话题讨论：法国大规模抗议，欧洲各地罢工，是政治失败的后果吗?
Mass protests in France, strikes across Europe: consequences of political failure? | DW News
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话题讨论：法国大规模抗议，欧洲各地罢工，这是政治失败的后果吗?
正文翻译
In France hundreds of thousands of people have been on the streets again in a direct challenge to the plans by president Emmauel Macron to make people work longer for their pensions. Demonstrations took place in cities across the country with the unxs claiming more than four hundred and fifty thousand taking part in Paris alone. Authorities put that figure lower, but also put a record thirteen thousand police on duty. It''''s been two weeks since the president used a controversial constitutional power to bypass parliament and move on with steps to raising the retirment age from 62 to 64.
法国，数十万人再次走上街头，直接挑战总统埃马埃尔·马克龙让人们工作更长时间才能领取养老金的计划。全国各城市都举行了示威活动，工会声称仅在巴黎就有超过45万人参加了示威活动。当局降低了这一数字，但也增加了创纪录的1.3万名执勤警察。两周前，总统利用有争议的宪法权力绕过议会，继续采取措施将退休年龄从62岁提高到64岁。
unxs have again been at the forefront of the protests. They've been angered by the government's outright rejection of calls for mediation in the crisis. Macron has been playing deaf and blind for nearly two months, ignoring week after week all the anger and all the demonstrations. And now, once the law has been passed, he agrees to meet with the unxs to discuss the social agenda and so on. What he doesn’t understand, what the government does not understand, is that today the work force refuses to move on until we go back on the terms of this law."
工会再次站在了抗议的前沿。他们对政府完全拒绝调解该危机的呼吁感到愤怒。近两个月来，马克龙一直装聋作哑，一周又一周地无视所有的愤怒和示威活动。现在，法律刚刚通过，他就同意与工会会面，讨论社会议程等问题。他不明白，政府也不明白的是，今天工人们会拒绝继续工作，直到重新讨论这项法律的条款。
工会再次站在了抗议的前沿。他们对政府完全拒绝调解该危机的呼吁感到愤怒。近两个月来，马克龙一直装聋作哑，一周又一周地无视所有的愤怒和示威活动。现在，法律刚刚通过，他就同意与工会会面，讨论社会议程等问题。他不明白，政府也不明白的是，今天工人们会拒绝继续工作，直到重新讨论这项法律的条款。
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The unfortunate truth is that the government doesnt feel the publics displeasure unless they cause a little chaos. Macron knew the public didnt want this law, but showed he doesn't care by rushing the law thru. What else can the people do if theyve tried other peaceful means?
不幸的事实是，政府并没有感受到公众的不满，除了后者制造了一点小混乱。马克龙知道公众不想要这项法律，但他却通过仓促通过这项法律来表明他不在乎。如果人们尝试过其他和平方式，他们还能做什么?
The farmer doesn't listen to the sheep
农夫不听羊的话。
Clearly the public should just have some more faith in their politicians and vote! (Sarcasm)
显然，公众应该对政客更有信心，去投票!(讽刺)
The French constitution should not allow the president to make unilateral laws on the retirement age without a vote in parliament. It's shocking.
法国宪法不应该允许总统在没有议会投票的情况下单方面制定有关退休年龄的法律。此事令人震惊。
I suspect you are correct
我想你是对的。
Does this have anything to do with the fact that African nations that were once French colonies are refusing to labor for French and their pensions but instead turned their heads to China?
此事与曾经是法国殖民地的非洲国家拒绝为法国人及其养老金工作，而是把目光转向中国有关吗?
@B534hng I think it's more that African countries refused to work for the billionaired that managed to double their fortunes in a couple of years.
我认为更多的是非洲国家拒绝为那些在几年内将财富翻倍的亿万富翁工作。
Thank you to the 1st speaker for having mentioned that the Republicans who did not vote for the motion of censure did not necessarily all do so out of support for the Government but out of political calculation, so that their party did not lose too many seats. Besides, the motion of censure does not call for the dissolution of the Assembly, but only of the Government; it was Emmanuel Macron who brandished the threat of the dissolution of the Assembly if the motion of censure was adopted, precisely to cool the Republicans (who would have much to lose) from voting for it.
