工程学毕业后有哪些不同的职业选择(二)
What are the various career options after engineering?
译文简介
网友：2017年6月，我毕业于班加罗尔理工学院，获得计算机科学与工程学士学位。从那以后，我经历了人生中最美好和最糟糕的时刻，毕业时，我收到了塔塔咨询服务公司和埃森哲咨询公司的两份工作邀请……
正文翻译
What are the various career options after engineering?
工程学毕业后有哪些不同的职业选择
工程学毕业后有哪些不同的职业选择
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Hey!
I graduated from Institute of Technology, Bangalore in June 2017 with B.E in Computer Science and Engineering. I have experienced the best and the worst of the moments in my life since then,
When I graduated I had 2 job offers from TCS and Accenture in hand. Obviously, Accenture being a better brand name, I chose to join Accenture. The call letter to join the above company came around the month of September of 2017. So I joined at career level 12 as an ASE at Accenture. The first 2 months there were awesome! I met some amazing and funny people. Some people here call this jokingly as the “honeymoon” period because of the sheer fun we have during the training period.
There were two kinds of training, first, the GFT where we were taught the fundamentals of CS like java basics, HTML, SQL and others. I somehow managed to clear this exam:). Second, there was a stream training in the second month where most of the people I knew were separated into various internal streams that Accenture has. I dunno how they allocate us to streams. After clearing the stream training came the real scenario.
I was in a bench period for 2 days and they allocated a project to me at Bellandur. I was initially happy that I got a project while many of my colleagues were still on the bench. So, I joined the project without much hesitation. Even after joining the project there was something called as ‘KT’ (in short for Knowledge Transfer) a big hahaha! A transfer of knowledge from a person who is as unqualified as I was. I even had to give a reverse KT to my teammates and team lead to show that I have understood the work I had to do.
2017年6月，我毕业于班加罗尔理工学院，获得计算机科学与工程学士学位。从那以后，我经历了人生中最美好和最糟糕的时刻，
毕业时，我收到了塔塔咨询服务公司和埃森哲咨询公司的两份工作邀请。显然，埃森哲咨询公司是一个更好的品牌，我选择加入埃森哲公司。加入上述公司的通知函是在2017年9月左右发出的。因此，我以12级的职业水平加入埃森哲，担任自动化系统工程师。前两个月真是太棒了！我遇到了一些了不起又有趣的人。这里有些人戏称这是“蜜月期”，因为我们在训练期间玩得很开心。经历轮岗培训之后，真实的场景出现了。
我坐了两天冷板凳，他们给我分配了一个项目，地点在班加罗尔。当我的众多同事还坐在冷板凳时，我一开始还很高兴——我得到了一个项目。所以，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。甚至在加入这个项目之后，还有一个叫做“KT”(知识转移的缩写)的东西，哈哈!从一个和我一样不合格的人那里转移知识。我甚至不得不给我的队友和团队领导一个反向KT，以表明我理解我必须做的工作。
Along with this shitty work, I developed other bad habits like smoking, drinking and clubbing every other weekend. I had literally zero savings and had to ask money from parents. Internally I was devastated by the fact that I was losing out of my own set high bars of achievements. And being in this job would take me nowhere- financially or technically.
然后，在忙碌了一个月、努力弄清楚这里的工作是什么之后，出现了真正让人崩溃的情况。我扮演着技术支持角色！我感到非常沮丧，这真的打击了我的自尊心。在这种启示之后，每天早上醒来去上班都感觉像是受到了真正的折磨。在办公室的每一天都是一样的。我每天做同样的工作——填写Excel表格，检查客户应用程序是否正常运行，一些他们称之为清理Linux存储空间的垃圾工作，给那些从未谋面的美国人发送邮件，告诉他们我们会尽快处理问题并关闭工单。此时，我感到在这家公司没有未来，即使在班加罗尔这样的城市，薪水也只有2.4万卢比！任何一个通过10年级职业水平的家伙都可以胜任这份工作。
在这份工作中，我养成了吸烟、喝酒和每周末去夜店的坏习惯。我几乎没有积蓄，不得不向父母要钱。内心深处，我为自己失去了自己设定的高标准而感到沮丧。做这份工作无论在经济上还是技术上都没有前途。
To be honest, back in my college I was pursuing a degree in CS and I hated coding. Well, that is the reason I got only mass recruiting companies in the first place. So to change my life I had to upgrade my skill set. After quitting my job I started practising coding and read books related to Data Structures and Algorithms which are very important for any interviews. I was basically interested in Artificial Intelligence. So, I took an online course and started to work on it.
