纽约老鼠肥胖率激增，“地下鼠人”或将占领纽约
What are the weirdest examples of natural sextion in nature?
译文简介
老纽约的老鼠就是地道。
正文翻译
Since they became prent in NYC, they have posed an increasing threat to New Yorkers, growing larger and more aggressive. They have, in some cases, grown to over two lbs and 20 inches long.
自从它们在纽约流行以来，它们对纽约人的威胁越来越大，变得越来越大，越来越有攻击性。在某些情况下，它们已经长到超过2磅和20英寸长。
However, the differences between other brown rats and NYC rats are not just on the surface. It turns out that NYC rats have fundamentally begun to evolve differently than their counterparts.
然而，其他棕色大鼠和纽约大鼠之间的差异不仅仅是表面上的。事实证明，纽约老鼠已经从根本上开始进化，与它们的同类不同。
然而，其他棕色大鼠和纽约大鼠之间的差异不仅仅是表面上的。事实证明，纽约老鼠已经从根本上开始进化，与它们的同类不同。
As The Guardian puts it, “Then the researchers compared the genomes of the city’s rodents with those of nine brown rats from Heilongjiang province in north-east China, the original home of Rattus norvegicus. Their findings – posted last week on online site bioRxiv – included a list of several dozen rat genes that showed major changes in DNA over the centuries as the species spread from Asia to Europe and on to America, and from the countryside into cities. These altered genes include those associated with diet, behaviour and movement, and reflect the ever-present need for rats to adapt to the challenges of living with humans in a city. The pressures include increased danger from disease and changes in diets, said the scientists, among them Pleuni Pennings of San Francisco State University and Jason Munshi-South of Fordham University.”
正如《卫报》所说，“然后，研究人员将该市啮齿动物的基因组与来自中国东北黑龙江省的九只棕色老鼠的基因组进行了比较，黑龙江省是褐家鼠的原始家园。他们的研究结果上周发表在bioRxiv网站上，其中包括几十种老鼠基因的列表，这些基因显示了几个世纪以来，随着老鼠从亚洲传播到欧洲，再到美洲，从农村传播到城市，DNA发生了重大变化。这些改变的基因包括那些与饮食、行为和运动有关的基因，反映了老鼠在城市中与人类生活在一起的挑战。包括旧金山州立大学的Pleuni Pennings和福特汉姆大学的Jason Munshi-South在内的科学家说，这些压力包括来自疾病的危险增加和饮食的变化。
正如《卫报》所说，“然后，研究人员将该市啮齿动物的基因组与来自中国东北黑龙江省的九只棕色老鼠的基因组进行了比较，黑龙江省是褐家鼠的原始家园。他们的研究结果上周发表在bioRxiv网站上，其中包括几十种老鼠基因的列表，这些基因显示了几个世纪以来，随着老鼠从亚洲传播到欧洲，再到美洲，从农村传播到城市，DNA发生了重大变化。这些改变的基因包括那些与饮食、行为和运动有关的基因，反映了老鼠在城市中与人类生活在一起的挑战。包括旧金山州立大学的Pleuni Pennings和福特汉姆大学的Jason Munshi-South在内的科学家说，这些压力包括来自疾病的危险增加和饮食的变化。
Turns out a different lifestyle among rats might be able to reflect in DNA change over time (originally put decades, which was my mistake in translating the literature).
事实证明，随着时间的推移，老鼠不同的生活方式可能会反映在DNA的变化中(最初是几十年，这是我在翻译文献时的错误)。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
事实证明，随着时间的推移，老鼠不同的生活方式可能会反映在DNA的变化中(最初是几十年，这是我在翻译文献时的错误)。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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Eventually we will end up with the ROUSs of New York City. Then we will need to pay adventurers to cull them.
最终我们将看到纽约市被体型异常的啮齿动物占领。然后我们就需要付钱给冒险家去捕杀它们。
I don’t think they exist.
我认为它们不存在。
That’s what they want you to think.
这就是他们希望你思考的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Terriers will step too and save us all!
梗类犬（一种小型犬类）会来拯救我们!
