为什么人们明知那些不健康的食物还吃呢?（一）

Wody
For several reasons:
They don't care about health Even then they don't care.
Despite all the education available, they're ignorant about what is healthy and what is not. A friend of mine buys those “waters” that have aspartame or sucralose in them and thinks that is totally fine, even though he ended up with stage 4 colon cancer at age 59.
They think healthy food is for sissies
They think healthy food equates to food that tastes bad
Healthy food costs more
Healthy food is not convenient
Many people don't know how to cook. (I lived with someone like this. It was horrifying to watch the stuff he shoved down his throat. He ate nothing fresh, everything came out of package. And he never ate any fresh fruits or vegetables)
They eat all the wrong foods for their body, therefore they are hungrier and eat more than those that eat healthy, perpetuating a vicious cycle.
They think there will be a magic pill to take care of their diet negligence if something goes wrong with their health. Yeah? How is that Dexatrim or Lipitor working for ya?
Some people remain immature about food and want to eat the same horrid foods at the same rate they ate as children.
Some people think as long as you stuff your face with some kind of food you're okay. They don't understand the differences in quality of food choices—- Maybe they've never had quality food?
We have derelict doctors telling people, “It doesn't matter what you eat. Having one bowel movement a week is normal.” These doctors should be stripped of their licenses.

由于以下几个原因：
他们不关心健康，甚至他们也不在乎。
尽管有各种各样的教育，但他们对什么是健康的和什么是不健康一无所知。我的一个朋友买了那些含有人工甜味剂或三氯蔗糖的“水”，认为这完全没问题，不管他在59岁时患上了结肠癌症4期。
他们认为健康食品是给娘娘腔的
他们认为健康的食物等同于味道不好的食物
健康食品成本更高
健康食品不方便
很多人不知道怎么做饭。（我和这样的人住在一起。看着他那塞进喉咙的东西，真是太可怕了。他不吃新鲜的东西，所有东西都是包装好的，从不吃任何新鲜的水果或蔬菜）
他们吃所有不适合自己身体的食物，因此他们比那些健康的人更饿，吃得更多，从而使恶性循环持续下去。
他们认为，如果他们的健康出现问题，就会有一种神奇的药丸来解决他们饮食疏忽带来的问题。然而减肥药或立普妥对你怎么会有用呢？
有些人对食物的认知还不成熟，他们想要以和孩子一样的速度吃同样可怕的食物。
有些人认为，只要能吃东西就没事。他们不了解选择不同质量食物的差异——也许他们从来没有吃过优质的食物吧？
那些失职的医生告诉人们，“吃什么并不重要，一周排便一次就是正常的。”这些医生真应该被吊销执照。

Joe Nathon
Why do people eat unhealthy foods?
Because they’re cheap, addictive and financially backed by advertising and nutritional ‘science’.
The US government rushed to produce the food pyramid of how people should eat. The food industry were urged to make foods that fit into that food pyramid, they obliged and now have financial interest in the status quo. They were entirely wrong, but governments never reverse course on such things, they even pushed the high carbohydrate low fat diets to the rest of the world, making each country that excepted it more and more fat.
The sugar industry has ingrained itself throughout governments and the medical industry.
Presidential races start in farm country, so ending subsidies for grain & corn are out of the question.
Pharma companies make a lot of money and spread it around the medical industry, politicians & media by treating the results of unhealthy diets. When you bring your dog to the vet the first question is about the dog’s diet, but the medical system for humans has been steered to simply write prescxtions and do surgeries.
Of course we like sugar, but other foods are engineered to be addictive. Kraft Mac n Cheese for instance is the gold standard of comfort food, you mentally crave it and food companies study it to try and reproduce that response in other foods.

