由于出生率直线下降，日本农村地区的学校关闭
Schools close across rural Japan as birth rate plummets
译文简介
最后2名学生毕业后，学校面临关闭...
正文翻译
汤本初中最后两名学生Aoi Hoshi和Elita Sato将于2023年3月31日毕业。这所学校加入了日本近几十年来关闭的数千所学校的行列。根据政府数据，由于该国的出生率迅速下降，日本每年约有450所学校被迫关闭。 政府批准的提高出生率的措施尚未在农村地区产生效果，例如汤本所在的地区。
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When there are more teachers than students in the graduation photo...
毕业照里老师比学生多的时候...
I remember watching a video similar to this but about a train. There was only a single girl who rides that train to her school. After she graduates, that train line will be closed because there are no passengers except her.
Huge respect to them for not closing down the schools and trains even if there are only very few students remaining. In most countries, those students will be forced to transfer to another school.
我记得看过一个与此类似但是是关于火车的视频。 只有一个女孩乘坐那列火车去她的学校。 她毕业后，那条火车线将关闭，因为除了她，没有其他乘客。
非常尊重他们，即使只剩下很少的学生，也没有关闭学校和火车。在大多数国家，这些学生将被迫转学到另一所学校。
I'm just wondering... Why they keep the trains and buses running if there's only a couple of students?
A Taxi would be faster, cheaper, more enviromentally friendly and more comfortable. (I know japanese are really introverted so that last one can be debatable.)
我只是想知道...如果只有几个学生，他们为什么要让火车和公共汽车继续运行？
出租车会更快、更便宜、更环保、更舒适。（我知道日本人真的很内向，所以最后一点值得商榷。）
@Kaltsukka taxi is cheaper? nahh it's way more expensive
出租车便宜吗？ 不，它更贵。
@Kaltsukka if you think taxis are cheaper and greener than trains then there's something wrong with your country.
如果你认为出租车比火车更便宜、更环保，那么你的国家肯定出了啥问题。
@takoyaki Yeah, but if the government pays for it, it doesn't matter. I'm just talking about from the logistics perspective.
是的，但如果政府为此买单，那没关系。我只是从后勤的角度来谈这点。
@Kaltsukka Depends on the train, I'm pretty sure most trains in Japan are electrically powered so it wouldn't cost as much nor environmentally hurt than having someone use a taxi.
这取决于火车，我很确定日本的大多数火车都是电动的，所以它不会花费很多，也不会像乘坐出租车那样对环境造成（更多）伤害。
@s. . One taxi is much much cheaper and greener than a train. Train becomes cheaper and greener when there are 500 passengers in it. One train is of course cheaper and greener than 500 taxis. But if there is only one passenger, one taxi is much cheaper and greener than a train. I am shocked you don’t see this. It’s so obvious. Same with a bus. One bus with 30 passengers is cheaper and greener than 30 cars. That’s why public transportation is the better alternative. But if there is always one passenger in the bus, one car would be cheaper and greener than a bus. You need a large scale to make public transportation cheaper and greener than individual vehicles.
一辆出租车比火车便宜得多，也更环保。当有500名乘客时，火车变得更便宜、更环保。 一辆火车当然比500辆出租车更便宜、更环保。但如果只有一名乘客，那一辆出租车比火车便宜得多，也更环保。我很震惊你没有认识到这一点，这太明显了。公交车也一样。一辆载有 30名乘客的公共汽车比30辆小汽车更便宜、更环保。 这就是为什么公共交通是更好的选择。 但如果公共汽车上总是只有一名乘客，那么一辆小汽车会比公共汽车更便宜、更环保。 你需要大规模地使用，才能让公共交通比单个车辆更便宜、更环保。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
This is a big debate here in Japan: What to do with these financially unviable railroad lines all across the nation?
Sure, students use them to commute, but is that really an only reason to maintain an expensive line? Railroads cost way more money to maintain than roads.
JR East recently released financial data on the least used railroad lines for FY2019, and the data is staggering. One especially remote section of Kururi Line, a JR East railroad line in Chiba (not too far from Tokyo), costs ¥15,546 just to earn ¥100 profit. You don’t need to be a mathematician to see where this is going. And this data is from before COVID, so the numbers are worse now most likely.
Local city/town governments wouldn’t want JR East to cease railroad service because they think railroad lines are a status symbol in a way. But JR East is a privatized company, with shareholders. How would you explain keeping these unprofitable lines to them? Why can’t JR become nationalized again? Because Japan National Railway was in such a huge debt that breaking up into several privatized companies in 1987 was decided by the government. That debt is still being repaid, 36 years after privatization…
Besides, almost everyone in the countryside here in Japan uses cars anyway.
