为什么与其他国家相比，印度如此肮脏？（二）
Why is India so dirty when compared to other countries?
译文简介
印度肮脏的原因有很多，除了公民意识和品格。
对于普通印度人来说，诅咒印度人是很常见的，因为我们在基因上比外国人弱，因为我们没有清理周围的环境。印度精英认为这是“品格问题”，可以通过教育人们来解决，因为印度人没有被证明会做好事。
但根本问题超出了公民素质和教育!
正文翻译
Krishna Yaduvanshi
India is dirty because of many reasons but civic sense and character.
It's common for a average Indian to curse Indian people, since we are genetically weaker than foreign nations, for not cleaning their surrounding. Indian elites think of it as “character problem”, which can be done by teaching people as Indians aren't attested to do good things.
But fundamental problem is beyond civic character and education!
印度肮脏的原因有很多，除了公民意识和品格。
对于普通印度人来说，诅咒印度人是很常见的，因为我们在基因上比外国人弱，因为我们没有清理周围的环境。印度精英认为这是“品格问题”，可以通过教育人们来解决，因为印度人没有被证明会做好事。
但根本问题超出了公民素质和教育!
India is dirty because of many reasons but civic sense and character.
It's common for a average Indian to curse Indian people, since we are genetically weaker than foreign nations, for not cleaning their surrounding. Indian elites think of it as “character problem”, which can be done by teaching people as Indians aren't attested to do good things.
But fundamental problem is beyond civic character and education!
印度肮脏的原因有很多，除了公民意识和品格。
对于普通印度人来说，诅咒印度人是很常见的，因为我们在基因上比外国人弱，因为我们没有清理周围的环境。印度精英认为这是“品格问题”，可以通过教育人们来解决，因为印度人没有被证明会做好事。
但根本问题超出了公民素质和教育!
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India is dirt poor, too much poor. Despite being a 2 trillion dollar economy which is result of a billion population, India is a poverty stricken nation.
Poverty is result of low levels of development, infrastructure, income, socioeconomic mobility and education. The poverty stricken areas have no well sustained garbage management as they lack infrastructure. They are born in low income household, live near slums and poorly connected area.
Living conditions and environment directly influence behavior. People are product of environment, not vice versa. Despite being a Civilisation which was most urbanized and have proper sanitation 5000 years ago, present poor people have no proper sanitation, house, effective garbage management and often ignored by people in power till next elections.
经济:
印度太穷了，太穷了。尽管拥有10亿人口，拥有2万亿美元的经济，但印度是一个贫困的国家。
贫困是低水平发展、基础设施、收入、社会经济流动性和教育的结果。贫困地区由于缺乏基础设施，没有良好的可持续垃圾管理。他们出生在低收入家庭，住在贫民窟附近和交通不畅的地区。
生活条件和环境直接影响行为。人是环境的产物，不是环境是人的产物。尽管印度是5000年前城市化程度最高的文明，有适当的卫生设施，但现在的穷人没有适当的卫生设施、房子、有效的垃圾管理，经常被当权者忽视，直到下次选举。
India miss buss for industrial revolution as it was colonised at begining of industrial period.
After Independence, India retains british era laws of municipality. 1888 Municipal laws dictate a government bureaucrats to be chief executive, not mayor elected by people. Government bureaucrats are on whin of politicians who can be transferred, removed if they don't follow their rules.
We had too few cities, for a billion population their must be 1000s of cities like metropolitan but these aren't priority. This means there is no proper city planing and effective garbage system, which prompts people to have to do whatever they like. They park anywhere, open shops anywhere, traffic and terrific garbage area.
India's urban body needs rapid reforms. Proper budget at hands of elected accountable people is a good way.
I'm from kanpur, famous for gutka, pan masala.