为什么人们吃不健康的食物？
因为它们价格低廉，令人上瘾，而且有广告和营养“科学”的经济支持。
美国政府急于制作出人们应该如何饮食的食物金字塔。食品工业被要求生产符合食品金字塔的食品，他们服从了，现在对现状有经济利益。他们完全错了，但政府从未在这些事情上改变过方向，他们甚至将高碳水化合物低脂肪饮食推广到世界其它地区，使每个国家都接受这种饮食，人们也变得越来越胖。
制糖业已经在政府和医疗行业中根深蒂固。
总统竞选开始于农村，所以结束对谷物和玉米的补贴是不可能的。
制药公司通过治疗不健康饮食导致的疾病赚了很多钱，进而连带医疗行业、政界和媒体因此赚钱。当你带你的狗去看兽医时，第一个问题是狗的饮食，但人类的医疗系统已经被引导到简单地开处方和做手术。
我们当然喜欢糖，但其它食物被设计成容易上瘾。例如，卡夫奶酪是舒适食品的黄金标准，你在精神上渴望它，食品公司对它进行研究，试图在其它食品中重现这种反应。

Vi Gann
In addition to standard nursing education, I have received further training in functional nutrition, and based on my experience in working one-on-one with a number of patients with respect to unhealthy eating patterns, I will say that a lot of junk-food eaters consume their pseudo-foods of choice in order to self-soothe. Man-made foods are designed, sometimes with chemical additives and flavor enhancers, to satisfy in terms of flavor and texture, which stimulates ongoing consumption. Refined edibles further generate the release of feel-good neurotransmitters and some stimulate opioid receptors; they can impact the brain just like drugs of abuse do. What follows a feeding episode is similar to a medicated state that provides a sense of temporary relief from suffering. Like any high, it’s followed by a crash that stimulates further eating in order for the eater to re-experience the positive feelings. Foods can literally be addictive. Unfortunately, those are not the health-inducing ones.
Sometimes people with chronic physical pain overeat junk foods, too, and it can be related to the pain condition and/or the emotional impacts of chronic pain (e.g., depression, feelings of hopelessness, consequences of isolation). I’ve known quite a lot of individuals with this issue, but one recent pain patient comes to mind. She overate calorie-dense, reward-center-stimulating foods almost exclusively for nearly two years (and maintained an approximate 30-pound weight gain on a tiny frx) until the source of the pain was diagnosed and resolved with surgery. Once she was pain-free, she immediately stopped self-medicating with food, lost the extra weight within a couple of months, and has kept it off since.
All of us, but particularly those of us in the caring professions, need to be compassionate and understanding about the “vices” of others. They are frequently, if not usually, attempts to numb unbearable pain — emotional and/or physical — and are often sources of great shame for sufferers.

除了标准的护理教育，我还接受了功能性营养方面的进一步培训，根据我对一些不健康饮食模式的病人进行一对一治疗的经验，我要说的是，很多吃垃圾食品的人都是为了自我安慰而吃他们选择的伪食品。人造食品的设计，有时会加入化学添加剂和增味剂，满足口味和口感，刺激持续消费。精制食品进一步释放让人感觉良好的神经递质和一些刺激阿片受体的物质；它们会像滥用药物一样影响大脑。进食后的状态类似于服药状态，提供了一种暂时从痛苦中解脱的感觉。就像任何兴奋感觉一样，随之而来的是崩溃，刺激进一步进食，以便让进食者重新体验积极的感觉。食物确实会让人上瘾。不幸的是，这些对健康都是无益的。
有时，患有慢性身体疼痛的人也会过量食用垃圾食品，这可能与慢性疼痛的疼痛状况和/或情绪影响有关（例如，抑郁、绝望感、孤独的后果）。我认识很多有这个问题的人，但我想到了最近的一位疼痛患者。近两年来，她几乎只吃高热量、刺激奖励中心（大脑中负责处理奖励和愉悦感的区域，通常与多巴胺神经递质有关）的食物(并且在一个小小的身躯的基础上让体重增加了大约30磅)，直到疼痛的根源被诊断出来并通过手术解决。一旦她不再疼痛，她立即停止用食物自我治疗，在几个月内减掉了多余的体重，此后一直保持着这种状态。
我们所有人，尤其是那些从事护理工作的人，都需要富有同情心，理解他人的“恶习”。它们经常（如果不是通常的话）试图麻痹无法忍受的痛苦——情感和/或身体上的疼痛——并且往往是患者感到羞耻的根源。