Meanwhile, I had applied to some colleges in the US for my MS. So the only things I had to do was wait for admits and practice CS skills. Eventually, I did get an admit and I am still waiting for other colleges decision.
I am more organized now, clean and value the importance of time. As they say, every “failure is a stepping stone for success”. Well, I might have not succeeded yet, but definitely moving towards it;).
This was my journey to date after my engineering.
Thanks for reading!!
PS: if you have read till here means you must have liked my answer. And the upvote button is close by .
It will encourage me to write concise and better answers.
因此，我计划去国外攻读更高的学位，并参加了必要的考试，在加入埃森哲咨询公司一年后决定辞职。老实说，在我上大学时，我本来是追求计算机科学的学位的，但我讨厌编程。这也是我最初只被大量招聘公司录用的原因。所以为了改变我的生活，我必须提升我的技能水平。辞职后，我开始练习编程，并阅读与数据结构和算法相关的书籍，这对于面试非常重要。我对人工智能非常感兴趣，所以我参加了一门在线课程并开始学习。
同时，我已经向美国的一些学院申请了我的硕士学位。所以我唯一需要做的事情就是等待录取并练习计算机科学专业方面的技能。最终，我确实获得了录取通知，并且我还在等待其他大学的决定。
现在的我更有条理、整洁，也更重视时间的重要性。正如人们所说，“每次失败都是成功的阶梯”。虽然我可能还没有成功，但我肯定正在朝着成功的方向迈进;
这就是我迄今为止工程师生涯经历，感谢您阅读!!
PS：如果你已经读到这里，说明你喜欢我的回答。点个赞吧，这会鼓励我写出更简洁、更好的答案。
I have a perfect life, so why am I depressed?
So far, it has not been possible to definitively determine why depression happens.
The world’s brightest neuroscientists, each with enough degrees to fill half a page, still don’t fully understand the causes of depression.
So, please, try not to blame yourself for being depressed. Depression can happen to anyone, even people with happy childhoods, loving parents and stable finances.
Up until recently, psychiatrists believed depression to be the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain. It was thought to be caused by low levels of serotonin and other neurotransmitters.
It’s not.
If it was, antidepressant medications (which increase serotonin levels) would have an immediate effect on depression.
They don’t.
It takes 4-8 weeks for antidepressants to work. So, fixing the “chemical imbalance” does not cure depression. In fact, neuroscientist Dr Moncrieff and colleagues have once and for all concluded that there is no significant connection between low serotonin levels and depression.
As it turns out, depression is much more complicated.
So, if the chemical imbalance doesn’t exist, why do antidepressants work?
New research suggests that a more probable cause of depression is a slow production of new brain cells and poor connections between brain cells, especially in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.
And according to Harvard Health Publishing, there is some evidence showing that antidepressants can spur the growth of new brain cells in the hippocampus. This process takes a few weeks, which could explain why it takes some time for antidepressants to have an effect.