城市规划和薄弱的市政
印度错过了工业革命的巴士，因为它在工业时期初期被殖民统治。独立后，印度保留了英国时代的市政法律。1888年的市政法规定了政府官僚必须是首席执行官，而不是由人民选举的市长。政府官僚受制于政治家们的支配，如果他们不遵守政治家们的规则，就可能被调动或撤职。
我们的城市太少。对于十亿人口来说，应该有成千上万个像大都会一样的城市，但这并不是当务之急。这意味着缺乏适当的城市规划和有效的垃圾处理系统，导致人们可以随心所欲地行事。他们随意停车、随意开店，交通堵塞，垃圾遍地。
印度的市政机构需要进行快速改革。将预算交给选举产生的有责任的人是一个好方法。
我来自坎普尔，这个城市以口香糖和槟榔而闻名。
Because the existence of such places enforces a certain behaviour. They are regularly cleaned, have well effective garbage system and people think twice before doing anything like this. Create a environment which enforces moral behaviour, creating moral behaviour without environment is best for article in BBC, NYT which hunts for a ethical problem and enforcing white man/woman's burden.
这个人能在商场、寺庙、井然有序的小区和社区里随地吐痰吗？不可以。为什么呢？因为这些地方的存在强制规范了特定的行为。它们经常清洁，设有有效的垃圾处理系统，人们在做任何类似的事情之前都会三思而后行。创造一种强制执行道德行为的环境，比起在BBC、纽约时报上寻找伦理问题并强制实施白人男性/女性的责任更有益。
If you have a systen like this, it prompts people to behave in this way.
Educated or uneducated, people know about cleanliness and not spitting in public.
如果你有这样一个系统，它会促使人们以这种方式行事。
无论是否受过教育，人们都知道清洁，不随地吐痰。
As we see here, due to weak municipality and bureaucratic control, corruption eats up any budget passed for infrastructure and development. The politicians whims if not fulfilled, will result in your transfer, removal or abrupt dismissal of promotions.
Corruption is same as dirt in public, it's not genetically modified in India, rather is result of a systematic problem in structure in which Modern Indian Republic is founded. Indian urban class elites think of Indians as always in tone of what british colonizers used, a natural ethical problem. You see, it's always people,
腐败
正如我们所看到的，由于地方政府和官僚控制的薄弱，腐败吞噬了为基础设施和发展拨款的每一笔预算。如果政客们的心愿没有得到满足，可能会导致你的调动、撤职或突然被取消晋升。
腐败就像公共区域的污垢，它不是在印度基因上进行了改造，而是印度现代共和国建立过程中系统性问题的结果。印度城市精英阶层将印度人视为英国殖民者所用的方式，一种天生的伦理问题。你看，总是在说人民，
Indians are dirty.
Indians don't respect women.
Indian's don't value innovation.
People don't discussed menstruation with me, i'm going to heaven.
People only care for government jobs.
People don't respect privacy here.
People don't discuss sex.
Indian society has no space for entrepreneurship.
Indian society don't value business only jobs.
People here don't value this, that.
- 印度人是腐败的。
- 印度人很肮脏。
- 印度人不尊重女性。
- 印度人不重视创新。
- 人们不和我讨论月经问题，我要去天堂了。
- 人们只关心政府工作。
- 人们不尊重隐私权。
- 人们不谈论性。
- 印度社会对创业没有空间。
- 印度社会只重视工作而不是商业。
- 人们不重视这个，那个。
See yourself, majority of answers here will be of lacking civil sense, lacking ethics, lacking behaviour.
言辞总是针对"人"。与认识真正的原因和结构性问题相反，印度年轻人在互联网上只看到了发达的西方和贫穷的印度，从那时起，他们就一直没睡好，直到能够登上BBC的嘉宾名单。
看看自己吧，在这里大多数答案都会涉及缺乏公民意识、缺乏道德和行为不端的问题。
Because we believe that picking up the trash is the sweeper’s responsibility. I was in Thailand last week and was surprised to see how clean the place was compared to our cities. During my stay there I observed that the reason for this was
1.Most people don’t throw wrappings, mineral water bottle etc on the streets. They carry it with them or throw it in the bin
2.The shopkeepers, stall owners on the beach pick up any trash left by their customers. They do this after every customer leaves. They pick up and sweep the surroundings of their space before they leave.