Samuel Trippler
Because they can't. Easy answer, but it's the truth.
If you can will yourself into changing your diet, then you do so because you can. Maybe it's fear of becoming sick over time that drives you. Or you do it to fit in because "healthy" is super important right now and you don't want to look like a fool. Or you genuinely care about your well-being and only want the best for yourself, loving yourself so much that it seems obvious to you to eat the healthiest.
But let's face it. A lot of people just can't do it. There's a lot of emotions attached to food, and giving up on your comfort food means that you have to deal with your emotions in a different way. This can easily become overwhelming. And then people go back to what they know because that has been working so far and is safe. And since most people don't want to be super miserable (even if they're healthy), they rather eat unhealthy stuff that keeps them happy.
If a person does something despite knowing better, they can't do it. If they could, they would. It's as easy as that. They would need help from somebody to do it, but then again who will help you lose weight? Some professional trainer or nutritionist maybe, but do you know how much they charge you? A lot.

因为他们做不到。答案很简单，但这是事实。
如果你能说服自己改变饮食，那么你这样做是因为你能。也许是对长期生病的恐惧驱使着你，或者你这样做是为了适应，因为“健康”现在非常重要，你不想看起来像个傻瓜。或者你真的很关心自己的健康，只想给自己最好的，非常爱自己，以至于对你来说，吃得最健康似乎是合理的。
但让我们面对现实吧，很多人就是做不到。食物会带来很多情绪，而放弃舒适的食物意味着你必须以不同的方式处理自己的情绪。这很容易让人不知所措。然后人们回到他们所知道的，因为到目前为止是有效的，而且是安全的。因为大多数人不想超级难受(即使他们很健康)，他们宁愿吃不健康的东西来保持快乐。
如果一个人做某事尽管会更好，但就是做不到。如果可以做到，他们会做的，就这么简单。他们需要别人的帮助才能做到这一点，但谁会帮助你减肥呢？也许是一些专业的培训师或营养师，但你知道他们向你收取多少费用吗？很多哦。

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Satjot Sandhu
What are the most harmful foods? Why?
I used to be a big spicy eater. I loved spicy food. Red chillies to be precise. I would sprinkle some red chilli powder on every dish without even tasting the requirement. I always believed I have a good digestive system. A bit of chilli won't hurt. And this continued for years.
Until one day, I suffered from severe epigastric pain. I had a drink of warm water. The pain subsided for a while. But the next morning, it was worse. I couldn't eat or drink anything. I threw up nearly 15 times that day. My entire abdomen was burning and I felt that somebody was drilling holes into my stomach wall. It was a very painful experience.
I was prescribed to heavy medications. I was supposed to be on a liquid diet for at least a week. Since I couldn't take anything orally, I was given major nutrients via I.V.
My father suspected that I had damaged my mucosal lining from all the spicy food and now the acid created was damaging my peptic wall. It was the most severe form of gastritis I ever faced. All for the sake of satisfying my taste buds.
So what are the most harmful foods?
Anything that involves intolerable level of spice, red chillies.

什么是最有害的食物？为什么？
我以前爱吃辣，我喜欢吃辣的食物。准确地说是红辣椒。我会在每道菜上撒一些红辣椒粉，甚至在还没尝一尝的时候也是如此。我一直相信我的消化系统很好，一点辣椒不会疼的，这种情况持续了好几年。
直到有一天，我上腹部非常疼痛。我喝了一杯温水，疼痛减轻了一会儿。但第二天早上，情况更糟了。我什么都不能吃，什么都不能喝。那天我吐了将近15次。我的整个腹部都在燃烧，我感觉有人在我的胃壁上钻孔，那是一次非常痛苦的经历。
医生给我开了大量的药物。我将吃至少一个星期的流质食物，因为我不能口服任何东西，所以我通过静脉注射获得了主要的营养
我父亲怀疑我因为吃辣而损伤了粘膜，现在产生的酸正在损伤我的消化壁。这是我遇到过的最严重的胃炎，这一切都是为了满足我的味蕾。
那么什么是最有害的食物呢？
任何辛辣程度令人难以忍受的食物，比如红辣椒。

Lisa Montany
Why is American food so unhealthy?
Many of them are addressed in other answers (brain-washing, subsidizing of unhealthy food by the government, etc.).
One thing that isn’t addressed (at least not that I have seen) is the psychology of what food means in America.
In poorer areas, especially, junk food is the only pleasure that many families can afford in life.
Can’t go to Disney, but we can buy a $1.00 coke for our child at the moment when he/she is crying for it.
Food is highly emotional in America. If you don’t believe this, tell the average person (over 40% of Americans consume fast food DAILY), that they can no longer have fast food for a month, but you’ll give them $500 at the end of the month and they can still get takeout and eat at sit-in restaurants The person will react as though you are asking them to stay away from their family for a month. They’ll think it is easy for them, but it will be very challenging a few days in. It is an emotional relationship and a psychological and physiological addiction.

