作为一个17岁的印度人，看到中国人均收入是我们的5倍，我非常痛心。我这个年纪怎么做才能扭转这种局面？
As a 17 year old Indian, it extremely hurts seeing our neighbors like China having per capita income 5 times more than us. What will you suggest me to do at my age to revert this situation?
译文简介
进厂......
无论何时你大学毕业，进入制造业。每个发达国家都是在制造业的支撑下发展起来的。这是为大量人民创造就业机会和推动国家财富分配的最佳途径。
正文翻译
Whenever you get out of college, get into manufacturing. Every developed nation developed on the back of manufacturing. That is the best way to generate employment to a lot of people and spread the nation’s wealth.
无论何时你大学毕业，进入制造业。每个发达国家都是在制造业的支撑下发展起来的。这是为大量人民创造就业机会和推动国家财富分配的最佳途径。
无论何时你大学毕业，进入制造业。每个发达国家都是在制造业的支撑下发展起来的。这是为大量人民创造就业机会和推动国家财富分配的最佳途径。
At this point a lot of factories are getting out of China. Instead of coming to India they are going to places like Vietnam and Bangladesh causing huge prosperity there.
此时，许多工厂正在撤离中国。它们不选择来到印度，而是前往越南和孟加拉国等地，给这些地方带来巨大的繁荣。
此时，许多工厂正在撤离中国。它们不选择来到印度，而是前往越南和孟加拉国等地，给这些地方带来巨大的繁荣。
We can bring them to India if smart Indian students get into manufacturing — working for factories and starting their own factories. That is the best way you can contribute to India.
如果聪明的印度学生从事制造业——为工厂工作或创办自己的工厂，我们可以把它们吸引到印度。这就是你为印度做出贡献的最佳方式。
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Much harder to execute than saying. Requires huge investments and R&D.
执行起来比说起来要困难得多。需要巨额投资和研发。
>> Much harder to execute than saying.
We are into manufacturing, btw. ;-)
>> 执行起来比说起来要困难得多。
顺便说一句，我们正在进军制造业;-)
I am very well aware of that. Have been a part of setting up manufacturing plants in the chemical sectors. Pretty difficult to compete with Chinese companies on price points and non IT industries do not really get VC funding.
我非常清楚这一点。曾参与建立化工行业的制造工厂。在价格方面很难与中国公司竞争，而且非IT行业也很难获得风险投资。
R&D? Not if you manufacture products like toys, almost 90% of India`s toys are dumped from China. So there is a lot of room.
研发?如果你生产的是玩具这样的产品，那就不是这样了，印度几乎90%的玩具都是从中国倾销过来的。所以有很大的空间。
Toys also need good infrastructure to manufacture.
Here I am talking about industries like Chemicals.
玩具也需要良好的基础设施来生产。
这里我说的是像化工这样的行业。
Manufacturing toys also needs good R&D. People who can't build stuff usually shit on others who build stuff.
制造玩具也需要良好的研发。那些不能制造东西的人通常会诋毁那些制造东西的人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The road to success is not a bed of roses.
Encouragement is one of the backups.
通往成功的道路并非一帆风顺。
鼓励是一种支持。
Yes its hard and important. Thats why worth it.
是的，这很难，也很重要。这就是它值得的原因。
I have chosen mechanical engineering as my career solely for this purpose.
我选择机械工程作为我的职业完全是为了这个目的。
I guess that's only part of the problem. The rest is India's horrible bureaucracy
我想这只是问题的一部分。 剩下的就是印度可怕的官僚主义
Sir, but a lot of unemployed graduates are willing to work in factories or create their own manufacturing hubs. But are the govts willing to end crony capitalism and reduce unnecessary taxes? Are they willing to upxe bureaucratic systems so that they don't have to bribe the officers and politicians to get some land on lease?
If not, then why should he invest his family's hard earned money onto something he knows isn't profitable and possible?
先生，但是很多失业的毕业生都愿意在工厂工作或者创建他们自己的制造中心。但是政府愿意结束裙带资本主义并减少不必要的税收吗?他们是否愿意更新官僚制度，这样他们就不必贿赂官员和政客来租一些地?