Today I had tea at a roadside stall. Two youngsters standing next to me threw the disposable cups on the street even though the stall owner had provided a big bin to throw the trash into. When I asked the youngsters why they didn’t throw the trash into the bin they said that they were planning to but didn’t do it because I was standing next to the bin. I was like — what!!
因为我们相信清理垃圾是清洁工的责任。上周我去了泰国，惊讶地发现那里相比我们的城市非常干净。在我逗留期间，我观察到造成这一现象的原因有两点：
1. 大多数人不会把包装纸、矿泉水瓶等扔在街上，他们会随身携带或者扔进垃圾箱。
2. 海滩上的店主和摊贩会清理顾客留下的任何垃圾。每个顾客离开后，他们都会清理并扫地。在离开之前，他们会清理自己经营区域的周围环境。
今天我在路边的摊位上喝茶。站在我旁边的两个年轻人把一次性杯子扔到了街上，尽管摊主提供了一个大垃圾桶供他们扔垃圾。当我问这些年轻人为什么不把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，他们说原本打算扔的，但由于我站在垃圾桶旁边，所以没扔。我当时真的很惊讶！
Not throwing trash and cleaning up our surroundings is not part of our culture. We believe that it is someone else’s job not ours. And that someone else tries to do his/her best but knows that it is a no win situation.
We have to change how we approach cleanliness. The people of Indore have done it. Why can’t the rest of India do it?
两天前，我在一家建筑物外的小摊上坐着，点了一份南印度风味的咖喱圈饼。塑料桌子非常脏，但是有很多年轻人正在愉快地吃东西和喝茶。到处都是苍蝇。当我要求服务员清理桌子时，他勉强过来清理了桌子。
不扔垃圾和清理周围环境并不是我们文化的一部分。我们相信这是别人的工作，而不是我们的责任。而那些负责清洁的人则尽力而为，但明白这是一场没有赢家的局面。
我们必须改变对待清洁的态度。印多尔的人民已经做到了。为什么印度其他地方不能做到呢？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Indore is Madhya Pradesh’s largest and most populated city. A responsible & responsive public, and an army of 'safai mitras', are key allies in this city's successful cleanliness drive.
https://theprint.in/india/these-are-the-secrets-to-indores-5-year-cleanest-city-streak-and-its-not-rocket-science/772362/
这些是印多尔连续五年成为“最清洁城市”的秘诀。而且这并不是什么火箭科学。
印多尔是印度中央邦最大、人口最多的城市。一个负责任和敏感的公众，以及一支由“清洁伙伴”组成的军队，是这座城市成功推动清洁工作的关键力量。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Dr Abhi Jeet
I know saw that in Delhi's karolbagh .
The Kachra was overflowing and the time i came there back in the evening it occupied road as it's real estate and people and actually walking in over thrash and vendors were putting stalls . That too all below Metro station
我知道，我在德里的卡罗尔巴格也见过这种情况。垃圾堆满了街道，当我晚上回去时，垃圾占据了道路，并且人们实际上是在垃圾上行走，摊贩们也在摆摊。而且这还都发生在地铁站下面。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Indore is what Delhi isn't.
为什么 ？ 根本就是缺乏管理。
印多尔不是德里。
Public Hygiene is not a priority for the current demographics and it won’t be until a significant percentage of our population doesn’t achieve socio-economic prosperity which will fuel the demand for better standard for living, which doesn’t seem to be happening anytime soon.
虚无主义者
公共卫生不是当前人口统计的优先事项，除非我们的人口中有很大一部分没有实现社会经济繁荣，这将推动对更高生活水平的需求，而这似乎不会很快发生。
I disagree that over population is a root cause for all of India’s problems including lack of environmental cleanliness. There are pockets of the society where cleanliness has been restored on a very regional and neighbourhood level - yet overall it is still a huge problem.