为什么美国食物如此不健康？
其它答案中给出了很多答案（洗脑、政府补贴不健康食品等）。
有一件事没有得到解决（至少我没有看到），那就是食物在美国意味着什么。
尤其是在贫困地区，垃圾食品是许多家庭生活中唯一能负担得起的乐趣。
不能去迪斯尼，但我们可以在孩子哭的时候给他/她买一杯1美元的可乐。
食物在美国是极易带动情绪的。如果你不相信这一点，告诉普通人（超过40%的美国人每天都吃快餐），他们只要一个月内不再吃快餐，你会在月底给他们500美元，他们仍然会点外卖和在餐馆吃饭。这个人的反应就像你要求他们离开家人一个月一样。他们会认为对他们来说这很容易做到，但几天后会面临很大的挑战。这是一种情感关系，也是一种心理和生理上的成瘾行为。

Another item to consider is that most Americans are not raised in homes with lots of cooking or a close relationship to food. You can eat very healthily, tastily, AND cheaply, but that is not the idea that is sold to the masses.
The masses don’t see that you can easily grow herbs in your kitchen for pennies, take those herbs and add them to a three bean salad, along with half a bell pepper, some celery, and vinegar/oil/herb dressing and have a delicious side dish for literally less than .50 cents per serving (far cheaper than fries).
They don’t see that rice, beans, and season vegetables (which can also be grown very inexpensively in a community or family garden) can make beautiful dishes, because no one taught them this is the case, and now their bodies have grown accustomed to salt/sugar/cheap fats/white flour and they would not enjoy the true flavor of food that is healthy and flavorful.
Many Americans are squeamish around raw meat and don’t see that a chicken for $9.00 can be roasted with potatoes or served with a side of herbed rice, and feed a family of four for about $3.00 each. AND, they could then take some leftover veggie parts and the chicken bones and make a delicious broth, strain it, toss in some rice and seasonal veggies, maybe add a can or two of beans, and have a delicious soup with some bread the next day for possibly another $2.00 per person, at most.

另一个需要考虑的问题是，大多数美国人并不是在经常做饭或与食物关系密切的家庭中长大的。你可以吃得非常健康、美味、便宜，但这不是普通人所接受的理念。
大多数人都不知道，你可以很容易地在厨房里种几分钱的香草，把这些香草加到三豆沙拉里，加上半个甜椒，一些芹菜，醋/油/香草酱，每份不到0.5美分(比薯条便宜多了)的美味配菜。
他们没有看到大米、豆类和季节性蔬菜(也可以在社区或家庭花园中非常便宜地种植)可以做出漂亮的菜肴，因为没有人教他们这些，现在他们的身体已经习惯了盐/糖/廉价脂肪/白面粉，他们不会享受健康和美味的食物的真正味道。
许多美国人对生肉都很挑剔，他们不明白9美元的鸡肉可以和土豆一起烤，也可以和香草饭一起吃，而且一个四口之家每人只需要3美元就能吃饱。然后，他们可以拿一些剩下的蔬菜和鸡骨头做成美味的汤，过滤，加入一些米饭和时令蔬菜，也许再加一两罐豆子，第二天就可以喝上美味的汤，配上一些面包，每人最多就多花2美元。

Most of Americans buy into the idea that they are too busy to cook, but the truth is that the average American will watch 5 hours of TV during the day (and could watch TV while cooking if they wanted to). Food is not prioritized and is seen as something ‘one must do’ instead of something that we can experience and indulge in.
(Added 7/22/22: Now that I have a daughter and we attempted daycare for a week, I’d also add that “nutrious food” in daycare and school systems is a total joke. If children are taught that the food served to them in these places are normal, daily foods that contribute to their health, they are robbed of being educated on what healthy food is. Chicken nuggets, ketchup, fries, cupcakes, fruit cocktail in syrup, PB&J, and other convenience foods are just that—convenience foods. They are not ‘real food’ to eat daily.”
So, what’s the solution:
We need to get home-economic classes back into the school systems as mandatory classes, but upxed to be more modern. Let students feel raw meat, learn how to cook it, how to buy it, how to cook and use all types of fruit and vegetables, understand how to meal plan and budget for a low income household, and how to make excellent, healthy meals from cheap and readily available ingredients in their area.