感谢第一位发言者提到，那些没有投票支持谴责这项动议的共和党人，不一定都是出于对政府的支持，而是出于政治算计，这样他们的政党就不会失去太多席位。此外，谴责该动议并不要求解散议会，而只是要求解散政府；是埃马纽埃尔·马克龙挥舞着威胁，如果谴责动议被采纳，他就解散议会，这正是为了让共和党人(他们会损失很大)冷静下来，不投赞成票。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
All the power to the people!
一切权力归于人民!
Working class defends its honor
工人阶级捍卫自己的荣誉。
@Ararat Mountain yeah, so France should stop giving more than required to the European unx and focus on their own country?
是的，所以法国应该停止向欧盟提供超出要求的援助，而是专注于自己的国家?
顺便说一下，俄罗斯一切都很好，但你们的人类发展指数一直在下降，经济也是如此。
You cannot govern a country without the support of the people, even in a totalitarian dictatorship.
没有人民的支持，就无法治理一个国家，即使是在极权独裁统治下。
认为可以在我们生活的伪民主中做到这一点，不是愚蠢，而是疯狂。
Don’t know where the boundary is until you cross it
你不知道界限在哪里，直到你越过它。
French people is so powerful to fight their real freedom. Great!
法国人民如此强大，能够为他们真正的自由而战。太棒了!
Finally people fight back!!!! ❤
人们终于反击了!!!!
Experts agree that Macron's step is necessary.
But... for too long too little or nothing had been done for those normal people, the workers in job, the families, basically all the "normal" people. All had been done for the wealthy, the economy, and those disadvantaged. The common man had been left out and forgotten.
专家们认为马克龙的举措是必要的。
但是……太长时间以来，对于那些普通人、在职工人、家庭，基本上所有“正常”的人，政府都没有采取什么措施。所做的一切都是为了富人、经济和弱势群体。普通人被排除在外，被遗忘了。
Fight back against what? The economic reality that longer lifespans will leave pension funds insolvent without reform?
反抗什么? 如果不进行改革，寿命延长将导致养老基金资不抵债的经济现实?
@Juan Cisneros they stop sending money to ucraine and focus on local economy
他们应该停止向乌克兰输送资金，专注于本国经济。
....guess what? It's not in your country
……你猜怎么着? 在你们国家可不这样。
@Kiriakos Spanos ma'am are you a trans woman?
女士，你是变性的女人吗？
@unprompted_ that’s a very irrelevant question!! What’s does it have to do that? I’m a trans man!
这是一个非常无关紧要的问题!! 跟这有什么关系呢? 我是变性人!
All the horror in the movie industry doesn't compare to the real evil in our governments.
电影行业的所有恐怖都无法与我们政府中真正的邪恶相比。
We in Holland have to work until 67 and we never protested about it. We have allot to learn from our French brothers
我们荷兰必须工作到67岁，我们从未对此提出过抗议。我们有很多东西要向法国兄弟们学习。
work 50 years and then die?
工作50年然后去死?
At least your farmers aren't sheep's
至少你国农民不是羊。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@MrTweetyhack kind of yes
差不多吧。
@Moritz Mytem Yes they are not sheep’s. But the protest won’t work. Our government will implement their plans if they like it or not.
是的，他们不是羊。但抗议不会起作用。不管他们喜不喜欢，我们的政府都将付诸实施其计划。
Stand up workers and common people!
Time to throw away the chains of the greedy politicians and billionaries
工人和老百姓站起来!
是时候扔掉贪婪政客和亿万富翁的枷锁了。
Isnt Macron both?
难道马克龙不是二者都是吗?
@Silent Woodfire of course he is!
他当然是！
@Silent Woodfire he's not a billionaire. He owes his position, his career and his life to billionaires. He is not even the one in charge, just a little puppet.
他不是亿万富翁。他获得现有的地位、事业和人生都取决于亿万富翁。他甚至都不是话事人，只是个小木偶。
We must work for more goals together to help each other live more efficiently and effectively
我们必须一起为更多的目标而努力，帮助彼此更有效率、更有成效地生活。
That's going to be hard when a free market economy is intentionally designed to foster competition with different groups of people working against each other.
