just suffer through it. Life is hard, what do you expect?
In the literal sense of the question, I took online classes.
Five hours of classes per day, five days a week, seven months, not counting the hours put into doing regular homework. The usual holidays and weekends off, of course.
Since my country of Papua New Guinea was two hours behind China, classes ran a little late into the day for me.
We used an app called ClassIn. We took classes, copied down notes, submitted homework, held school meetings - everything was done via ClassIn.
It was just 中文 Zhongwen (the Chinese language) for the first semester. In the second semester my curriculum included Maths and Physics as well. Basic high school level Maths and Physics, but in Zhongwen. This is a screenshot I took during a Physics 物理 class.
一个字：忍！生活本就是艰难的，你还能期待什么呢？
从字面意义上讲，我参加了在线课程。
一周五天，七个月，每天上五个小时的课，还不包括做常规家庭作业的时间。当然，通常还是有假期和周末的。
由于我所在的巴布亚新几内亚，时间比中国晚两个小时，所以我的课程开始的时间比较晚。
我们使用了一个名叫ClassIn的应用程序。我们上课、抄笔记、交作业、召开学校会议——一切都是通过ClassIn完成的。
这只是学习中文的第一个学期。
在第二学期，我的课程还包括数学和物理。基础高中水平的数学和物理，但是，是用中文教的。
这是我在物理课上拍的一张截图：
That's me in pink, teacher in the far left. Going from me to the right, my fellow students from Philippines, Uzbekistan, Cambodia, and Nepal respectively.
Here are snapshots of what our e-whiteboard looked like.
穿粉红色衣服那个就是我，老师在最左边。我的右边，我的同学分别来自菲律宾、乌兹别克斯坦、柬埔寨和尼泊尔。
以下是我们的电子白板的快照：
The teacher was going through mock exam corrections.
老师准备的模拟考试：
We submitted homework through ClassIn, the teacher corrected it, and we got to view how we fared with the homework after.
Snapshots of my checked homework, character-writing and composition:
我们通过ClassIn提交了家庭作业，老师纠正它，然后，我们就可以查看我们在家庭作业中的表现。
我的被检查过的家庭作业、文字写作和作文的快照：
These were pictures of my final exam papers which I had submitted.
Composition
这些是我提交的期末考试试卷的照片。
作文：
Maths
数学：
Character-writing
文字书写：
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
All in all, the going gets easy after a while.
I realise the question might not be literal, but I chose to take it as.
I learned Zhongwen as a third language, because why suffer through life with one when you can suffer with three?
总而言之，过了一段时间，事情就变得容易了。
我意识到，这个问题可能不止是字面意义上那么简单，但我选择就当作字面意义理解。
我把中文作为第三语言来学习。
当你可以用着三种语言忍受生活的苦难的时候，为什么要选择只用一种呢？
Learning a foreign language is not easy, it requires months, if not years of dedication. I picked up Neo-Melanesian Pidgin English in less than 6 weeks, but Japanese took me 30 times as long and even after 30+ years, I’m still fine-tuning the vocabulary and nuance. I learnt basic street-Thai and street-Lao in a couple of months, so I can imagine how difficult it is to master a complex tonal language such as Chinese sufficient enough to study at a university there.
学习一门外语并不容易，它需要数月甚至数年的奉献。
我在不到6周的时间里，学会了新美拉尼西亚洋泾浜英语，但日语花了我30倍的时间，即使30多年过去了，我仍然在揣摩词汇之间的细微差别。
我在几个月内学会了基本的街头泰语和街头老挝语，所以我可以想象，要掌握一门复杂的音调语言，比如汉语，只在大学里学习是非常困难的。
译注：洋泾浜英语，用本地语言逻辑转成英文表达的英语。比如：给他点颜色看看：Give him some color to see see。
haha, thank you.
哈哈，谢谢你。
I worked as a guide and translator for Korean tourists in Delhi,India for a week. Loved it. I love learning language. Currently learning Italian and French (although at a pause for some months due to an exam prep). I plan to learn more languages in the future.
我在印度德里为韩国游客做了一周的导游和翻译。我喜欢它。我喜欢学习语言。
目前正在学习意大利语和法语（尽管由于准备考试而暂停了几个月）。我计划将来学更多的语言。
Wow, that’s impressive, Trisha. Keep going!
哇，太令人印象深刻了，TRISHA。加油！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Wow, studying Maths and Physics in a third language? You have my respect!
哇，用第三语言学习数学和物理？我尊敬你！
Thank you, Mayumi
谢谢你，Mayumi
Lord Almighty Bayesian graphs look positively simple next to your Chinese language homework.
万能的贝叶斯图，放在你的中文作业旁边，看起来都变得简单了。
I'll take that as a compliment, haha
我会把这当成一种赞美，哈哈。
It is: when I started studying Korean I realized how absurdly difficult it is to learn a language completely uncorrelated to your own.
And Chinese is also on a completely different level: when you enter the realm of tonal languages written with pictographs, to quote Einstein, you need a philosopher as it’s too much for a Mathematician.
事实是：当我开始学习韩语时，我意识到学习一门与自己完全无关的语言，是多么困难。
汉语又处于一个完全不同的水平：当你进入一个用象形文字书写，又含有音调语言的领域时，引用爱因斯坦的话，你需要一位哲学家，因为这对数学家来说太难了。
I swear he drives me crazy. That stuff is terrifying. And he's all “No biggie, few months, every hour of the day I'm not eating or pooping or studying something else. Sleep? What's sleep got to do with it?” Look, I’m as good as they come with English. When I bReAk the rules, I know it. I used to be fluent, reading, writing, speaking Spanish and Hebrew. Passed a UN screening test for Spanish translator. Could read French and Italian. Recognize some spoken and written Japanese. But that Chinese shit is terrifying. And he's doing math and physics with it. And my eyes and nerves ain't what they used to be, either; all those little damn character strokes. And tonal…
我发誓他把我逼疯了。这事太可怕了。
他就是一切：“没什么大不了的，几个月时间，一天中的每一个小时，我不吃东西，不拉屎，也不学习任何其他东西。睡觉？睡觉和这事有什么关系？”
听着，我的英语非常好，我学习英语的规则，我很快掌握了它们。
我读、写、说西班牙语和希伯来语都很流利。通过了联合国的西班牙语翻译筛选考试。能读法语和意大利语。但是中国的这个太可怕了。你居然能用它做数学和物理。
我的眼睛和神经已经比不上以前了，哦，那些该死的小笔画，还有音调……
Chinese is not my second language. I know more than five languages. You learn from the book.
中文不是我的第二语言。我懂五种以上的语言。你从书籍中学习。
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