大多数美国人都认为自己太忙了，没有时间做饭，但事实是，美国人一天中平均会看5个小时的电视（如果愿意，可以边做饭边看电视）。食物没有被列为优先事项，没有被视为“一个人必须做的事情”，而没有被视为我们可以体验和沉迷的事情。
（2022年7月22日：现在我有了一个女儿，我们尝试了一个星期的日托，我还想补充说，日托和学校系统中的“营养食品”完全是一个笑话。如果孩子们被告知，这些地方提供给他们的食物是正常的、有助于他们健康的日常食物，他们就被剥夺了了解什么是健康食品的机会。鸡块、番茄酱、薯条、纸杯蛋糕、糖浆水果鸡尾酒、花生果酱（三明治）和其他方便食品都只是方便食品。它们不是每天都能吃的‘真正健康的食物’。”
那么，解决方案是什么呢：
我们需要将家庭经济课程作为必修课重新纳入学校系统，但要更新到更现代化的水平。让学生感受生肉，学习如何烹饪、如何购买、如何烹饪和使用所有类型的水果和蔬菜，了解如何为低收入家庭制定膳食计划和预算，以及如何用当地廉价现成的食材制作美味健康的膳食。

We need to educate people on how to use the produce from community gardens. While many community gardens exist in urban areas, most people don’t know what to do with a squash, eggplant, or pumpkin. Even if they wanted to use these things, they have no idea how to cook it, and there are SO many recipes it is overwhelming. Gone are the days when the neighbor lady next door would show you how to chop up the eggplant, make a tomato sauce from the tomatoes and basil in the community garden, and have a delicious dish with these simple ingredients. We need to foster hands-on education about food. I say this as someone who had never seen an avocado in the 1990’s, but was tasked with making guacamole for my class. I thought it was very disgusting, because I didn’t know that an avocado had to be ripe to make the guacamole tasty. We need to teach folks how to use food.
We need to educate the population on how easy it is to meal-prep, and how fun it can be to make it a family event. Involve the kids and parents, make a weeks worth of meals on Sunday evening, and enjoy the fruits of your labor throughout the week. No need to get fast food if you already have dinner ready in 5 minutes at home.
We need to slow American life down. Kids don’t need to be in five sports. They just need to be home as much as possible learning how to do real life.
We need better and healthier food in daycares, school systems, and other places of early education. Roasted meats, real steamed vegetables, steamed rice, and whole fruits.

我们需要教育人们如何使用社区花园里的农产品。虽然城市地区有许多社区花园，但大多数人不知道如何处理南瓜、茄子或南瓜藤。即使他们想用这些东西，他们也不知道如何烹饪，而且食谱太多了，让人应接不暇。隔壁的邻居女士会教你如何在社区花园里把茄子切碎，用西红柿和罗勒属植物做番茄酱，用这些简单的食材做一道美味的菜，这种日子已经一去不复返了。我们需要促进有关食物的实践教育。我这么说，是因为我在上世纪90年代从未见过鳄梨，但我的任务是为我的班级制作鳄梨酱。我觉得很恶心，因为我不知道鳄梨只有熟了才能做出美味的鳄梨酱。我们需要教会人们如何使用食物
我们需要教育人们做饭有多容易，把它变成家庭活动有多有趣。让孩子和父母参与进来，在周日晚上做一周的饭，并在一周内享受你的劳动成果。这样如果你在家5分钟内就能准备好晚饭，就不需要吃快餐了。
我们需要让美国人的生活慢下来。孩子们不需要参加五项运动。他们只需要尽可能多地呆在家里学习如何在现实生活中生活。
我们需要日托所、学校系统和其他早期教育场所提供更好、更健康的食物：烤肉，真正的蒸蔬菜，蒸米饭和整个水果。