当一个自由市场经济被有意设计成鼓励不同群体相互对抗的竞争时，这件事会很困难。
Power to the people!!!
权力属于人民！！！
Said Vladimir Lenin
列宁说的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Pavel Vasilevich great guy
伟大之人。
@Pavel Vasilevich he was a hero. Gotta crack a few eggs to make an omelette.
他是个英雄。要打几个鸡蛋才能做个煎蛋卷。
Love it, power to the people
我喜欢，权力属于人民。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
It's not at all necessary to raise the retirement age... simply tax the wealthy at the same rates as they used to be taxed in the 20th century.
根本没有必要提高退休年龄。只需按照20世纪的税率对富人征税。
Interesting insight into French politics.
对法国政治的有趣见解。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
It's what happens when too much profit goes to the shareholders and not enough to paying wages. You can only squeeze people and costs so much to maintain a "healthy" share price. Not exactly Bioscience.
当太多的利润流向股东而不够支付工资时，就会发生这种情况。为了保持“健康”的股价，只能压榨员工和成本。不完全是生物科学。
France had a bank bailout?
法国有银行救助?
I wish our United States people can do this to defend our right.
我希望我们美国人民能够这样做来捍卫我们的权利。
One hundred likes. Breaking the railroad strike was the last straw. Can you imagine if that happened in France?!?
一百个赞。中断铁路罢工是压垮他的最后一根稻草。你能想象这种事发生在法国吗?!?
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
We need more unxization! Solidarity! We go through it, too!
我们需要更多的工会! 团结! 我们也会度过难关!
May have to do with raising the age for the pensions and giving tax cuts to corporations to pay less taxes.
可能与提高领取养老金的年龄和为企业减税以减少纳税有关。
Lowering corporate tax makes sense when those profits get reinvested in workers and business in order to raise overall productivity. The bigger issue is capital gains tax: Why isn't it a progressive tax? Income from capital gains is still income, and income tax is progressive because small households pay a larger percentage on basic living expenses. Why doesn't that apply to income made from capital ownership? If we want to make everyday people benefit from a growing economy when wages stagnate we need them to have a meaningful stake in it.
降低公司税是有意义的，因为这些利润可以再投资于工人和企业，以提高整体生产率。更大的问题是资本利得税：为什么它不是累进税? 来自资本利得的收入仍然是收入，所得税是累进的，因为小家庭在基本生活费用上支付的比例更高。为什么这不适用于从资本所有权中获得的收入? 在工资停滞不前的情况下，如果我们想让普通民众从不断增长的经济中受益，我们需要他们在其中拥有重大的利益。
I as an Indian am very worried about the Human Rights violations in Germany and France. People there are clearly stressed out and very unhappy.
作为一个印度人，我非常担心德国和法国的侵犯人权行为。那里的人们显然压力很大，非常不开心。
I admire the solidarity of the French people. They have not been successfully divided and conquered as so many of us around the world have been. There is a lesson to be learned here.
我钦佩法国人民的团结。他们没有像我们全世界许多人那样被成功地分裂和征服。这是一个值得吸取的教训。
The French people can teach us how to unite against governments who make decisions against the will of the people...
Well said Summer,I'm surprised your message made it through.
法国人民可以教会我们如何团结起来反对违背人民意愿的政府……
说得好，Summer，我很惊讶你那条信息能发出来。
Slava France.
法国万岁。
The reform is good
这项改革是好的。
@Alexander Littlebears would you explain more? It's good for a boss, yes, but the majority is not the boss.
你能再解释一下吗? 对老板来说是好事，但大多数人不是老板。
Workers of the world unite!
全世界工人团结起来!