这是日本的一场大辩论：如何处理全国范围内这些经济上不可行的铁路线？
当然，学生们使用它们通勤，但这真的是维持昂贵线路的唯一原因吗？铁路比公路要花更多的钱来维护。
东铁最近发布了2019财年使用最少的铁路线的财务数据，数据很惊人。位于千叶（离东京不远）的东铁久留里线的一个特别偏远的路段，花费了15546 日元才能赚取100日元的利润。你不需要成为一名数学家就能知道这是怎么一回事。而且这些数据是疫情之前的，因此现在的数字很可能更糟糕。
当地的市/镇政府不希望东铁停止铁路服务，因为他们认为铁路线在某种程度上是一种象征。但东铁是一家私有化的公司，拥有股东。你如何向股东他们解释保留这些无利可图的线路的原因？为什么东铁不能再次国有化？由于日本国家铁路公司负债累累，1987年政府决定分拆为几家私有化公司。私有化36年后，这笔债务仍在偿还中....
此外，日本农村几乎每个人都使用汽车。
@Kaltsukka Taxi is way more expensive. A ticket from a train station to the station of the school would probably cost 120 to 240 yen tops. But if you commute daily from a specific station to another they have a special discount for students/employees. Considering all things a trip using trains and buses with the discount would cost 150 to 300 yen daily. A taxi would start counting once you get in from 740 yen (640 in Osaka) and the same trip to school would cost 1000 to 1500 yen daily. The prices may have changed due to inflation this was back in 2018.
出租车要贵得多。 （坐火车）从一个车站到学校站的车票，大概要120到240日元。 但如果你每天从一个特定的车站到另一个车站，他们会为学生/员工提供特别折扣。考虑到所有，使用折扣乘坐火车和公共汽车出行，每天将花费150至300日元。乘坐出租车从740日元（大阪为 640 日元）起步开始计算，而同样去学校的行程每天要花费1000到1500日元。价格可能因通货膨胀而发生变化，这是2018年的。
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People, specially government officials, need to understand that population decline isn't just about people being "lazy" and not wanting to have children, it has to do with financial costs, medical attention, mental health, work culture, accessibility, and many, many other factors. There are plenty of people who would love to have a family but can't for any of the reasons I listed above. Who could've thought that improving life quality would have better results than forcing people to pop out some babies?
人们，特别是政府官员，需要明白人口下降不仅仅是因为人们“懒惰”和不想生孩子，它还与财务成本、医疗、心理健康、工作文化、容易达成性等诸多方面，以及很多其他因素有关。 有很多人希望拥有一个家庭，但由于我上面列出的任何原因之一而实现不了。谁能想到提高生活质量会比强迫人们生孩子有更好的效果呢？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I lived in a village about an hour away from this place and it was a similar story with the total number of students dropping year on year. The two middle schools in the area I worked at actually combined into one a few years after I left since one of the schools only had 30 something students across 3 grades.
It's a real shame that the rural areas just don't have the people to support a more local school. It's such a great place to live overall.
我住在离（视频）这个地方大约一个小时路程的一个村庄，这是一个（和视频中故事）类似的故事，学生总数逐年下降。 我工作的地区的两所中学实际上在我离开几年后合并为一所，因为其中一所学校只有30多名学生，分布在3个年级。
农村地区没有足够的人来支持更多的本地学校，这真是一种耻辱。 总体而言，那里是一个非常适合居住的地方。
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What village? Very interesting, may I ask how you speak English so fluently?
什么村子？ 很有意思，请问你是怎么把英语说得这么流利的？
When my dad was a kid in west Texas 90 years ago, the town he lived in had around 250 people. There were several such tiny towns in that rural area. One of those towns had a school, and a couple of buses circuited around those towns to pick up kids to take to that school. That's how it's always been in sparsely populated rural areas.
90 年前，当我父亲在德克萨斯州西部还是个孩子时，他居住的小镇大约有250人。那个乡下地区有好几个这样的小镇，其中一个城镇有一所学校，几辆公共汽车绕着这些城镇转，来接去那所学校的孩子。人烟稀少的农村历来如此。
It’s crazy they keep mentioning the birth rates but never mentions the work culture in Japan that is killing the birth rate. Really shows the priorities of policymakers.
他们一直提到出生率，却从未提及日本正在扼杀出生率的工作文化，这真是太疯狂了。 这真地显示了政策制定者的优先关注点。
always remember that policymakers are backed by huge companies...
永远记住，政策制定者是由大公司支持的....