“This is heresy. There are no gigantic bipedal ratmen dwelling underneath the old city”
这是异端邪说。老城下面没有巨大的双足老鼠居住。”
Apparently, Red Slider turtles can live in New York, live in Sewers, can live to be more than 20 years old, and can eat pizza
and about 15 years after the Three Mile island incident, iirc, there was a marked drop in violent crime in New York
hmmmmmm
显然，红腹彩龟(北美淡水龟)可以住在纽约，可以住在下水道，可以活到20岁以上，还可以吃披萨
大约在三哩岛核泄露事故15年后，纽约的暴力犯罪有了明显的下降
嗯……
Makes sense. People back off at an aggressive rat. The strategy pays off
很有意义。人们在遇到有攻击性的老鼠时退缩。这个策略是有回报的
Yeah but then the regular people just call in exterminators, the professionals who will kill a lot more of them than just one person or family could've killed.
是啊，但普通人会叫来灭鼠人，这些专业人士会杀死比一个人或一个家庭杀死的多得多的老鼠。
I’ve been thinking over this issue. In an environment with an overabundance of food, animals do tend to grow larger, don’t they? That’s why salmon and deer are reported to grow smaller in the last decades.
我一直在思考这个问题。在食物过剩的环境中，动物确实会变得更大，不是吗？这就是为什么三文鱼和鹿在过去几十年里长得越来越小的原因。
Not just animals, humans too. The average human nowadays is taller and wider than the average human 100 or 200 years ago. That’s how an influx of vitamins and minerals affect the bodies of all species given enough time.
不只是动物，人类也一样。现在的普通人比100或200年前的普通人更高更宽。这就是在足够的时间内，维生素和矿物质是如何影响所有物种的身体的。
When they squeak now, you’ll notice a very sharp New York accent…
当它们吱吱叫的时候，你会注意到它们有很尖锐的纽约口音……
“20 inches and 2 pounds”
That’s not a rat, that’s a fucking chihuahua at this point.
“20英寸2磅”
那不是老鼠，那是他妈的吉娃娃。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Lol.
哈哈
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
There is a mosquito, Culex pipiens molestus, that is unique to the London Underground…. The progenitor only bit birds.
有一种蚊子，叫地下库蚊，是伦敦地铁特有的....它的祖先只咬鸟。
On a Facebook group for birders that I belong to there was a debate about whether it is a good idea to feed bread and other human food to garden birds. Apparently not too healthy for them. But it set me wondering to what extent city birds have evolved over the centuries to adapt to this new environment. Not sure whether much research has been done on it, but it would not surprise me at all if city birds are far better adapted to eat human food than we think.
在我所属的一个Facebook观鸟者小组中，有一场关于用面包和其他人类食物喂花园鸟类是否是个好主意的辩论。显然对他们来说不太健康但这让我想知道，几个世纪以来，城市鸟类在适应这种新环境方面进化到了什么程度。我不确定是否对此做了很多研究，但如果城市鸟类比我们想象的更适应吃人类食物，我一点也不惊讶。
Almost certainly a cultural adaptation rather than genetic, but in the UK robins are liked by humans and so are very bold in the presence of humans. In Europe - where they’re shot or eaten like any other bird - they’re just as wary as every other bird.
几乎可以肯定这是一种文化上的适应，而不是基因上的，但在英国，知更鸟很受人类的喜爱，所以在人类面前非常大胆。在欧洲，它们像其他鸟类一样被射杀或吃掉，因此它们和其他鸟类一样警惕。
It’s been proven that city song birds sing at higher decibel levels, to be heard over city noise; so I wouldn't be surprised.
I'm more concerned with how much public bird feeding has been helping the rats.
事实证明，城市歌唱的鸟以更高的分贝歌唱，以便在城市噪音中被听到；所以我不会感到惊讶
我更关心的是公众喂鸟对老鼠的帮助有多大。
What can people expect when they throw leftover fries and pizzas into the streetside trash cans? It's literally a buffet for the little creatures, and I won't even be surprised if there are ninja turtles living in the sewers.