Vladimir Lenin
弗拉基米尔·列宁。
@Pavel Vasilevich Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
卡尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯。
@Pavel Vasilevich you really like that guy huh
你真的很喜欢那家伙啊。
This is why working for the city of New York was amazing because the New York City unxs where the best and extremely powerful they wouldn’t ever allow a politician effect our jobs we would vote them out of office. After 20 years you can choose to retire so many people started working at 20 years old at 40 years old there are retired with a pension and most importantly medical benefits for life. I took my pension and retired in Colombia for a fraction of the cost. I figured why work until I’m 65 when I will be half dead. Life’s to short enjoy
这就是为什么为纽约市工作是极好的，因为纽约市工会是最好的，非常强大，他们永远不会允许一个政客影响我们的工作，我们会投票让他们下台。20年后，你可以选择退休，所以很多人在20岁开始工作，在40岁的时候退休，有养老金，最重要的是终身医疗福利。我拿到退休金，在哥伦比亚退休，只花了很少的钱。我想为什么要工作到65岁，那时我已经半截入土了。生活是短暂的，要好好享受。
How about raised tax by 1% to 1.3% and move the retirement age to 61 year old
把税率提高1%到1.3%，把退休年龄（从62岁）变成61岁怎么样。
I thought DB was already striking for years now, considering the quality of their service lol
考虑到他们的服务质量，我认为DB已经罢工多年了，哈哈。
DB is the best car advertisment Germany could wish for.
DB的汽车广告是德国所能期望的最好的。
Whole of Europe under unrest, streets filled with protests.
整个欧洲动荡不安，街道上充满了抗议。
印度人民呼吁欧洲国家采取切实措施恢复社会秩序。印度注意到欧洲民主和民主力量面临的威胁，印度人民对整个欧洲普遍存在的无法无天和人权状况表示深切关注。
我们正在密切关注事态的发展，并准备帮助那些争取权利的民主力量。
Keep going france..
继续前进，法国……
In UK we retire at 67-68 and we had no strikes ☹️
在英国，我们在67-68岁退休，我们没有罢工。
Its also about how he passed the law, and a trigger point for other greivences.
这也与他通过这项法律的做法有关，并引发了其他重大事件。
When citizen loose confidence in their government, this is hard to bring it back. But this is the result of years of lies, politic of little friends,misconduct, ...
Bad omens
当公民对政府失去信心时，就很难重新找回信心。但这是多年的谎言、小朋友们的政治伎俩、不当行为的结果……
不好的预兆。
increase people salary and no extend retirement age. stop aid to Ukraine and use the money to fill the pension gap
提高人们的工资，不延长退休年龄。停止对乌克兰的援助，用这笔钱来填补养老金缺口。
@George Kung the money we are sending to Ukraine is a pittance in comparison to the costs of the retirement, this will also cost us much longer than the war in Ukraine
我们送去乌克兰的钱与退休的花费相比是微不足道的，花费的时间也将比乌克兰战争更长。
Arrogance and over reach IMO
在我看来，这是傲慢和不自量力。
this assumes Ukraine war will end. more aid from Europe to Ukraine and make America Great Again
这是假设乌克兰战争会结束。但欧洲会向乌克兰提供更多援助，让美国再次伟大。
@George Kung If we taxed investments and tax shelters, we could fund both Ukraine and French pensions. Putin's personal wealth could probably fund both for years.
如果我们对投资和避税者征税，我们就可以同时为乌克兰和法国的养老金提供资金。普京的个人财富很可能够这两件事用很多年。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
It becomes ridiculous if the "working class" is destroying property of the "working class". Makes you wonder in that case what the real interest is of those who do this,
如果“工人阶级”正在破坏“工人阶级”的财产，那就变得可笑了。在这种情况下，我不禁想知道这些人的真正兴趣是什么。
Benjamin Fox hits the nail on the head — the combination of “austerity measures” with huge bank bailouts is perfect a recipe for unrest.
本杰明·福克斯一针见血——“紧缩措施”与巨额银行救助相结合，是引发动荡的完美药方。
Rich people telling the poor how long they have to work for
富人告诉穷人他们得工作多长时间。
That's exactly the point. Why on earth french have to accept to work till they die on the basis that there is not enough money to pay pension when 85% of global resources are howned by a 10%? No, they shouldn't accept that, and we shouldn't accept that either.
这正是问题的关键。全球85%的资源被10%的人拥有，为什么法国人要因为没有足够的钱支付养老金而接受工作到死? 不，他们不应该接受，我们也不应该接受。
I guess they could hace allowed peopel to retire earlier but get a lower payout... but then that payout would probably and arguably be too low. When you arn't working all day there are plenty of things you can do to cut costs though, and you havn't got any kids to take care of any longer.
