WASHINGTON (AP) — The Air Force has detected unsafe levels of a likely carcinogen at underground launch control centers at a Montana nuclear missile base where a striking number of men and women have reported cancer diagnoses.

华盛顿(美联社)——美国空军在蒙大拿核导弹基地的地下发射控制中心检测到一种可能致癌物质的不安全浓度,而在该基地,有大量男性和女性报告了癌症诊断。

A new cleanup effort has been ordered.
The discovery “is the first from an extensive sampling of active U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile bases to address specific cancer concerns raised by missile community members,” Air Force Global Strike Command said in a release Monday. In those samples, two launch facilities at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana showed PCB levels higher than the thresholds recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency.
PCBs are oily or waxy substances that have been identified as a likely carcinogen by the EPA. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a blood cancer that uses the body’s infection-fighting lymph system to spread.
In response, Gen. Thomas Bussiere, commander of Air Force Global Strike Command, has directed “immediate measures to begin the cleanup process for the affected facilities and mitigate exposure by our airmen and Guardians to potentially hazardous conditions.”

一项新的清理工作已经下令进行
美国空军全球打击司令部在周一发布的一份声明中表示,这一发现“是对美国广泛采样的活跃大陆间弹道导弹基地进行特定癌症关切问题的首次回应,这些关切是导弹群体成员提出的。”在这些样本中,蒙大拿州马尔姆斯特罗姆空军基地的两个发射设施显示的多氯联苯(PCBs)水平超过了美国环境保护局建议的阈值。
PCBs是一种被美国环境保护局确定为可能致癌物的油状或蜡状物质。非霍奇金淋巴瘤是一种利用人体的感染防御淋巴系统传播的血液癌症。
作为回应,美国空军全球打击司令部指挥官托马斯·布西耶尔将“立即采取措施开始清理受影响设施并减轻我们的空军人员和守护者对潜在危险条件的暴露”。
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After a military briefing was obtained by The Associated Press in January showing that at least nine current or former missileers at Malmstrom were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a rare blood cancer, the Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine launched a study to look at cancers among the entire missile community checking for the possibility of clusters of the disease.
And there could be hundreds more cancers of all types, based on new data from a grassroots group of former missile launch officers and their surviving family members.

在1月份,美联社获取了一份军事简报,显示至少有九名驻扎在马尔姆斯特罗姆的现役或退役导弹员被诊断患有非霍奇金淋巴瘤,这是一种罕见的血液癌症。为了研究导弹群体中癌症的可能聚集情况,美国空军航空航天医学院展开了一项研究。
根据一组外部组织的数据,这些数据来自一群前导弹发射官及其生存的家属,可能还有数百例其他类型的癌症病例。

According to the Torchlight Initiative, at least 268 troops who served at nuclear missile sites, or their surviving family members, have self-reported being diagnosed with cancer, blood diseases or other illnesses over the past several decades.
At least 217 of those reported cases are cancers, at least 33 of them non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

根据“ TORCHLIGHT研究”组织的数据,过去几十年中,至少有268名驻扎在核导弹基地服役的军人或其生存的家属自我报告被诊断出患有癌症、血液疾病或其他疾病。
其中至少有217例是癌症,至少有33例是非霍奇金淋巴瘤。
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What's notable about those reported numbers is that the missileer community is very small. Only a few hundred airmen serve as missileers at each of the country's three silo-launched Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile bases any given year. There have been only about 21,000 missileers in total since the Minuteman operations began in the early 1960s, according to the Torchlight Initiative.

这些报告的数字值得注意的是,导弹员社区规模非常小。每年在美国三个洲际导弹井发射的“Minuteman III”洲际导弹基地中,只有几百名空军人员担任导弹员。根据“TORCHLIGHT研究”组织的数据,自从上世纪60年代初开始进行“Minuteman”任务以来,总共只有大约21,000名导弹员。
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For some context, in the U.S. general population there are about 403 new cancer cases reported per 100,000 people each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma affects an estimated 19 of every 100,000 people annually, according to the American Cancer Society.
Minutemen III silo fields are based at Malmstrom, F.E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming and Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota.

为了提供一些背景信息,根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的数据,在美国一般人口中,每年报告大约有每10万人中403例新的癌症病例,而根据美国癌症协会的数据,非霍奇金淋巴瘤每年影响到每10万人中约19人。
“Minuteman III”洲际导弹井分别位于蒙大拿州的马尔姆斯特罗姆、怀俄明州的F·E·沃伦空军基地和北达科他州的迈诺特空军基地。
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Missileers are male and female military officers who serve in underground launch control centers where they are responsible for monitoring, and if needed, launching fields of silo-based nuclear weapons. Two missileers spend sometimes days at a time on watch in underground bunkers, ready to turn the key and fire Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missiles if ordered to do so by the president.
The Minuteman III silos and underground control centers were built more than 60 years ago. Much of the electronics and infrastructure is decades old. Missileers have raised health concerns multiple times over the years about ventilation, water quality and potential toxins they cannot avoid as they spend 24 to 48 hours on duty underground.

导弹员是男性和女性军官,他们在地下发射控制中心工作,负责监视并在需要时发射基于井式核武器的领域。两名导弹员有时会连续几天在地下掩体中值班,准备好根据总统的指令转动钥匙并发射“Minuteman III”洲际弹道导弹。
“Minuteman III”洲际导弹井和地下控制中心建造已有60多年历史。许多电子设备和基础设施都有几十年的历史。多年来,导弹员多次提出了健康问题,包括通风、水质和他们无法避免的潜在毒素,在地下执勤期间他们会持续24到48小时。
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The Air Force discovery of PCBs occurred as part of site visits by its bioenvironmental team from June 22 to June 29 in the Air Force's ongoing larger investigation into the number of cancers reported among the missile community. During the site visits a health assessment team collected water, soil, air and surface samples from each of the missile launch facilities.
At Malmstrom, of the 300 surface swipe samples, 21 detected PCBs. Of those, 19 were below levels set by the EPA requiring mitigation and two were above. No PCBs were detected in any of the 30 air samples. The Air Force is still waiting for test results from F.E. Warren and Minot for surface and air samples, and for all bases for the water and soil samples.

空军在对导弹人员社群中报告的癌症数量进行调查时,于6月22日至6月29日期间,其生物环境团队进行了现场访问,并发现了PCB(多氯联苯)的存在。在这些现场访问中,健康评估团队从每个导弹发射设施收集了水、土壤、空气和表面样本。
在蒙納雷尔空军基地,经过300个表面擦拭样本的测试,发现21个样本含有PCB。其中,19个样本的PCB含量低于美国环境保护局(EPA)设定的需要采取措施的标准,而有2个样本的PCB含量超过了该标准。在30个空气样本中未检测到任何PCB。目前,空军仍在等待F.E.沃伦和迈诺基地的表面和空气样本的检测结果,以及所有基地的水和土壤样本的检测结果。