Could this 1-dollar Chinese adhesive defeat a billion-dollar US laser weapon?

这种价值1美元的中国粘合剂能打败价值10亿美元的美国激光武器吗?

Chinese researchers say their industrial resin mixture has enough heat resistance to protect ballistic missiles from laser attacks

中国研究人员表示,他们的工业树脂混合物具有足够的耐热性,可以保护弹道导弹免受激光攻击。

‘BPR-1’ and other advances in protective technology are pushing the arms race in directed energy weapons to a new stage, scientist says

科学家说,“BPR-1”和其他防护技术的进步将定向能武器的军备竞赛推向了一个新阶段。

Scientists in China who have been experimenting with materials to protect drones and missiles from laser attacks say they have discovered a surprising potential solution – adhesive.

一直在试验用各种材料保护无人机和导弹免受激光攻击的中国科学家表示,他们发现了一种令人惊讶的潜在解决方案——粘合剂。

An experiment showed that a common low-cost resin showed promise in protecting such weapons from being damaged by laser weapons, according to the scientists.

这些科学家表示,一项实验表明,一种普通的低成本树脂有望保护此类武器免受激光武器的破坏。

Samples coated with the material remained intact after being blasted by a weapons-grade laser beam for 15 seconds with a power density of 500 watts per sq cm – far more intense that what is required to destroy an unprotected ballistic missile.

在被武器级激光束以每平方厘米500瓦的能量密度轰击15秒后,涂有这种材料的样品仍然完好无损——这一能量密度比摧毁一枚未受保护的弹道导弹所需的能量密度要高得多。

To put that into perspective, a three megawatt laser weapon could theoretically intercept an incoming missile with power density on the target of just 300 watts per sq cm, according to scientists.

根据这些科学家的说法,从这个角度来看,一个3兆瓦的激光武器理论上可以通过在目标上施加能量密度仅为每平方厘米300瓦的能量,就能拦截一枚来袭导弹。

The newest, most powerful laser currently available to the US military generates a 300-kilowatt beam. Megawatt-power laser systems do not yet exist but are under development.

美国军方目前使用的最新、最强大的激光器能产生300千瓦的光束。兆瓦功率的激光系统还不存在,但正在开发中。
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In their experiment, the researchers applied 2.5mm (0.1 inch) of coating that was mostly made of boron phenolic resin (BPR), a composite material widely used in hot and high-stress environments.

在他们的实验中,研究人员应用了2.5毫米(0.1英寸)的涂层,主要由硼酚醛树脂(BPR)制成,这是一种广泛用于高温和高应力环境的复合材料。

China is the world’s largest manufacturer of BPR, where one factory can produce hundreds of thousands of tonnes of BPR annually.

中国是世界上最大的BPR制造国,一家工厂每年可生产数十万吨BPR。
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BPR is also inexpensive. In recent years, the average price of the resin has dropped to as low as seven yuan (US$1) per kg (2.2 pounds), according to industrial data in China.

BPR也不贵。根据中国的工业数据,近年来,这种树脂的平均价格已降至每公斤(2.2磅)7元人民币(1美元)。

Transforming common BPR into a “anti-high-energy laser protective coating”, only takes a few modifications, according to the team led by professor Gao Lihong, with the Beijing Institute of Technology.

据北京理工大学高立宏教授领导的团队介绍,将普通的BPR转化为“反高能激光防护涂层”只需要进行一些修改。

“This solution uses low-cost raw materials, a simple manufacturing process and has very high performance,” said Gao and her colleagues in a peer-reviewed paper published in the Chinese-language journal Ordnance Material Science and Engineering on May 17.

高和她的同事在5月17日发表在中文期刊《兵器材料科学与工程》上的同行评议论文中说:“这种解决方案使用低成本的原材料,制造过程简单,性能非常高。”

The rapid developments in hypersonic weapons programmes in China, Russia, North Korea and lately Iran have increased risks for US air defence systems.

中国、俄罗斯、朝鲜以及最近的伊朗高超音速武器项目的快速发展,增加了美国防空系统面临的风险。

Russia claimed to have destroyed numerous US Patriot missile defence launchers with its Kinzkal hypersonic missiles. The Pentagon had confirmed some damage.

俄罗斯声称已经用其匕首高超音速导弹摧毁了许多美国爱国者导弹防御发射器。五角大楼证实了一些损失。
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Admiral Michael Gilday, the chief of US naval operations, said developments in hypersonic weapons by America’s adversaries had made laser weapons a “top priority” for the US military.

