为什么古代建筑中出现了宇航员？是时光穿越吗？
What seemingly complex concept actually has an incredibly simple explanation?
译文简介
这是一个古老的传统，每当教堂进行新的修复工作时，修复者通常会加入一些现代元素。
正文翻译
The figure of an astronaut carved on the Facade of the north entrance of the Cathedral of Salamanca, in Spain, impresses everyone who comes across this unusual representation. The church, built in the Baroque and Gothic styles, was built between 1513 and 1733. What explains the presence of this modern image in such an ancient building? Theories involving ancient astronauts, time travel, and supernatural events abound as attempts to answer the question. The answer is very simple, it is in a renovation that the church underwent in 1992. The “Porta de Ramos”, as the north entrance of the Cathedral is called, was badly damaged due to the action of time. During the restoration work, the sculpture of the astronaut was added by the bricklayer Miguel Romero, under the guidance of the architect Jérômio García de Quiñones, responsible for the revitalization. The fact would have obeyed an old tradition, in which restorers usually include some modern element whenever the church undergoes new restoration work.
在西班牙萨拉曼卡大教堂北入口的正面雕刻着一个宇航员的形象，让每个遇到这个不寻常的雕塑的人都印象深刻。这座教堂建于1513年至1733年间，采用巴洛克和哥特式风格。如何解释这个现代形象出现在如此古老的建筑中？有关古代宇航员、时间旅行和超自然事件的理论比比皆是，都试图回答这个问题。答案很简单，就是在1992年教堂的一次翻修中。被称为“拉莫斯之门”的大教堂北入口由于时间的作用而严重受损。在修复工作中，在负责复兴的建筑师Jérômio García de Quiñones的指导下，瓦工米格尔·罗梅罗添加了宇航员的雕塑。这是一个古老的传统，每当教堂进行新的修复工作时，修复者通常会加入一些现代元素。
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They do the same in the UK….
他们在英国也这样做....
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Sir, that's SO damn cool….
先生，这太酷了....
Is that Alien?
那是异形吗?
Yep….
是的
Xenomorph!
异形！
That is absolutely amazing.Whoever chose to add a xenomorph is owed a night of drinks.I'll pay if I ever find them.
这真是太神奇了。谁选择加入异形的就欠喝一晚上的酒。如果我能找到他们，我会付钱的。
It would greatly confuse many future generations about when did humans achieved spaceflight
这将使许多后代对人类何时实现航天飞行产生极大的困惑
Nope. The renovations are extensively documented in the archives of both the Cathedral and the City.
不。大教堂和城市的档案中都有大量翻修记录。
Assuming those records survive a catastrophe that the carving survives.
假设这些记录在一场灾难中保存了下来，这些雕刻也保存了下来。
At which point the carving would need to be dated and/or analysis in other ways. Assuming a method to do so exists, the difference in material might be obvious.
此时需要对雕刻品进行日期测定和/或以其他方式进行分析。 假设存在这样做的方法，材料上的差异可能是显而易见的。
They will. They are replicated in many places. Official records stored in various instances, ecclesiastic records, also stored in different files…
他们会。它们在许多地方被复制。官方记录存储在不同的实例中，教会记录也存储在不同的文件中……
Assuming people read instead of listening to conspiracy theories
假设人们阅读而不是听信阴谋论
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Those studying it still ought to be aware of the practice of adding 'upxes'. Not that that would satisfy the conspiracy on social media.
那些研究它的人仍然应该注意添加“更新”的惯例。这并不能满足社交媒体上的阴谋论。
You're correct.100%.
But your expectations are naive (with all due respect).Honest people, as yourself, do not seem to grasp the possibilities for evil.
A con person knows that common people will not go through piles of academic and historical documentations.A con person knows that a lot of people are gullible.A con person knows that he only needs to fool people for a short time to acchieve his goals.
Am I a conman?No, but I've met evil.I can recognize “some" of its faces (not all, though, for there are thousands).
What really surprises me is that the church did not come out sooner with this simple explanation when this “astronaut" story went public.
Why newspapers did not debunck this fake-news?
你是正确的。100%正确。
但你的期望太天真了（恕我直言）。诚实的人，就像你一样，似乎不理解邪恶的可能性。
一个骗子知道，普通人是不会翻阅成堆的学术和历史文献的。一个骗子知道很多人是容易上当受骗的。一个骗子知道他只需要在短时间内愚弄别人就能达到他的目的。
我是个骗子吗？不，但我见过邪恶。我能认出它的“一些”脸(虽然不是全部，因为有几千张)。
真正让我惊讶的是，当这个“宇航员”的故事公开时，教会没有早点给出这个简单的解释。
为什么报纸不揭穿这个假新闻?