如果不是，那么他为什么要把家人辛苦赚来的钱投资到他明知不赚钱也不可能的事情上呢?
Capitalism is what India needs. Capitalism = Business => Factory.
资本主义是印度所需要的。资本主义=商业=>工厂。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Yup.
We need a minimalist government. And this one is not. Neither are any opposition parties. We are doomed!
是的。
我们需要一个极简主义的政府。而这个不是。也没有任何反对党。我们死定了！
Is the ease of doing business in Bangladesh better than what it is in India?
Really saddening if this is true
在孟加拉国做生意的便利性比在印度好吗？
如果这是真的，那真是太悲哀了
Funny thing is ease of doing business is the only index where India seems to be performing well. Everywhere else it is……
Also I read somewhere that ease of doing business only takes in Delhi Hyderabad and mumbai. None of these cities are with bjp completely for some years now.
有趣的是，经商的便利性是唯一印度表现良好的指标。其他方面都……
我还在某个地方读到，经商的便利性只适用于德里、海得拉巴和孟买。这些城市都已经有好几年没有完全支持印度人民党了。
But Sir, due to the lacklustre in manufacturing sector, most engineers would not prefer to join core engineering fields.
I am a 1st year Mechanical Engineering student at IIT Madras and most of the mechanical, chemical and civil engineering students at all IITs aspire to join Tech Giants for software profiles. It is extremely difficult to find someone sincerely interested in mechanical engineering jobs. Many of them choose careers in finance and management and a good percentage of people also join various IIMs for MBA.
If our engineers are to join the manufacturing sector, we are to create sufficient jobs for them. Unlike Western nations, the manufacturing sector in India is in a very pathetic state.
For revival, we need leaders with great vision who would be capable of guiding our country on the path of development.
但是先生，由于制造业的低迷，大多数工程师不愿意加入核心工程领域。
我是印度理工学院马德拉斯分校机械工程专业的一年级学生，所有印度理工学院的大多数机械、化学和土木工程专业的学生都渴望加入科技巨头从事软件职位。要找到真正对机械工程工作感兴趣的人是非常困难的。他们中的许多人选择了金融和管理方面的职业，很大一部分人还加入了各种印度管理学院攻读MBA。
如果我们的工程师要加入制造业，我们就要为他们创造足够的就业机会。与西方国家不同，印度的制造业处于非常可悲的状态。
为了复兴，我们需要有远见卓识的领导人，他们能够引导我们国家走上发展的道路。
Why these students join mechanical branch then?I see lots of hypocrites out there who ‘claim’ that they love mechanics or physics or electronics but they end up as software engineers. Why? Because of fat paychecks.
那么为什么这些学生加入机械系呢？我看到很多伪君子，他们“声称”自己喜欢机械、物理或电子，但最终成为了软件工程师。为什么？因为丰厚的薪水。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Adding to that, Chip Manufacturing (for all type of computing systems and computing parts) is the need of the hour. Currently, the world is facing a shortage of such chips, including chips used to power displays on monitors, chips used in graphics cards, processors, etc. Majority of them get manufactured in China and COVID-19 has hit the production really hard. It can also be one of the trade war tactic from China as a lot of those companies who get their chips manufactured in China are actually American or European.
This is the best time to hit the hammer, while the iron is still hot.
除此之外，芯片制造（适用于所有类型的计算系统和计算部件）是当前的需求。目前，世界正面临着此类芯片的短缺，包括用于为显示器供电的芯片、用于显卡和处理器的芯片等。其中大多数芯片是在中国制造的，新冠肺炎疫情严重影响了生产。这也可能是中国的贸易战策略之一，因为许多在中国制造芯片的公司实际上是美国或欧洲的。
这是趁热打铁的最佳时机。
I understand your point but it cannot be done by an individual reason being it requires tons of funding and that’s possible only by indian govt, which has started it’s mission to get semiconductors in india too
我理解你的观点，但这不是个体可以做到的，因为它需要大量的资金，只有印度政府有这个可能，而且它已经开始在印度引进半导体的计划。
Never get into manufacturing in India. Starting salary offered is about Rs. 8000.00 per month (for BE Mechanical engineering graduates) and one has to work for 14 hours per day. After 2–3 years the salary may increase to Rs. 10000.00. It takes 2–3 more years to get Rs. 12000.00 to 13000.00
永远不要进入印度的制造业。起薪约为每月8000卢比(机械工程专业毕业生)，每天必须工作14小时。2-3年后，工资可能会增加到10000卢比。从12000卢比涨到13000卢比还需要花2-3年
Bullshit !