美国海军作战部长迈克尔·吉尔戴上将表示,美国对手在高超音速武器方面的发展,已使激光武器成为美军的“首要任务”。

“From a defensive standpoint, we’re focused on the threat,” he was quoted as saying by CNN during a public event in August.

“从防御的角度来看,我们将这种威胁列为重点,”CNN在8月份的一次公开活动中援引他的话说。

The US Department of Defence reportedly spends US$1 billion a year on laser weapon development.

据报道,美国国防部每年在激光武器开发上花费10亿美元。

Hypersonic weapons are difficult to intercept because they move at five times the speed of sound or beyond, faster than most interceptors, and sometimes fly unpredictable paths.

高超音速武器很难拦截,因为它们的移动速度是音速的五倍或更高,比大多数拦截器都快,有时飞行路径不可预测。

Laser weapons are seen as a promising countermeasure because a focused laser beam travels at the speed of light.

激光武器被视为一种很有前途的对抗手段,因为聚焦的激光束以光速传播。

BPR is already used on many missiles and high-speed drones as a heat protection layer, according to Gao’s team.

据高的团队介绍,BPR已经在许多导弹和高速无人机上用作热保护层。
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But a laser energy beam – focused and intense enough – could burn a hole through a traditional BPR coating in just a few seconds, the team said.

但是一个激光能量束——足够集中和强烈——可以在几秒钟内烧穿传统的BPR涂层,研究小组说。

So, Gao’s team bought some inorganic compounds “straight from the market”, such as silicon carbide, zirconium dioxide and carbon black nanopowder, and added them to the original resin. The result was a new composite tested under the codename “BPR-1”.

因此,高的团队“直接从市场上”购买了一些无机化合物,如碳化硅、二氧化锆和炭黑纳米粉,并将它们添加到原始树脂中。测试结果是一种代号为“BPR-1”的新型复合材料。

“Over time, white material appeared in the ablated area of BPR-1, but the heat impact area remained relatively intact with no obvious peeling or damage to the coating,” the researchers said in the paper.

研究人员在论文中说:“随着时间的推移,BPR-1的烧蚀区域出现了白色物质,但热冲击区域保持相对完整,涂层没有明显的剥落或损坏。”
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After being subjected to a laser for 15 seconds, the BPR-1 coating showed a maximum back surface temperature of 230 degrees Celsius (445 Fahrenheit) – not hot enough to damage most aerospace aluminium alloys, which have a minimum melting point of 400 degrees Celsius.

经过15秒的激光照射后,BPR-1涂层背面的最高温度为230摄氏度(445华氏度),这不足以损坏大多数航空铝合金,它们的最低熔点为400摄氏度。

Laboratory analysis of the blast area showed that many spherical particles had appeared and fused together at the bottom of the ablation pit.

对烧蚀区的实验室分析表明,在烧蚀坑底部出现了许多球形颗粒并融合在一起。
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The researchers also found molten glasslike materials across the heat-affected zone.

研究人员还在热影响区发现了熔融的玻璃状物质。

The particles and glasses were likely created by the added compounds, which formed a protective buffer that filled in the gaps in the resin to prevent further damage, the researchers said.

研究人员说,这些颗粒和玻璃可能是由添加的化合物产生的,这些化合物形成了一种保护性缓冲,填补了树脂的空隙,以防止进一步的破坏。

BPR-1 and other recent advancements in protective technology are pushing the directed energy weapons arms race between the United States and China to a new stage, according to a Beijing-based laser scientist.

北京一位激光科学家表示,BPR-1和其他防护技术的最新进展,正将美国和中国之间的定向能武器军备竞赛推向一个新阶段。

“Welcome to Star Wars 2.0,” said the researcher, who requested not to be named due to the sensitivity of the technology.

“欢迎来到星球大战2.0,”这位由于技术敏感性要求不具名的研究人员说。

Could a one-dollar material render a billion-dollar weapon technology useless? It is possible, but the improvement in protection would also force laser scientists to further increase the power of the weapons, he said.

一种价值1美元的材料会让价值10亿美元的武器技术变得毫无用处吗? 他说,这是可能的,但保护能力的改进也将迫使激光科学家进一步提高这种武器的功率。

China, for instance, is developing a compact 10 gigawatt power source for directed energy weapons.

例如,中国正在开发一种用于定向能武器的紧凑型10千兆瓦电源。

The condensed power source can be used to generate a laser or high-powered microwave, weapons that could target not only missiles and aircraft, but also satellites in lower-Earth orbit.

密集的能源可以用来产生激光或高功率微波,这些武器不仅可以瞄准导弹和飞机,还可以瞄准低地球轨道上的卫星。