There are three factors that contribute towards the original question “Why is India so dirty when compared to other countries”:
我不同意人口过剩是印度所有问题的根本原因，包括缺乏环境清洁。在社会中存在着一些地区，已经在非常局部和邻里层面上恢复了清洁，但整体而言，它仍然是一个巨大的问题。
有三个因素导致了这个问题的产生：“为什么与其他国家相比，印度如此肮脏”：
2.Inequality of the economic power of different states to facilitate the resources, money, education and skills needed to meet the solutions. Maharastra and Tamil Nadu have the power to hit well above their waist when it comes to money as opposed to Assam or Bihar or Himachal Pradesh.
1.缺乏废物分类基础设施及相应的意识：那些看起来整洁且维护良好的国家在废物收集方面采取了一个非常重要的步骤，即废物分类。在收集点，废物就被分成不同的类别，并且废物管理基础设施也支持这一过程。你不仅需要基础设施，还需要意识宣传活动，向公众介绍整个过程流程，以便他们理解为什么分类很重要。这不仅仅是政策制定者提供资金支持基础设施，他们还必须利用大众媒体来提高意识。曾经，发达国家在最近的历史时间线上做到了这一点。
2不同州经济实力的不平等，无法提供满足解决方案所需的资源、资金、教育和技能。对于马哈拉施特拉邦和泰米尔纳德邦来说，他们在资金方面可以更好地解决问题，而与阿萨姆邦、比哈尔邦或喜马偕尔邦相比则不然。
3.政治家和公众的贪婪：尽管各个州或中央政府拥有经济实力，但贪婪使他们对环境健康的重要性产生了盲目的认识，无法优先考虑这个问题。那些大声呼喊“走向绿色”的人只占印度特定城市人口的不到5%，总计甚至不到1%。许多非政府组织已经承担起解决这个公共问题的责任，然而他们都未能实现其雄心壮志的规模。公众也在消费主义上变得非常贪婪─过度购买衣物导致堆填区的产生，囤积主要由塑料制成的配件，大量的人为金属首饰被不当处理，豪华自助餐导致大量食物浪费，一个四口之家拥有四辆车等等……这个列表是无穷无尽的！如今，普通印度公民比他们的近代祖先更加物质化。如果你在印度过着朴素的生活，就会被视为"坏事"。
没有哪个国家能在没有将环境保护作为优先事项并有足够资金支持的情况下达到当前的清洁程度。然而，尽管采取了必要的措施，我们今天仍然面临着无法解决新环境问题的困难。如果你将泰米尔纳德邦（7700万人口）与英国（6800万人口）相比较，英国的地理面积小于泰米尔纳德邦。金奈和伦敦在人口密度上相似，每平方公里的人口数量差异不大。然而，尽管伦敦在环境和社会健康的各个方面都经常受到批评，但伦敦比金奈更加绿色和清洁。
鉴于印度在公民意识方面至少滞后了50年，不难理解强力抗疫药物带来的后果是引发了多彩真菌感染。印度已经面临毁坏环境所带来的惩罚，当今真菌感染的存在就是个明证。然而，尽管出现这些症状，整个生态系统中似乎并没有将环境健康作为优先事项。未来的50年将会揭示我们将走向何方。全球的变化影响着我们所有人。在环境问题上，没有人能独善其身。然而，在印度这种共振从未被看到。这是我写下这段话时（2021年6月）的悲剧性的真相。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Gee, that’s a very good question!
There are many factors that contribute to the squalid state of India - lack of quality education, rising poverty and so on, but the basic one, as Ambika Vijay rightly pointed out - is the lack of civic sense. Not just India, but the entire subcontinent suffers from the same problem.
It is rather tragic that Indian cities are still characterised by overflowing garbage. Pavements are already scarce in our towns and cities, and when there are some - they are strewn with trash and wet with urine. Men can be spotted all over the country peeing and spitting on walls and any empty space they find. We not only spit everywhere, we piss everywhere, we shit wherever and dump our garbage anywhere we like.