I am also in manufacturing sector and my starting salary is 45 k
胡说!
我也在制造业工作，我的起薪是45000
Which is that great company that gives 45k to a fresher
那个给新人45000的伟大公司是哪个？
Hero Motocorp.
英雄摩托公司（印度最大的两轮车制造商）
Nonsense. Absolute nonsense
胡说。一派胡言。
Smart students are only running behind civil services.. For this govt should abolish civil services examination…
聪明的学生只追求公务员。为此，政府应该废除公务员考试...
Then they will go for opportunities abroad. Will you suggest to restrict immigration too like North Korea?
然后他们会去国外寻找机会。你会建议像朝鲜一样限制移民吗？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Our IITs are only capable of producing Chetan Bhagats
我们的印度理工学院只能培养出切坦·巴加特（三傻大闹宝莱坞作者，印度理工学院机械工程专业，从事非所学专业）这样的人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Saying and doing there a lot difference
说和做有很大的不同
They will never come to india
why?
1. because no developed country like USA would want India also to grow rapidly like China - this will make USA go back even further from likely second place to third or fourth place economically - hence countries like USA will always give lip service but never allow that secretly.
2. countries like USA need immigrants - if India prospers then - the most brilliant chinese have already stopped going to the USA - the most brilliant Indians will also stop going to the USA hence they would rather have a weak and poor India quarreling with china rather than a quite and peaceful India developing along with China - hence the trap. They would rather give lip service to India and provoke India to fight with China rather than help India economically - fact USA removes india from India no longer the United States’ preferred import partner; Trump takes away GSP benefits and not restored by Biden.
3.The technical manpower is lacking in India - the Indian eduction system is more directed towards developing clerks - the british developed this system to manage their bureaucracy - Indian can do a lot of talking and pen pushing but they lack technical skill for manufacturing - the trade school system is undeveloped - unlike China/Germany where after grade X most people go into a technical school and learn some trade where as most indians do either BA or Bcom or BSc.
4.The climate is tropical in India - this generally makes people very lethargic and lazy - and India is no exception.
5.The location of india is more suited for a trading economy because of its location instead of trying to be the manufacturing hub India should rather focus on being a trading hub of the world - a bridge between asia and Africa - rather than try and replace China it should think of being a supplement to the present system.
6.India should wake up from the dream of being an American puppet and should start thinking independently and the well being of its citizens - just because USA has come and said that India is now the big boss of Asia - that means $hit to the asians - they would say F*ck u and F*ck USA - we are our own bosses. we want no trouble in Asia. The asians do not agree to any of this. the Indonesians still remember Suharto - the vietnamese still remember the war with USA - the philippinos still remember the American enslavement and the Japanese still remember the nuclear attack. They dont say anything does not mean they have forgotten everything like the Indians - they may smile at us but behind our backs they say - India likes to lick American asshole and they make fun of us.
7.The Indians have no respect anywhere in the world right now any airport you arrive people look at you and smile - which looks more like a sneer because of our PM hugging.
他们永远不会来印度
为什么?