你说你的生活非常完美，但为什么会感到抑郁呢？实际上，目前还无法确定抑郁症的确切原因。即使是最聪明的神经科学家（学位都足以写满半页纸），也没有完全理解抑郁症的原因。所以，请不要因为抑郁而责怪自己。抑郁症可能发生在任何人身上，即使是那些童年快乐、父母慈爱、经济状况稳定的人也不例外。
直到最近，精神科医生认为，抑郁症是大脑化学物质失衡的结果。据认为，它是由于血清素和其他神经递质水平过低引起的。然而，事实并非如此。如果是这样的话，抗抑郁药物（可以增加血清素水平）对抑郁症应该会有立竿见影的效果。但实际上，这些药物需要4至8周才能发挥作用。因此，解决这种“化学失衡”问题并不能治愈抑郁症。实际上，神经科学家Moncrieff博士及其同事们最终得出结论，低血清素水平与抑郁症之间没有显著联系。
事实证明，抑郁症要复杂得多。那么，如果化学失衡不存在，为什么抗抑郁药物有效呢？新的研究表明，抑郁症更可能是由于新的脑细胞生产缓慢以及大脑细胞之间的连系不良引起的，尤其是在前额叶和海马体中。根据哈佛健康出版社的说法，有一些证据表明，抗抑郁药物可以刺激海马体中新脑细胞的生长。这个过程需要几周时间，这也可以解释为什么抗抑郁药物需要一些时间才能发挥作用。
Physical exercise (which is associated with hippocampal growth)
tDCS (which helps the brain cells in the prefrontal cortex to activate and build stronger connections)
Mindfulness meditation (which improves connections in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus)
These new findings still don’t really explain why depression happens, though. What weakens connections between brain cells in the first place?
There is no simple answer to this question. Biology, environment and social factors all play a part.
With that said, there are certain experiences and behaviours which significantly increase the risk of depression. For example:
Early losses and trauma: Difficult childhood experiences such as the loss of a parent, physical and emotional abuse, and physical and emotional neglect increase the risk of depression in adulthood.
Stressful life events: Experiences such as separations, conflicts, betrayals, losses, and harassment increase the risk of depression. Even major life changes (generally viewed as positive experiences) can trigger depression. For example: getting married, moving, giving birth or becoming a parent.
Seasonal changes: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a form of depression triggered by seasonal changes. It’s most common in the Northern hemisphere.
So, even changes in the environment can make us more vulnerable to depression. And there are several other causes which perhaps can help shed further light on your situation.
Hope this helps.
除此以外，还有一些治疗抑郁症的方法，比如：
进行体育锻炼（与海马体生长有关）
经颅直流电刺激（可以帮助前额叶的大脑细胞激活并建立更强的连系）
正念冥想（可以改善前额叶和海马体之间的连系）
然而，这些新发现仍然无法完全解释为什么会发生抑郁症。是什么导致了大脑细胞之间的连系变弱呢？
这个问题没有简单的答案，生物、环境和社会因素都起着一定作用。
话虽如此，某些经历和行为会显著增加患抑郁症的风险。例如:
早期损失和创伤：困难的童年经历，如失去父母、身体和情感遭遇虐待，以及身体和情感忽视，会增加成年后患抑郁症的风险。
压力大的生活事件:诸如分离、冲突、背叛、损失和烦恼等经历会增加患抑郁症的风险；即使是重大的生活变化(通常被视为积极的经历)也会引发抑郁症，例如:结婚、搬家、生孩子或为人父母。
季节变化:季节性情感障碍(SAD)是一种由季节变化引发的抑郁症。这在北半球最常见。
所以，即使是环境的变化也会让我们更容易抑郁。还有其他一些原因可能有助于进一步了解你的情况。
希望这对你有所帮助。
Career options after engineering? There are so so many of them available in this world to pursue. From building a career in sports to getting a job as a civil servant, every of these is available for an engineer to follow (or maybe create). Engineers have already been dominating in all domains.
Now coming straight to the essence of the question, the various major career paths are:
Engineering: The very straightforward answer that I can deliver is the type of engineering you have been studying all these years.
Engineering (again :P): The second answer would be to pursue a career in engineering, but not in the same field which you have been studying. For eg., a chemical engineer can make a career in electrical engineering or maybe data science or any other trending engineering domain.
MBA: This is one of the most favourite routes of engineering undergrads. Like in CAT ‘20, 7 out of 9 toppers were from an engineering background. The attraction towards this route is mostly because it offers a very handsome salary after completion. Moreover, the mindset of an engineer already gives him an upper hand in the entrance exams of GRE, CAT, etc.