嗯，这是一个非常好的问题！导致印度糟糕状态的因素很多，如质量低劣的教育、贫困问题等，但正如Ambika Vijay所指出的那样，最基本的因素是缺乏公民意识。不仅仅是印度，整个次大陆都面临着同样的问题。 令人遗憾的是，印度城市仍然以满溢的垃圾为特征。我们的城镇和城市已经很难找到人行道，而当有一些人行道存在时，它们也会被垃圾和尿液弄得脏乱。在全国各地可以看到男人在墙壁和任何空地上随地小便和吐痰。我们不仅到处吐痰，还随地小便，任意地大便和乱扔垃圾。
如果我们将印度次大陆的一些主要城市（孟买、德里、达卡、拉合尔、卡拉奇）的街道与曼谷的街道进行比较，结果是显而易见的。印度次大陆地区完全缺乏公民意识。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
我们大部分的湖泊和河流正在濒临死亡，原因是它们受到严重的化学废水和塑料废弃物的污染。大部分城市的空气，特别是印度北部，污染超过了规定的严重程度。
- Lee Kwan-Yew (1968)
我们已经建设了，我们已经取得了进步。然而，没有什么比成为南亚最清洁和最绿色城市的地位更能显示成功的标志。
- 李光耀（1968年）
It undertook various public education activities, lectures by health officials and spot checks by the government.
The govt also held competitions which highlighted both the cleanest and the dirtiest offices, shops, factories, government buildings, schools and public vehicles.
In 1977 there was a major clean up of the rivers in Singapore - they're now clean enough to supply drinking water.
新加坡在基层层面解决了清洁问题。他们的总理李光耀是“整治”运动的策划者。
- 具体措施包括进行各种公共教育活动，由卫生官员进行讲座，并由政府进行现场检查。
- 政府还举办了竞赛，评选出最干净和最脏的办公室、商店、工厂、政府建筑、学校和公共交通工具。
- 1977年，新加坡对河流进行了大规模清理，现在这些河流的水质已经干净到可以供应饮用水的程度。
The relocation of street vendors into hawker centres, the development of proper sewage systems and disease control measures.
The authorities issue tens of thousands of fines a year for littering in open spaces.
The govt. famously banned the import of chewing gum (it’s not illegal to merely possess it). There are fines for bringing durian (a pungent smelling tropical fruit) on the train and for not flushing a public toilet (mostly a moot point, given that most toilets flush automatically now).
除了基本的改革措施外，还采取了其他辅助措施，如：
- 将街头摊贩迁至小贩中心，修建适当的污水系统和疾病控制措施。
- 政府每年对露天空地乱丢垃圾的人开具成千上万张罚单。
- 政府曾禁止进口口香糖（仅拥有口香糖并不违法）。携带榴莲（一种气味浓烈的热带水果）上火车或者不冲洗公共厕所都会受到罚款（虽然大多数厕所现在都是自动冲洗的，这一点基本上没有问题）。
“These standards will keep morale high, sickness rate low, and so create the necessary social conditions for higher economic growth in industry and in tourism. This will contribute to the public good, and in the end to everyone’s personal benefit,”
On all of these counts, Singapore has done well.
Life expectancy has grown from 66 to 83 (which is third best globally).
The tourist arrivals grew from 200,000 in 1967, to almost 10 million for the first three quarters of 2018.
Inward foreign direct investment ballooned from US$93M in 1970 to US$39B in 2010. It is currently the fifth largest recipient of foreign direct investsment, receiving $66bn in 2017.
李光耀坚信，一个更清洁的城市将产生更强大的经济。他认为：
"这些标准将保持士气高涨，疾病率低，并为工业和旅游业创造必要的社会条件以促进更高的经济增长。这将有助于公众利益，最终也将使每个人受益。"
在所有这些方面，新加坡表现出色：
- 人均寿命从1967年的66岁增长到了83岁（全球排名第三）。
- 旅游人数从1967年的20万人增长到了截至2018年前三个季度近1000万人次。
- 外来直接投资额从1970年的9300万美元增长到2010年的390亿美元。新加坡目前是外商直接投资的第五大受益国，2017年吸引了660亿美元的投资。
“Singapore is a not a clean city. It’s a cleaned city -”
There are two ways India can overcome this problem -
#1 Promoting civic sense amongst it's people.
#2 The govt. taking strong measures.