Look, is of common knowledge in Salamanca, and in Spain.Nobody believes that the astronaut is of medi origin.
And a perfunctory search in internet, including wikipedia, will tell you that.
Whoever doesn’t make that basic research, well, the he is wishing to be fooled.And you can do nothing with people wising to be fooled, more than put them in evidence.
看，这在萨拉曼卡和西班牙都是常识。 没有人相信宇航员是中世纪人。
在互联网上随便搜索一下，包括维基百科，就会告诉你这一点。
谁不进行基础研究，谁就希望被愚弄。 对于那些想被愚弄的人，你无能为力，除了让他们出庭作证。
It's really a case of “I believe in what I want to believe”. I didn't know about this carving but first thing that popped into my head was “maybe astronaut was added recently"?
I do know some people that would use this picture as a proof for “aliens built pyramids", etc. Even if you showed them evidence saying otherwise….
这实际上是一个“我相信我想相信的”的例子。我不知道这个雕刻，但我脑子里出现的第一件事是“也许最近增加了宇航员”?
我知道有些人会用这张照片来证明“外星人建造了金字塔”等等。即使你向他们出示了相反的证据…
My first thought was “no way it's an astronaut”
The explanation left me pleasantly surprised
我的第一个想法是"不可能是宇航员"
这个解释让我感到惊喜
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Looks to me more like a deep sea diver. What flora lives in outer space?
在我看来更像是深海潜水员。什么植物群生活在外太空?
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I had seen this image elsewhere and was confused your answer cleared my confusion thank you.
我在其他地方看到过这个图像，你的回答澄清了我的困惑，谢谢。
Astonishing - right up there with the Darth Vader grotesque on the National Cathedral in Washington D.C, in the United States….
(I’m not sure who the racoon is….)
With kind regards.
令人惊讶的是，就在美国华盛顿特区国家大教堂上，达斯·维德的奇形怪状…
(我不知道浣熊是谁....)
致以亲切的问候。
Proof the church is on the dark side…
证明教会是站在黑暗一边的…
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And what side are you on Mr Light!
你站在哪一边，光先生!
I choose to believe it's RJ from the 2006 dreamworks' classic “Over the Hedge.”
我选择相信是2006年梦工厂经典电影《篱笆墙外》（美国动画电影）里的RJ。
The Ancient Alien series made a whole episode on this and that too on History Channel , so much for Misleading people, disappointing to see people are fooled by national channels
《古代外星人》系列在历史频道上做了一整集关于这个和那个的节目，这对误导人们来说太多了，看到人们被国家频道愚弄令人失望
History channel and a lot of stuff on so called educational channels like Discovery are full of nonsense. Any information you read about/see/hear anywhere should always be researched for multiple sources. It's really sad that these educational channels are stooping to such levels for business. Children watching these channels is what concerns me the most.
历史频道和所谓的教育频道，比如探索频道，都是一派胡言。你在任何地方读到/看到/听到的任何信息都应该从多个来源进行研究。这些教育频道为了商业而堕落到如此地步，真是令人悲哀。孩子们看这些频道是我最担心的。
That epidose is about a temple in South India. This space man sculpture is not the same.
这是关于南印度的一座寺庙。这个太空人雕塑不一样。
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The problem is that these scum “journalists/documentarians” are claiming to be unbiased
问题是，这些人渣“记者/纪录片制作人”声称自己是公正的
Had this been in India they would have spread the propaganda (99.4599 % sure) that our ancestors were so far ahead of their time and mughals and Britishers destroyed everything. Our ancestors were interstellar beings and what not. They're really good at cooking stories.
如果发生在印度，他们会大肆宣传(99.4599%肯定)，说我们的祖先远远领先于他们的时代，莫卧儿王朝和英国人摧毁了一切。我们的祖先是星际生物之类的。他们真的很擅长编造故事。
Oh, people did say similar things about that one. Time travel medis and whatnot.
哦，人们确实说过类似的话。穿越中世纪什么的。
In Indonesia, most people would've probably been superstitious about stuff like this, especially for people living in rural areas. I remember one time, there was a bunch of balanced rocks in a river in Java, and the people thought something mystical could've made all those balanced rocks because they think it's impossible a human could’ve done it.