工程学毕业后的职业选择有很多，可以选择从事各种领域的工作。无论是从事体育运动的职业还是成为公务员，对于工程师来说都是可行的选择。从科学到表演再到管理或商业等领域，工程师已经在所有领域占据主导地位。
现在直接进入问题的本质，下面是几个主要的职业方向：
工程：最直接的答案是继续从事你一直在学习的工程领域。
工程（再次重申）：第二个答案是选择从事不同于你所学习领域的工程师职业。例如，化学工程师可以在电气工程、数据科学或其他热门工程领域找到职业机会。
MBA：这是工科本科生最喜欢的途径之一。像2020年的CAT考试中，9名学霸中有7人来自工程背景。选择读MBA的吸引力主要是因为它在完成学业后获得非常可观的薪水。再者工程学专业对GRE、CAT等入学考试有先天优势。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Teaching: If you like to teach others or you have a very deep interest in your subject, then you can definitely go for higher studies and then think of becoming a professor yourself.
Indian Armed Services: Again, a very reputed job that you can do. Engineers get recruited in all three wings of the Indian Army.
Entrepreneurship: Have an idea? Ready to bring some change in the world? Then, this is where you belong. Coming up with a successful idea and implementing it is not easy, but success comes only after hardship & patience. Moreover, you can join a startup incubator that can boost and ease your work.
Do upvote if you liked and follow the space for more such content.
公务员：除了工程以外，公务员是工程本科生最喜欢的职业之一。但需要注意的是，它是最具挑战性和受尊敬的职业之一，需要付出很多努力。
教学：如果你喜欢教别人或对自己所学科目非常感兴趣，那么可以考虑继续深造并成为一名教授。
印度武装部队：印度军队中的海陆空都会招募工程师。这是一份很有威望的工作。
创业：有想法吗？准备改变世界吗？那么创业就是你该做得选择。找到一个成功的创意并实施不容易，但只有经过艰辛和耐心才能取得成功。此外，你还可以加入一个初创企业孵化器，以提高和简化你的工作。
如果你喜欢这篇内容，请点赞并关注我，更多精彩内容等你发现！
There are plenty of career options available after engineering. It's all up to you that where you want to see yourself in few years. Lets see some popular choices that most engineers make:
Job: Most of the engineering students aspires to work in a reputable organization after their engineering. All engineering colleges in India have a placement committee which brings the companies to campus for recruitment. The kind of job and companies that you get solely depends on the college name. Even if you don't get placed from campus, there are plenty of opportunities outside and so focus on building your CV.
Masters degree: You can choose to continue your studies and pursue a masters degree. If you are interested in technical field or your engineering specialization, you may go for M.Tech. To get admission in IISC, IITs, NITs, prepare for GATE and score well. If you are a mechanical or electrical engineer, you can also apply for job at BHEL, as they accept GATE scores. There are many other PSUs that accepts GATE score.
If you wish to gain more business knowledge then you may go for MBA. You will find most of the students in MBA are engineers. There are IIMs and some known private colleges like XLRI, SIBM, MDI, SP Jain, NMIMS and if you prepare well, you will surely get into one of the college.
If you wish to pursue education outside India, you may choose to go for MS.
Govt. Job: If you are interested in a govt. job then you can pursue it even after engineering. There are many exams that govt. conducts every year to recruit for the vacancies.
Entrepreneur: If you have a business idea and resources to start your entrepreneurial venture, give it a due thought and make your decision. Many of well known startups in India have been founded by Engineers right after graduation.
The list can go on. Just think and decide what you wish to become and achieve in your life.