As of today, both options seem far-flung. The people have grown even more careless and rebellious, while the Govt on its part, is simply not doing enough.
Despite kicking off campaigns like “Swachh Bharat Abhyan” it hasnt yielded the results it had anticipated. Simple logic tells us we need a lot more trash bins and more public lavaratories. But that is the easier part. Keeping them clean and usable is the more difficult part.
这个国家变得更富裕，使用低成本劳动力清理变得更容易。用国家环境局主席梁天立的话来说，“新加坡不是一个干净的城市，它是一个被清洁过的城市。” 印度可以通过两种方式克服这个问题：
.提倡公民意识。
.政府采取强有力的措施。 截至今天，这两种选择似乎都很遥远。人们变得更加不在意和反叛，而政府则没有采取足够的行动。 尽管启动了“印度清洁运动”等活动，但并没有产生预期的效果。简单的逻辑告诉我们，我们需要更多的垃圾箱和公共厕所。但这只是较容易的部分，更困难的部分是保持它们的清洁和可用性。
Albeit idealistic, the greater change can only happen by taking responsibility individually. The thrust should be on individual littering/spitting/dumping and making sure that does not happen - which can be cultivated by instilling civic sense at the grass root levels.
我们目前有一个高度集中的行政体制，更适合统治印度而不是为其人民服务。这个公共行政系统的重点在于国家和州一级，几乎不涉及地方层面的市民。
尽管理想主义，但更大的变革只能通过个人的责任来实现。重点应该放在个人乱丢垃圾/随地吐痰/乱倒垃圾，并确保这些行为不再发生-这可以通过在基层灌输公民意识来培养。
Most important & main reason is over-population. Due to this most factors arises which leads to improper maintenance in India when compared with other countries. There are some peculiar & particular reasons. These are arise due to lack of awareness among people. They are :
1.No concept of implementing Green Revolution.
2.Very less people with civic sense.
3.Poor Maintenance of cleanliness in public places & in public toilets.
4.Poor maintenance in cleaning Rivers/water bodies.
5.Showing laziness in clean up their own mess.
最重要和主要的原因是人口过多。由于这个原因，在印度与其他国家相比，许多因素导致了不当的维护。这些是一些特殊的原因，它们由于人们缺乏意识而产生：
1.没有实施绿色革命的概念。
2.公民意识较差的人很少。
3.公共场所和公共厕所的清洁维护差。
4.河流/水域清理维护差。
5.整理好自己的混乱时表现懒散。
Start Green revolution
India is supposed to be a Green India however when we enter any hi tech city we see only buildings and no trees. As a result there is pollution, no rain and people end up with suffering from unknown diseases. Every individual should take up responsibility of having a tree per house at least to make India a Green India.
这些问题在任何国家都很常见，但在印度尤为突出。我们可以通过在人们中进行宣传活动并遵循和发展某些方法来预防这些问题。最重要的是遵循以下措施：
开展绿色革命
印度本应是一个绿色的国家，然而当我们进入任何一个高科技城市时，我们只看到建筑物而没有树木。结果是污染，没有雨水，人们最终患上了未知的疾病。每个个体至少要负责让自己的房子种一棵树，以使印度成为绿色的印度。
Transportation is a major issue in multiple states of India. 10% of the cities have good transportation, but the 90% do not. Issues seen: Public transport vehicles not in a good condition, not neat, the bus/railway stations are not neat, buses are always almost crowded, no sufficient frequency of transport, no queue system while waiting for bus/train. Metros are having such facilities, however not every village in India have a metro. In order to make India a developed country the transportation system should be proper, neat and fair.
适当/整洁和公平的交通
交通是印度多个邦的一个重大问题。只有10%的城市有良好的交通系统，而90%的城市则没有。存在的问题包括：公共交通工具状况不佳、不整洁，公交/火车站不整洁，巴士总是拥挤不堪，交通不够频繁，等待巴士/火车时没有排队系统。地铁拥有这样的设施，但并不是印度的每个村庄都有地铁。为了使印度成为一个发达国家，交通系统应该是适当、整洁和公平的。