我猜他们本可以让人们早点退休，但得到较少的补贴……但这样一来，这笔支出可能(而且可以说)会很低。当你不用整天工作的时候，你可以做很多事情来削减开支，而且你也不需要再照顾孩子了。
@Reno Zed The global ownership of resources doest afect that much the account balance of CNAV.
资源的全球所有权对CNAV账户余额的影响并不大。
No kidding right. Meanwhile it's the taxpayers who pay the government people's pay cheques. They talk like they serve the people, yet they behave like the people serve them.
不是开玩笑，对吧。与此同时，纳税人却在为无数政府人员的工资支票买单。他们说得像为人民服务，做得却像人民为他们服务。
@Peter Zimmerman It is not only about retiring age, it is about government working for the rich instead of the people.
There is plenty of money to cover everything if it were more evenly distributed.
不仅是退休年龄的问题，也是政府为富人服务而不是为人民服务的问题。
如果把钱平均分配的话，就有足够的钱来支付所有的费用。
@Duncan'ovic Reminds me of a communist relative by marriage in the family who came by on a visit.... My Mother and father had built themselves a small summer cabin that spring with their own hands and then he came by, got to sleep over, eat our food and at the table he said he didn't think such property should be owned by private owners and should be made available to the public. Ofcourse, years later when he had his own house and comforts he didn't seem quite so charitable.
让我想起了家里的一个共产主义者亲戚，他曾到家拜访....那年春天，我的母亲和父亲亲手建造了一座避暑小屋，然后他来了，在我们家过夜，吃了我们的食物，在餐桌上他说，他认为这样的财产不应该属于私人所有，而应该向公众开放。当然，多年以后，当他有了自己的房子和舒适的生活时，他似乎不那么仁慈了。
@Peter Zimmerman well guess what, he wasn't a communist, and you obviously don't know what communism is.
你猜怎么着，他不是共产主义者，你显然不知道共产主义是什么。
My opinion, for what it is worth, is they may have decided to enmerder Macron
我的观点是，无论如何，他们可能已经决定砍了马克龙的X。
Rich people say the poor have to work harder, it is for saving Ukraine for America's rich arms lobby.
富人说穷人必须更努力工作，这是为了拯救乌克兰，为美国富有的军火游说集团服务。
If this happened in USA people would burn stores and gas stations.
如果这发生在美国，人们会烧毁商店和加油站。
@Peter Zimmerman it's currently the case. Very few people retire at 62, but by raising the retirement age, you lower the pensions of people working aftet (as the pension increases each 3 months of worn after the age of retirement) and retrieve this possibility to the people that can't continue
目前的情况就是这样。很少有人在62岁退休，但通过提高退休年龄，降低了人们的养老金(因为退休年龄后每3个月养老金就会增加)，并降低那些无法继续工作的人（拿养老金的）可能性。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In Australia the retirement age pension is 67
Why all the complaints?
在澳大利亚，退休年龄是67岁
（法国）为什么有这么多抱怨?
Yeah but I think your Human Development Score is higher so you guys don't crash as bad at that age
是的，但我认为你们的人类发展分数更高，所以你们在那个年龄不会衰老得那么严重。
Perhaps the way it was implemented in an autcratic IMO way
在我看来，这种做法或许是专制的。
The question should be, Why are the Australians not complaining?
问题应该是，为什么澳大利亚人不抱怨?
67 same as Sweden but that doesnt make that right!
Its for many people way to difficult to work at those age
67岁，和瑞典一样，但这并不能证明它是正确的!
对许多人来说，在那个年龄工作很困难。
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If you don't undersand..Well.. It's true you people love kings we don't..
如果你不明白……好吧，看来你国人民确实喜欢国王，而我们不……
Its the way he pushed it through. And also a trigger point for people already dissafected over other issues. Always more to the story mate.
（人们抗议的）是他推行的方式。对于那些已经对其他问题感到不满的人来说，这也是一个引爆点。事情总归不会这么简单，伙伴。
@Nesepo Some are but there is a problem with conformism.