Two major things to note about Japan’s falling birth rate:
1. Toxic work culture makes it harder to start a family.
2. Declining birth rates in developed nations is a well-documented phenomenon. Most countries counteract the lower birth rates through immigration, however Japan has not embraced this option.
关于日本不断下降的出生率，有两点值得注意:
1. 有毒的工作文化让组建家庭变得更加困难。
2. 发达国家出生率下降是一个有据可查的现象。大多数国家通过移民来抵消低出生率，但日本并没有接受这一选择。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
That has nothing much to do with the birth rate. In the 1970s, Japanese people worked much longer hours and were paid less than now, but the birth rate was more than twice the current rate. Incidentally, Finland, which is said to have the best work-life balance in the world, has a lower birth rate than Japan. In other words, there is no guarantee that the birth rate will increase if the working environment is improved.
这与出生率没有太大关系。 在1970年代，日本人的工作时间比现在长得多，工资也比现在低，但出生率是现在的两倍多。 顺带一提，被称为世界上工作与生活最平衡的芬兰，出生率低于日本。 换句话说，如果改善工作环境，并不能保证出生率会提高。
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Immigration will not improve the situation, I'm sure the WEF would love nothing more than to dump a million Syrians or Ukranians or Somalians right in the center of Tokyo one day, but mass immigration invariably causes social division and hostility between host groups and new groups. Yeah birth rates are declining, but I think its a natural consequence of Japan's rapid expansion.
移民不会改善这种情况，我敢肯定，世界XX联合组织最喜欢的，莫过于有一天将一百万叙利亚人、乌克兰人或索马里人扔在东京市中心，但大规模移民总是会导致东道国群体与新移民群体之间的社会分裂和敌意。是的，出生率正在下降，但我认为这是日本快速扩张的自然结果。
Immigrants are not a answer to low birth rates. You're just replacing natives with colonizers.
移民不是解决低出生率的办法。你只是在用殖民者取代当地人。
This problem isn't just limited to Japan. I grew up in rural area and my classroom was full. Now twenty years on they have less than half a dozen per class, two pupils in one case and the school is in danger of closing. Meanwhile families are encouraged/forced to move to big cities and towns where classes are jam packed and housing costs are sky high. Sad to see a school that's been open for a hundred years close.
这个问题不仅限于日本。我在农村长大，我（上学时）的教室里是满满的。现在二十年过去了，（学校现在）每个班只有不到六个人，有一个班只有两个学生，学校面临关闭的危险。与此同时，家庭被鼓励/被迫搬到班级拥挤、住房成本高昂的大城市和城镇。看到一所开校一百年的学校关闭，我很难过。
sad to hear this.
听到这个真的很难过。
From experience and from seeing and hearing from others. The Japanese are a closed culture. You may visit, but you are an outsider. Even if you have lived there 5-10 years. This is also why many leave.
来自（我个人的）经验以及从其他人那里看到听到的：日本文化是一种封闭的文化。你可以参观访问那里，但你只是个局外人—即使你在那里住了5-10年。 这也是很多人离开的原因。
Japan really needs to get it together and stop forcing people to work themselves to death. This isn't a big issue right now, but this could be catastrophic in the future.
日本真的需要团结起来，停止强迫人们工作至死。 现在这不是什么大问题，但将来可能是灾难性的。
It's the same even in supposedly freer society in EU and N.A. I don't know always blame work and cost of living.
You simply disprove these theories when you realise poorer people snd nations have more children despite working longer.
即使在欧盟和北美所谓的更自由的社会中也是如此。我不知道为什么人们总是责怪（日本的）工作和生活成本。
当你意识到更穷的人和国家尽管工作时间更长，但孩子更多时，你就会推翻这些理论。
The birthrates in wealthy countries are lower than poorer countries is because people in wealthy countries have more access to education and contraceptives. In the wealthier countries we als have things like pensions so there is no need for the children to take care of their parents as much as in Africa, that's why families in poorer countries are typically way larger.
富裕国家的出生率低于较贫穷国家，是因为富裕国家的人有更多机会获得教育和避孕药具。 在较富裕的国家，我们也有养老金之类的东西，所以孩子们不需要像在非洲那样照顾父母，这就是为什么较贫穷国家的家庭通常要大得多。
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This is really the result of young Japanese people not wanting to have children. These days many young Japanese don’t even want to get married. It’s a trend worldwide because we have so many other ways to spend our free time rather than raising kids. Japan’s issue is exacerbated by the long life expectancy so there are tons of old people too.