1.因为像美国这样的发达国家不希望印度像中国一样快速增长——这会使美国在经济上进一步退后，从可能的第二位置下降到第三或第四位置——因此，像美国这样的国家总是表面上支持，但暗地里永远不会允许这种情况发生。
2.像美国这样的国家需要移民——如果印度繁荣起来——最聪明的中国人已经停止前往美国——最聪明的印度人也会停止前往美国，因此他们宁愿看到一个软弱贫穷的印度与中国争吵，而不是一个与中国一起和平发展的宁静的印度——因此，这是个陷阱。他们宁愿对印度表面上表示支持，并挑起印度与中国的冲突，而不是在经济上帮助印度——事实上，美国将印度从印度剔除了，不再是美国首选的进口伙伴；特朗普取消了普惠制福利，并未被拜登恢复。
3.印度缺乏技术人力资源——印度的教育系统更多地是为了培养职员——英国人开发这个系统来管理他们的官僚机构——印度人擅长说话和文书工作，但在制造业的技术技能方面缺乏——职业学校系统不发达——不像中国和德国，那里在完成十年级（18岁，相当中国高中毕业）后，大多数人进入技工学校学习一些手艺，而大多数印度人则选择攻读文学学士、商学学士或理学学士学位。
4.印度属于热带气候——这通常使人们昏昏欲睡、懒惰——印度也不例外。
5.印度的地理位置更适合贸易经济，因为它的地理位置，而不是试图成为制造业中心，印度应该专注于成为世界贸易中心——亚洲和非洲之间的桥梁——而不是试图取代中国，它应该考虑成为现有体系的补充。
6.印度应该从成为美国傀儡的梦想中醒来，应该开始独立思考，为自己的公民谋福利——仅仅因为美国来了，就说印度现在是亚洲的大老板——那对亚洲人来说就是狗屁——他们会说去你妈的和去你妈的美国——我们是自己的老板。我们不希望亚洲出现麻烦。亚洲人不同意这些。印尼人仍然记得苏哈托，越南人仍然记得与美国的战争，菲律宾人仍然记得美国的奴役，日本人仍然记得核攻击。他们什么都不说，并不意味着他们像印度人一样忘记了一切——他们可能会对我们微笑，但在我们背后他们说——印度喜欢舔美国屁眼，他们取笑我们。
7.印度人现在在世界上任何地方都不受尊重，你到达任何机场，人们都会看着你微笑——这看起来更像是嘲笑，因为我们总理的拥抱。
The real question is why aren’t these factories considering India to set up their shop?
真正的问题是，为什么这些工厂不考虑在印度设厂?
Manufacturing is hard because of govt over regulation and high taxation. Besides, with manufacturing becoming more and more automated, will manufacturing be even able to provide sufficient jobs like it did to the Chinese? Automation is the real elephant in the room here.
由于政府过度监管和高税收，制造业很难发展。此外，随着制造业变得越来越自动化，制造业能够像中国那样提供足够的就业机会吗?自动化才是房间里真正的大象。
Over regulation is a problem but it is decreasing slowly. As for taxes, the govt reduced the rate to 17.06%, which is fairly low for manufacturing.
过度监管是一个问题，但它正在慢慢减少。至于税收，政府将税率降至17.06%，这对制造业来说相当低。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Students get into manufacturing if there are opportunities in manufacturing. The onus is on the Givernment to bring the companies leaving China to India - a golden opportunity Indian Government largely missed in the last 4 years in the back of US-China trade war. I have seen dozens of civil, mechanical and production engineers get job in IT or other services companies because lack of manufacturing. I know diploma holders and ITI trained technicians running shop and driving ola because the companies they worked for have shut.
如果制造业有机会，学生们就会从事制造业。责任在政府身上，要吸引那些离开中国的公司来到印度——在过去4年的美中贸易战中，印度政府基本上错过了这一黄金机会。我见过许多土木、机械和生产工程师在IT或其他服务公司找到工作，因为缺乏制造业。我知道文凭持有者和工业培训技术员开店和开ola出租车，因为他们曾经工作的公司已经倒闭。
How can you start manufacturing without natural resources ? The industrial revolution was started in the UK as it had huge coal deposits. The same goes for China. China has huge deposits of iron ore, coal, aluminum, rare minerals, etc. India can never beat China in manufacturing.
