对比中印两国的工作保障，和中国相比，为什么印度人更加容易失业？

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Follow Former Chief Manager at Central Bank of India (1987–2017)Upvoted by Kamal Pallav, lives in India and Arpit Adlakha, lives in India (1997-present)2y
Job Security is important to both China and India.
The Biggest Difference is Manufacturing and Services
In China - Manufacturing is a huge huge component of the Workforce.
They make a variety of products for the Domestic and Global Customers.
It is tougher for a Company making Products for a Global Market to suddenly stop working. Demand falls very slowly and Competitors are tougher to emerge.
So in China - A Guy who joins a Company like Geely at 21 can retire from Geely at 62 with 5- 6 promotions.

工作保障对中国和印度都很重要
最大的区别在于制造业和服务业
在中国，制造业吸纳了大量的劳动力
他们为国内的和其他国家的客户生产各种各样的产品
对于 一家为全球市场生产产品的企业来说，不太容易会出现突然停工的现象。需求的下降是非常缓慢的，而且也很难出现竞争对手。
所以在中国，如果你在21岁加入了吉利这样的公司，那么你可以一直在这里工作到62岁，中间还有五六次的晋升机会。

This is because Geely, Huawei, BYDetc are Manufacturing companies and such cannot fold fast. One example is the Honor Plant. Huawei closed down 2 Plants due to Semiconductor Supply issues but later Huawei managed to open two plants to make the 45 nm Semiconductor for Intelligence in Electric and Diesel Vehicles. So there were no layoffs.

这是因为吉利，华为和比亚迪等都是制造业类的企业，这样的企业不会一下子就倒闭掉。以荣耀工厂为例，由于在半导体供应上出现了问题，华为关闭了两家工厂，但是后来华为又开了两家工厂为电动车和燃油车中的智能设备生产45纳米的半导体。所以华为没有因此而出现裁员的现象。

In India - Services form a huge chunk of the workforce
It is very easy for a Company providing services to Fold. Compared with the manufacturing industry, the service industry will upxe technology at a faster rate. For instance Something called Bots Programming and Infrastructure has caused over 5 Lakh lost Call Center Jobs.
And this happened within a mere 3 months. One fine day a Gurgaon Call Center employing 700 Workers was told “Sorry. We dont need your services”. The reason - the BPI
So this Center burdened by bank loans developed an ingenious scheme to defraud people beginning the Call Center Scam then the owners were arrested by Mumbai Police.

而在印度，吸纳大量劳动力的是服务业。
提供服务的企业是很容易倒闭的。和制造业相比，服务业技术更新迭代的速度会更快。举个例子，机器人编程和基础设施已经导致50万人失去了呼叫中心的工作。
这一切就发生在短短三个月的时间里。在一个风和日丽的日子里，古尔冈呼叫中心700名员工被告知：抱歉，我们不需要你们的服务了。而这一切的原因是因为机器人编程和基础设施。
于是这个还背负着银行贷款的呼叫中心制定了一个巧妙的计划来实施电信诈骗，但后来呼叫中心的老板被孟买警方给逮捕了。

Technology changes very fast. In India for instance we lead with Project Management in IT but now we are very far behind when it comes to AI. China, Singapore, Taiwan lead the way
Our R&D for services also is Zero. Thus we cannot evolve as fast as Singapore or Taiwan. We lose our edge and slowly our Companies start losing business.
So any company can lose any customer very quickly and it will retaliate by laying off people to maintain profits.
This is why Job Security is a problem. This is why you have Indians worried about the future of their jobs.

技术变化的非常快。比如在印度，我们在IT 项目管理方面领先，但是我们在人工智能方面远远落后。而中国，台湾地区和新加坡在这个方面处于领先地位。
我们在服务业上的研发几乎是零。因此我们无法像新加坡或者台湾地区那样快速发展。我们失去了优势，慢慢的我们的企业就会开始失去业务。
所以在印度，任何企业都有可能快速失去客户，它只能通过裁员来维持自己的利润。
这就是为什么印度会有工作保障的问题。这就是为什么印度会为未来的工作感到担心的原因。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Most workers working for Bosch or Toyota have been working in the same place for 10+ years without any worry. They begin as Trainee → Lineman 2 → Lineman 1→ Asst Supervisor → Supervisor Grade II → Supervisor Grade I
Meanwhile if you look at smaller IT Companies , call centers, Advertising Agencies, Financial Services Units etc - they close down in a matter of months to years

进入博世或者丰田的大部分员工会在同一家公司工作十年以上，他们不用担心遭到裁员。他们从实习生开始起步，然后一步步成为2线工人，一线工人，主管助理，二级主管，一级主管
与此同时如果你加入的是一些规模较小的IT企业，呼叫中心，广告公司或者是金融服务部门的话，那么在未来几个月或者几年时间内，这些公司就会倒闭
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

So its all about which job you are in.
The reason for our Terrible Job Security is due to our transformation from a Potential Manufacturing Country in 1995 to a Service HUB

所以关键在于你所从事的是什么样的工作
我们的工作之所以没有那么好的保障是因为我们在1995年从一个潜在的制造业国家转变成为了一个以服务业为中心的国家

Arihant Devapal
· 2y
Layoffs are common everywhere around the world including china. The difference mainly is the number of jobs china create is exponentially higher than india. So there are more jobs and more companies to train labour even if they lack some relevant skills.

裁员在世界各地都很普遍，包括中国在内也是如此。区别主要是在于中国创造的就业岗位数量远远超过了印度。所以中国有更多的岗位，而且中国有更多的企业愿意为劳动力提供培训，即便他们缺乏相关的技能。

Shivam Garg
· 2y
India has very less manufacturing and indegenious technology business as capital available to Technology business is very less

印度制造业企业和本土高科技企业的数量非常少，因为科技企业可以获得的资本非常少。

Ajay Giri
· 1y
Another thing that matter is discipline and responsibility. In my visit to an Electric meter manufacturing concern in Delhi in connection with official work, I got talking with the owner of the firm regarding increasing Chinese meter substituion and his falling sales. He told me that he had visited China. His experience there was mind-boggling as he found that entry time of the workers is strictly monitored. If the shift starts at 9 in the morning and someone reports for duty at 9.01, the delay of 1 minute gets recorded against his/her name and when such delays add up to say 10 to 15 minutes over a month, he gets fired for unpunctuality and indiscipline. Well, I cannot verify his story but if such is the case, then we can never wish a similar work ethics in India. But it cannot be denied that workers in China, Japan & Korea are highly disciplined.

印度另一个重要的问题是缺乏纪律和责任感。在我因公访问德里一家电表制造企业时，我和这家企业的老板谈到了中国电表在印度市场份额上升以及他所在的企业市场份额下降的事情。他告诉我他曾经去过中国。他在中国的经历令人难以置信，因为他发现工人上班时间是受到严格控制的。如果是早上9点上班，而你在9.01打卡的话，那么迟到的这一分钟就会被记下来，如果在一个月的时间里，迟到时间累计达到10到15分钟，那么你就会因为不守时，无纪律而遭到开除。我无法证实他说的故事是真是假，但是如果真是如此的话，那么我宁愿印度永远不要有这样的职业道德。但是不可否认的是，中国日本和韩国的工人的纪律性的确很强。