有些是，但有一个因循守旧的问题。
this is not strictly macron's fault, this has been a slow burn to undermine working class. macron sidestepping normal policies to farce this through, that is his fault. There are other options to raising retirement age. people have been working for 40+ years and now you think you can just change the game?
这并不完全是马克龙的错，这是一个慢慢削弱工人阶级的过程。马克龙绕过正常政策，以闹剧的方式通过这一法案，这是他的错。提高退休年龄还有其他选择。人们已经工作了40多年，现在你认为你可以改变游戏?
Barley working for 40 years is still barley working. People of France don't know what it means to actually work
松松垮垮工作40年依然是松松垮垮的工作。法国人不知道真正的工作意味着什么。
@Mike Jones Just because they don't want to work themselves to death like some other countries, and actually enjoy a work-life balance, is something I, as an American, envy them for. They don't take pride in being sleep deprived, forced to work overtime nor feel undue loyalty to corporations and jobs that would dump them the moment it's convenient for their bottom line.
就因为他们不想像其他国家那样工作到死，而是真正享受工作与生活的平衡，这是我作为一个美国人羡慕他们的地方。他们不会因为睡眠不足、被迫加班而感到骄傲，也不会对公司和工作产生过分的忠诚，因为一旦对他们的底线有利，他们就会抛弃公司和工作。
@Брендан going from 62 to 64 isn't a big deal. It's just being lazy. If it was say 62 to 72 well sure be mad but that isn't the case at all.
从62岁变成64岁没什么大不了的。就是懒惰。如果是62岁改为72岁，肯定是疯了，但事实并非如此。
@Mike Jones The issue isn't the age. From the information given in the news, the issue is that law was passed despite needing a vote, the vote saying "No" and then getting rushed through anyways. That's why they're mad, which if this is correct, they have every right to be. Why vote if the result has already been decided?
问题不在于年龄。从新闻中提供的信息来看，问题是这项法律在需要投票，而投票说“不”的情况下，不管不顾的匆匆通过了。这就是他们生气的原因，如果这是正确的，他们完全有理由生气。既然结果已经决定了，为什么还要投票呢?
@Брендан No its all about age. It is well known political suicide in French politics to mess with the retirement age because theyre so freaking lazy over there regardless if its warranted. (Ya know because people are living much longer.) Which is why the policy was enacted the way it was.
不，这都是年龄的问题。扰乱退休年龄在法国政坛是众所周知的政治自杀，因为他们太懒了，不管这是否合理。(你知道，因为人们活得更长了。)这就是为什么政策是这样制定的。
马克龙不必担心连任，但议会的其他成员不会在这个问题上冒险，因为他们想继续掌权。
I highly admire French people and their fight for their rights and equality. Meanwhile, in the USA, mass shootings occur daily, but people don't protest.
The decadence of society.
我非常钦佩法国人民以及他们为自己的权利和平等而奋斗的精神。与此同时，在美国，大规模枪击事件每天都在发生，但人们并不抗议。
社会的堕落。
Don't live in fear, just prepare for the worst.
不要生活在恐惧中，要做最坏的打算。
China and Russia might change that? Wat u think?
中国和俄罗斯可能会改变这种局面?你怎么想?
Lol talk about a complete lack of understanding of, well, anything.
哈哈，对一件，嗯，任何，完全缺乏了解的事情夸夸其谈。
I think people all over the world are fed up with the government
我想全世界的人都受够了政府。
"It's the poor politics". No, it's not. It's the policy. Even if they'd handed out cakes the reaction would have been the same. It's not a failure of communication, it's a failure of policy.
“这是糟糕的政治”。不，不是。这是政策。即使他们分发蛋糕，反应也会是一样的。这不是沟通的失败，而是政策的失败。
Macron delivered for the donor class.
马克龙向捐款人阶层履行了诺言。
i've personally witnessed almost 3 generations of technological progress . Somehow never in this time could we afford to make peoples lives better ; now the common man is being asked to sacrifice what he was promised .
我亲眼见证了近三代人的技术进步。无论如何，在这个时代，我们永远无法让人们的生活变得更好；现在，他们要求普通人牺牲所得到的承诺。
Putin sees Europe in turmoil. Europe is playing right into Putin's hands.
普京看到欧洲陷入动荡。欧洲正中普京的下风。