如果没有自然资源，如何开始制造业？工业革命始于英国，因为英国拥有巨大的煤炭储量。对中国也是如此。中国拥有大量的铁矿石、煤炭、铝、稀有矿物等储量。印度永远无法在制造业上击败中国。
Manufacturing is no cakewalk now. Market is flooded with cheap Chinese goods. These goods were manufactured in China with lot of subsidies by government , using latest technology , low wages , free electricity , under invoicing of exports to avoid Indian custom duty .
How a novice student manufacturer will counter Chinese prices , power failure, huge Indian taxes, corrupt bureaucrats, local mafia , politician ?
First step would be to stop imports , second to remove taxes and corruption and third to ensure uninterrupted power supply.
现在制造业并非易事。市场上充斥着廉价的中国商品。这些商品是在中国制造的，得到了政府的大量补贴，使用最新技术，低工资，免费电力，开低价出口发票以逃避印度关税。
一个新手学生制造商如何对抗中国的价格、停电、巨额的印度税收、腐败的官僚、当地黑手党和政客？
第一步是停止进口，第二步是消除税收和腐败，第三步是确保不间断的电力供应。
We can't simply stop imports. We are part of WTO and if we stop our Imports then countries who import from india will stop theirs. Are you saying we should jeopardize our current exports to boost a manufacturing sector which may or may not improve by this.
我们不能简单地停止进口。我们是世贸组织的成员，如果我们停止进口，那么从印度进口的国家也会停止进口。你是说我们应该危及目前的出口，以促进制造业的发展，而制造业可能会因此而改善，也可能不会。
And reduce freight charges. It is cheaper to ship stuff from Chennai to Shanghai than overland to delhi.
并降低运费。从金奈运送货物到上海比陆路运送到德里便宜。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I think Dedicated Freight Corridor might help in this. Because today most transportation happens on trucks which is expensive
我认为专用货运走廊（货运铁路网络）可能对此有所帮助。因为现在大多数运输都是用卡车进行的，这很昂贵
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I know. When WTO like agreements are signed , everyone gets a cooling period of 4–5 years to change national policies and infrastructure to align with WTO or any global agreement. But Indian govt and public continue to sleep till foreigners invade our market and unemployment reaches all time high . But then , no action is possible.
我知道。当像世贸组织这样的协议签署时，每个国家都有4-5年的冷却期来调整国家政策和基础设施，以与世贸组织或任何全球协议保持一致。但是印度政府和公众继续睡觉，直到外国人侵入我们的市场，失业率达到历史最高水平。但是，任何行动都不可能了。
Much Much easier said than done. Manufacturing what exactly? Also, catering to the buyer's demand and staying in competition requires big investments in R&D and innovation. It requires capital inflow from banks to fund the risky start-ups. Chinese banks are huge and they are pouring big money in innovative start-ups which is upto 5times more than what Indian banks do.
说比做容易太多了。究竟制造什么？此外，满足买方需求并保持竞争需要在研发和创新方面进行大量投资。它需要来自银行的资金流入，为高风险的初创企业提供资金。中国的银行规模庞大，他们在创新初创企业上投入了大量资金，是印度银行的5倍多。
Some Indians Parents Logic if you are working in manufacturing you are not the right fit for their daughter.
一些印度父母的逻辑是，如果你在制造业工作，你就不适合他们的女儿。
Are u joking or want to ruin the career and life of the person who asked this?
Except for in PSU or companies driven by them , manufacturing sector is dead in India…and that youth will not get any proper job else where other than PSU s…
One young person at his level cant do anything to change the ecosystem overnight , except ruining his life…
It has to be tackled at a much bigger level…
And if the question is about increasing GDP, it can be done in lot of other ways also, utilising the natural strengths of this country and people…and current conditions…
你是在开玩笑还是想毁掉问这个问题的人的事业和生活?
除了公共部门企业（印度国有企业）或由它们驱动的公司，制造业在印度已经死了，年轻人在公共部门企业以外的地方找不到任何合适的工作。
像他这种水平的年轻人，除了毁了自己的生活之外，不可能在一夜之间改变生态系统。
必须在更大的层面上解决这个问题。
如果问题是关于提高GDP，也可以通过很多其他方式来实现，利用这个国家和人民的自然优势……以及当前的条件……