工程学毕业后有很多职业选择。你可以根据自己的兴趣和目标来决定未来几年想成为什么样的人。让我们看看大多数工程师所做的一些普遍选择:
就业：大多数工程学专业学生希望在工程学院毕业后进入知名企业工作。在印度的所有工程学院都设有就业委员会，为招聘企业提供校园招聘服务。你所能得到的工作和公司完全取决于学院的声誉。即使你没有从校园招聘中获得就业机会，外部也有许多机会，因此要注重打造自己的简历。
硕士学位：你可以选择继续深造并攻读硕士学位。如果你对技术领域或你的工程专业感兴趣，可以考虑攻读M.Tech。要进入印度科学院、印度理工学院或印度工程学院等知名学校，需要准备GATE考试并取得好成绩。如果你是机械或电气工程师，也可以申请印度巴拉特重型电气有限公司（BHEL）的工作，因为他们认可GATE成绩。还有许多其他公共事业单位（PSUs）也认可GATE成绩。
如果你希望获得更多的商业知识，可以考虑攻读MBA。你会发现大多数MBA学生都是工程师。有印度管理学院（IIMs）和一些知名的私立学院，如XLRI、SIBM、MDI、SP Jain、NMIMS等。只要你准备充分，一定能进入其中一所学校。
如果你希望到国外继续深造，可以选择攻读硕士学位（MS）。
政府工作：如果你对政府工作感兴趣，即使在工程学院毕业后也可以应聘。政府每年都会举办许多招聘考试，以招募人才。
创业者：如果你有创业的想法和资源，那就好好考虑一下，然后做出决定。在印度，许多知名的创业公司都是由工程师在毕业后创立的。
这个列表可以继续下去。只要思考并决定自己想成为什么样的人，就能实现自己的目标。
This question seems vague. Nowadays, there are over dozen of engineering streams that equip you with different skills. As a result, every discipline of engineering offers opportunities in several sectors. Still, I will try to cover the career prospects
Once I had met Prof (Dr) Maneek Kumar, Dean, School of Engineering, BML Munjal University (BMU) in an educational seminar. In a pursuit to gain some knowledge, I started interacting with this learned educationalist. He told me that every year about 80% of engineers remain unemployed. This massive figure is caused by choosing the wrong college/ stream majorly.
He added, “at BMU, we counsel the applicants properly and also suggest them the right stream while taking admission. This is how every year we manage to improve on our placement records. One of our students bagged a whopping package of Rs 40 lakhs by Google in the last batch. Rest were also placed at desired positions in their core sectors.”
He also threw light on career options after different forms of engineering. So, I will share the information I received from him.
这个问题似乎很模糊。如今，有十几种工程学专业为你提供不同的技能。因此，每个工程学科都为好几个领域提供了机会。尽管如此，我会尽量涵盖职业前景。
有一次，我在一次教育研讨会上遇到了孟买蒙贾尔大学工程学院院长Maneek Kumar教授(博士)。为了获得一些知识，我开始与这位博学的教育家交流。他告诉我，每年大约有80%的工程师处于失业状态。这个巨大的数字主要是由选错了大学/专业造成的。
他补充道：“在孟买蒙贾尔大学工程学院，我们为申请者提供适当的咨询，并在录取时建议他们选择合适的专业。这就是我们设法提高每年安置记录的方式。我们的一名学生在上一批中获得了谷歌400万卢比的巨额奖金。其余的人也被安排在他们核心部门的理想职位上。”
他还阐述了在不同形式的工程学之后的职业选择。所以，我会分享我从他那里得到的信息。
This is the most in-demand field of engineering. Sometimes, students choose this stream even without having an interest, which is not a wise move. With evolving technologies like Data Science, Artificial Engineering (AI), and Machine Learning, the sea of opportunities has expanded its quotient. The hottest jobs offered are:
Data Scientist
AI Expert
Big Data Analyst
Robotics Engineer
Software Developer
Web Developer and many more
Civil Engineering
计算机科学与工程(CSE)
这是最抢手的工程学领域。有时，学生选择这个专业甚至不是因为兴趣，这不是一个明智的举动。随着数据科学、人工智能(AI)和机器学习等技术的不断发展，机遇的海洋已经扩大了它的商数。最热门的工作是:
数据科学家
人工智能专家
大数据分析师
机器人工程师
软件开发人员
Web开发人员等等
土木工程
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Environmental Engineer
Geotechnical Engineer
Construction Manager
Urban Planning Engineer
Rural Planning Engineer
Public Works Engineer, etc.