这真是日本年轻人不想生孩子的结果。如今，许多日本年轻人甚至不想结婚。 这是一种全球趋势，因为除了抚养孩子，我们还有很多其他的方式，可以来度过我们的空闲时间。日本的问题更加严峻，是因为（日本的）预期寿命很长，因此也有大量老年人。
I'm in Nagoya now. Ihe amount of youths here is quite staggering, as though Japan almost has no problem with birthrates at all. The youths need cities to thrive in because more job opportunities with high incomes are there, not in rural areas. The problem that needs to be solved first is the high-cost living. Like Korea & China now, the Japanese are reluctant to have children because everything in Japan is freaking expensive. Even if you live in the countryside, you still have bills & rentals which don't come in cheap either - believe me on this, I lived in the countryside before in the Kanto region.
我现在在名古屋。这里的年轻人数量相当惊人，仿佛日本几乎没有少子问题。年轻人需要在城市中发展，而不是在农村地区，因为城市里有更多高收入的工作机会。 首先要解决的问题是生活成本高，就像现在的韩国和中国一样，日本人不愿意生孩子，因为日本的一切都非常昂贵。即使你住在乡下，你的账单和租金也不便宜——相信我，我在来关东地区前就住在乡下。
There needs to be a cultural shift in Japan. From my understanding of it, Japan's current overwork culture stems from when it was recovering from WWII.
They've long since rebuilt, but that overwork culture stuck around even to this day. The younger generation picks up on it when there is no need to because they think it's the norm, but then it leads to problems like having no work-life balance to build families, suicides due to the stress, and literally working themselves to death.
They need to get the message out there that it's okay to relax a little bit to enjoy life. If income is an obstacle, they need to fix that to accommodate the shift in lifestyle.
日本需要进行文化转变。 以我的理解，日本现在的加班文化是从二战恢复期开始的。
他们早已重建，但这种过度工作的文化甚至一直存在到今天。 年轻一代在没必要的情况下接受了这种文化，因为他们认为这是常态，但这会导致一些问题，比如无法平衡工作与生活来建立家庭、因压力而自杀，以及实际上工作到死。
他们需要传达这样的信息，那就是放松一点来享受生活是可以的。如果收入是一个障碍，他们需要解决这个问题以适应生活方式的转变。
Its not all just birthrate, people are moving towards bigger city hubs. It's a trend and Japan just reached that peak before other nations did. There needs to be more jobs and incentive for people to stay or move towards the smaller cities.
不仅仅是出生率，人们正在向更大的城市中心迁移,这是一种趋势，日本只是先于其他国家之前（这种趋势）达到了顶峰。需要有更多的工作机会和激励措施来鼓励人们留在或搬到较小的城市。
It's also about people moving from the countryside to the city.
And that's not an issue of Japan. It happens everywhere around the globe.
Growing up my parents and grandparents told me I need to learn so I'll get a job in the city. This year the school in my village was closed and the remaining students take the school bus to another school. Most of the people born after 1990 don't live here anymore.
这也和人们从农村搬到城市有关。
这不是日本的问题，这种情况在全球各地都在发生。
在我成长的过程中，我的父母和祖父母告诉我，我需要学习，这样我才能在城里找到一份工作。今年我们村子里的学校停课，剩下的学生坐校车去另一所学校。 1990 年以后出生的人大部分都不住在这里了。
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Nothing beats traditional life, it is not just in Japan, it happens across Europe and the Northern America.
没有什么比传统生活更好的了，这种情况不仅在日本发生，在整个欧洲和北美都存在。
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this is extremely serious , population should not grow at an intense rate but should also not plummet at an intense rate
这是非常严重的，人口不应该急剧增长，也不应该急剧下降。
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While some countries in the world are experiencing over population due to high birth rate , some countries are having plummeting birth rate .
当世界上一些国家因高出生率而人口过多时，一些国家的出生率却直线下降。
This is so bizarre. I've never seen anything like this happening, and I knew about the birth rates in Japan, but not how bad they were getting.
这太奇怪了。我从来没有见过这样的事情发生，我知道日本的出生率（很低），但不知道情况变得有多糟糕。
This exactly happens in Korea as well. Low birth rates causes schools in rural area to be closed. To make matters worse, there are number of schools in Seoul are closed due to low number of students. I think birth rate is problem not only to Japan but Korea. I wish both countries cope with this problem.
这种情况也发生在韩国。低出生率导致农村地区的学校关闭。更糟糕的是，首尔有很多学校因学生人数少而关闭。 我认为出生率不仅对日本是个问题，而且对韩国也是个问题。我希望这两个国家都能解决这个问题。
The intense, rigid working conditions in Japan can have serious consequences for the population. A family needs a happy, healthy home.