在印度尼西亚，大多数人可能会迷信这样的东西，尤其是生活在农村地区的人。我记得有一次，在爪哇的一条河里有一堆平衡的岩石，人们认为有神秘的东西可以创造出所有这些平衡的岩石，因为他们认为人类不可能做到。
I am not for revivalism,as old practices weren't without fault,but did the BRITISH and MUGHALS not loot and destroy our ancient knowledge and wealth???did they not destroy ancient seats of learning like nalanda?if they did not come and invade us then may be Renaissance which brought in era of science in west would have happened here in our nation.
我不支持复兴主义，因为旧的做法不是没有错误的，但是英国人和莫卧儿人不是掠夺和摧毁了我们古老的知识和财富吗？他们没有破坏古代的学术场所，比如那烂陀寺吗？如果他们没有来侵略我们，那么可能文艺复兴就会在我们国家发生，而文艺复兴给西方带来了科学时代。
You mentioned that it is an old tradition that restorers add new element during restoration. I can not say about any church tradition but any restoration and conservation work undertaken on buildings of cultural importance are done according to ethics laid down by UNESCO. If this addition is done in 1992, then it is definitely against the ethics which were definitely in place in 1992.
Any new addition takes away the antiquity from the building, artifact. This is the reason you see that missing parts of Ajanta paintings are never made again but the remaining parts are conserved.
Same thing you will find in all the old buildings and sculptures of cultural heritage. Broken parts ,if replaced, never replicate original structure. New parts are added just to conserve and reinforce the original structure. Originality and antiquity of the original structure must not be taken away.
If what you have written is true, then it's in clear violation of ethics of conservation and restoration.
你提到修复师在修复过程中添加新元素是一个古老的传统。我不能说任何教会的传统，但对具有文化重要性的建筑进行的任何修复和保护工作都是根据联合国教科文组织规定的道德规范进行的。如果这个增加是在1992年完成的，那么它肯定违反了1992年明确制定的道德规范。
任何新添加的东西都会带走建筑的古韵。这就是为什么你看到阿旃陀（印度阿旃陀石窟，佛教遗迹）绘画中缺失的部分永远不会再被创作出来，但剩余的部分被保存下来。
你会在所有的文化遗产的老建筑和雕塑中发现同样的事情。损坏的部件，如果更换，绝不复制原来的结构。添加新部件只是为了保护和加强原有结构。原始结构的原创性和古韵绝不能被剥夺。
如果你写的是真的，那么这显然违反了保护和修复的伦理。
The standard you are referring to relates to the designation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Those sites are identified as both culturally significant and under threat of development or disturbance. The preservation guidelines you mentioned are not a general code of ethics for all conservation and restoration, but specifically targeted to exemplars of a period and place which is unique in the world and might otherwise be damaged or destroyed.
The example in the original answer related to an element of an historic facade which was in need of repair and was restored with a slight modification that was in keeping with the historic tradition. It really depends on your opinion of what is important with regard to historic artifacts. In some cultures, value is placed on the obxt itself as a physical piece. In other cultures, value is placed on the craft and techniques of the artisans - the human expertise.
你提到的标准涉及联合国教科文组织世界遗产的指定。这些遗址被认为具有重要的文化意义，并受到开发或干扰的威胁。你提到的保护准则并不是所有保护和修复的通用道德准则，而是专门针对在世界上时期和地点都独一无二的、可能遭到损坏或破坏的的范例。
原答案中的例子涉及到一个历史建筑立面的元素，该元素需要修复，并在与历史传统保持一致的情况下进行了轻微的修改。这真的取决于你对历史文物的重要性的看法。在一些文化中，价值被放在物体本身作为一个物理部分。在其他文化中，价值在于工匠的工艺和技术——人类的专业知识。
For example, there is a shrine in Ise, Japan called Ise Jingu which has been rebuilt on a 20-year cycle for the past 1,500 years. As a result, Japan has maintained an unbroken line of craftspersons skilled in the ancient traditional arts of thatching, nail-less timber joinery, and ornamental carving, all without power tools. The shrine was last rebuilt in 2013 and planning is already underway for the next reconstruction in 2033.
I believe there is value in both approaches to preservation. Some things should be put under total protection, for all time. I also think it is good for humanity to preserve ancient skills and knowledge, even at the cost of occasionally disassembling a building.
例如，日本伊势有一座名为伊势神宫的神社，在过去的1500年里，它以20年为周期重建。因此，日本维持了一支不间断的工匠队伍，他们精通古老的传统艺术，如茅草盖屋顶、无钉细木工和装饰雕刻，所有这些都不需要电动工具。神社上一次重建是在2013年，而2033年的下一次重建计划已经在进行中。
我相信这两种保存方法都有价值。有些东西应该受到全面保护，永远保护。我还认为，保存古老的技能和知识对人类是有益的，即使以偶尔拆除建筑物为代价。