在自动化兴起之后，土木工程的图景已经完全改变了。新时代的土木工程师了解软件、自动化设备和其他技术的功能，以在一定程度上减少人力，并在最短的时间内获得精确的结果。这个领域提供的工作机会是:
环境工程师
岩土工程师
施工经理
城市规划工程师
乡郊规划工程师
工务工程师等
After CSE, the second preference of students is usually ECE because of the lucrative job opportunities this field offers. Students can acquire the following positions after completing a B.Tech degree in ECE:
Network Engineers
Automation Analysts
Computer Support Specialists
Control Engineer
Electronic Design Engineers, etc.
电子与计算机工程(ECE)
排在计算机科学与工程之后，学生的第二选择通常是电子与计算机工程专业，因为这个领域提供了有利可图的工作机会。学生在完成B.Tech学位后可以获得以下职位:
网络工程师
自动化分析
计算机支持专家
控制工程师
电子设计工程师等。
Mechanical engineering is addressed as the ‘mother of all engineering fields’ because all the engineering disciplines are originated from this. It is also the most ancient engineering. Still, the charm of this form hasn’t faded even slightly. The job opportunities that open up after completing B.Tech in ME are mainly:
Automotive Engineer
Nuclear Engineer
Aerospace Engineer
Mechanical Engineer
Maintenance Engineer, etc.
Hope my answer might help you find the most suitable engineering discipline and make it big with a degree from a good college.
机械工程学
机械工程被称为“所有工程领域之母”，因为所有的工程学科都起源于此。它也是最古老的工程学。不过，这种形式的魅力丝毫没有减弱。完成B.Tech硕士学位后工作机会主要有:
汽车工程师
核工程师
航空航天工程师
机械工程师
维修工程师等。
希望我的回答能帮助你找到最合适的工程学科，并在一所好大学获得学位。
There are a wide range of career options available to engineers in India. Here are a few examples:
Management: Many engineers choose to pursue careers in management, whether in their current industry or in other fields. An MBA or other business-related degree can be helpful in pursuing management roles.
Research and Development: Engineers with a strong interest in innovation and discovery may choose to pursue careers in research and development. This could involve working for a private company, government organization, or academic institution.
Teaching: Some engineers choose to become teachers, either at the university level or in K-12 education. A postgraduate degree or teaching qualification may be required.
Entrepreneurship: Engineers with an entrepreneurial spirit may choose to start their own businesses, either based on their technical expertise or in other areas of interest.
Public Service: Engineers may also choose to work in government or public service roles, helping to shape policy or address important societal issues.
Data Science and Analytics: With the growing demand for data-driven insights, many engineers are choosing to specialize in data science and analytics. This can involve working with large datasets to uncover valuable insights and inform decision-making.
These are just a few examples of the many career options available to engineers in India. The key is to identify your strengths, interests, and values, and pursue a career path that aligns with them.
印度的工程师有多种职业选择。以下是几个例子：
管理：许多工程师选择从事管理职业，无论是在当前行业还是其他领域。工商管理硕士或其他商业相关学位对追求管理职位很有帮助。
研发：对创新和发现有强烈兴趣的工程师可能会选择从事研发工作。这可能涉及到为私人单位、政府组织或学术机构工作。
教学：一些工程师选择成为教师，无论是在大学还是在K-12教育体系中。可能需要研究生学位或获取教学资格。
创业精神：具有创业精神的工程师可以根据自己的技术专长或其他感兴趣的领域选择创业。
公共服务：工程师也可以选择在政府或公共服务部门工作，帮助制定政策或解决重要的社会问题。
数据科学和分析:随着对数据驱动见解的需求不断增长，许多工程师选择专攻数据科学和分析。这可能涉及处理大型数据集，以发现有价值的见解并为决策提供信息。
这些只是印度工程师众多职业选择中的几个例子。关键是要确定自己的优势、兴趣和价值观，并追求与之相一致的职业道路。