日本紧张、僵硬的工作条件可能对民众造成严重后果。 一个家庭需要一个幸福、健康的家。
It does make sense to close, so the state can re-direct funds elsewhere after the two remaining students graduate. Perhaps when children in that community become of the appropriate age to attend middle school, they can attend virtually.
���I said this on someone else’s video here on YouTube, but I think it’s worth repeating… If there are people in Japan that want children or want more children, they can always adopt from other countries������♀️There are plenty of children from other nations that would appreciate a loving, happy, safe home with kind, sincere, caring parents.
关闭学校确实有意义，这样在剩下的两名学生毕业后，当地政府可以将资金重新分配到其他地方。也许当那个社区的孩子到了适合上中学的年龄时，他们就可以虚拟上学了。
我在油管上其他人的视频中说过这个（建议），但我认为值得在这个视频下重复一下（我的建议）......如果日本有人想要孩子或想要更多孩子，他们总可以从其他国家领养，有很多来自其他国家的孩子，希望有一个充满爱心、幸福、安全的家，希望拥有善良、真诚、有爱心的父母。
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As a US teacher 2 students in the classroom sounds like a dream. Over here we have overflowing classrooms and I have to teach 29 second graders by myself ���
作为一名美国教师，课堂上只有2个学生听起来像是在做梦。（美国）这边教室人满为患，我一个人要教29个二年级学生。
The same thing is happening in Denmark although it is not do to falling birthrates but rather urbanization and the lack of available work in rural areas.
同样的事情正在丹麦发生，尽管这不是因为出生率下降，而是因为城市化和农村地区缺乏工作。
If the work culture does not change this will continue to happen, also they need to move or to invest in starting big businesses in these rural areas, also starting a campaign to incentive financially move to these locations. All the big cities are taking talent away and in such a competitive environment where you need to do your best and work hard there's no time for starting a family.
如果工作文化不改变，这种情况将继续发生，他们也需要把大企业搬迁到那里，或者在这些农村地区投资开办大企业，还需要发起一场运动，以从经济上激励人们搬到这些地方。所有的大城市都在带走人才，在这样一个需要尽最大努力工作的竞争环境中，没有时间组建家庭。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The issue is that once there is a population collapse due to low birthrates you can't really fix it for a long time. Each couple needs to have a minimum of 3 kids to fix the issue which is highly unlikely if people are culturally used to not having a lot of kids.
问题是，一旦由于低出生率导致人口崩溃，在很长一段时间内，你就无法真正解决这个问题了。 每对夫妇需要至少有3个孩子才能解决这个问题，如果人们在文化上习惯于没有很多孩子的话，（解决人口问题）这是极不可能的。
From what I’ve learned about Japan they have a very strict work culture. When your working like crazy you don’t have time for relationships, or even if you do you won’t have time to think about having kids.
根据我对日本的了解，他们有非常严格的工作文化。 当你疯狂地工作时，你没有时间处理人际关系，或者即使你（有时间进行人际交往），你也没有时间考虑要孩子。
Hard to have a family and children if both parents are being forced to work long hours away from home.
如果父母都被迫长时间离家工作，是很难有家庭和孩子的。
This is just the way it is in many rural areas across the world. Where I live, more than 20 schools that used to exist don't anymore due to low number of students.
这正是世界上许多农村地区的情况。 我住的地方，过去有20多所学校由于学生人数少而不再存在。
It will be interesting to see how the japanese landscape changes as the overwhelming majority of its population lives Within several metropolitan areas.
随着绝大多数人口居住在几个大都市地区，看看日本的景观如何变化将会很有趣。
This is a far far yet to be a problem here in the Philippines. There are a lot of students even in rural areas that cannot be accomodated by schools due to having fewer classrooms. And in many public schools, classroms are already cramped, sacrificing quality education for everyone. Also, the birth rate is one of the highest in the world. Population decline here is the least to be a concern. ������
（人口减少）这在菲律宾还远未成为一个问题。即使在农村地区，也有很多学生因教室少而无法上学。 在许多公立学校，教室已经很拥挤，这牺牲了每个人的教育质量。此外，（菲律宾的）是世界上出生率最高的国家之一。 这里的人口下降是最不值得担忧的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Now it seems like Japan really is facing a devastating crisis. Who knows? If the population plummets further, then you could already imagine how many people will there be left.
现在看来，日本真的面临着一场毁灭性的危机。 谁知道呢？如果人口进一步减少，那么你已经可以想象还会剩下多少人了。