当人们把剩下的薯条和披萨扔到路边的垃圾桶里时，他们在期待什么？这简直就是这些小生物的自助餐，如果下水道里住着忍者神龟，我也不会感到惊讶。
Moreover, in most of New York City, the only way to leave out trash for collection, except for large buildings, is to put it in plastic bags and put the bags on the sidewalk on collection day. It is not rare to see a rat scampering across the sidewalk from a building to a bag or vice versa. The bags are supposed to be heavy and difficult to tear or puncture and to be closed securely, but….
此外，在纽约市的大部分地区，除了大型建筑物外，唯一的垃圾收集方法是将垃圾装入塑料袋，并在收集日将塑料袋放在人行道上。老鼠在人行道上从建筑物跑到袋子里，或者反过来跑到袋子里，这种情况并不少见。这些袋子应该很重，很难撕裂或刺破，并安全关闭，但....
Rat’s can chew through c，oncrete. A hefty bag ain’t gonna stop ‘em.
老鼠可以咬穿混凝土。一个大袋子阻止不了他们。
more aggressive
Just like humans living in NYC then?
更具侵略性
就像生活在纽约的人类一样吗?
lmao..yes
笑掉我屁股…是的
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Textbook evolution. The situation changes, those individuals unsuited to that change are less likely to reach breeding age and find a mate.
Those individuals who are luckily better suited pass their genes on.
Thankfully this means incels will always be a minority.
教科书式的进化。环境发生了变化，那些不适应这种变化的个体不太可能达到繁殖年龄并找到配偶。
幸运的是，那些更适合的个体把他们的基因传递下去。
值得庆幸的是，这意味着非自愿单身者永远是少数。
Trust me. You DO NOT want to mess with NYC rats. Just go on about your business. You didn't see nuthin.
相信我。你不会想惹上纽约老鼠的。继续你的事吧。你什么都没看到。
Are there NYC cats to match?
纽约有捕猎的猫吗?
There used to be. NYC feral cats would take down squirrels, crows, and rats; but then NYC went to the dogs.
Annoying yappers & killer hunting/ fighting/ security breeds, being walked on every street, drove them out of sight.
Some have gathered at special conservatories (private lots, yards, etc), where they’re fed & cared for - essentially becoming outdoor pet cats; but I imagine the ones that retreated to junkyards, derelict buildings, back alleys, and sewers are even tougher, now.
Of course, it seems sewer rats are evolving from food to competition… let’s see if a new breed of cat emerges.
以前有。纽约的野猫会吃掉松鼠、乌鸦和老鼠;但后来纽约被狗狗打败了。
烦人的喋喋不休者和杀手狩猎/战斗/安全品种，行走在每条街上，把猫们赶出了视线。
有些猫会聚集在特殊的温室(私人场地、院子等)，在那里它们被喂养和照顾——基本上成为户外宠物猫；但我想那些撤退到垃圾场、废弃建筑、后巷和下水道的猫现在甚至更坚强。
当然，下水道老鼠似乎正在从食物进化为竞争对手……让我们看看是否会出现一种新的猫。
Don’t be surprise if Master Splinter will come up from his Sewer heaven to fight criminals with his 4 disciples ; Michaelangello, Leonardo, Raphael and Donatello.
如果斯普林特大师会从他的阴沟天堂和他的四个弟子一起打击罪犯，不要感到惊讶；米开朗基罗，达芬奇，拉斐尔和多纳泰罗。
I once worked for a large, brand-leading ice cream company. It was observed that, despite the company’s best efforts, it became impossible to prevent rats living and nesting inside the huge cold-store containing the wide range of the company’s products held at minus 30 C. Whenever a rat was seen and then hunted down it was noted that it had acquired a thick fur as a means of surviving the cold.
A good example of adaptation!
我曾经在一家品牌领先的大型冰淇淋公司工作。据观察，尽管该公司尽了最大的努力，还是无法阻止老鼠在零下30摄氏度的巨大冷库中生活和筑巢，冷库中存放着该公司的各种产品。每当人们看到并追捕老鼠时，都会注意到它长了厚厚的皮毛以抵御寒冷。
这是一个适应的好例子!
Almost certainly not acquired a thick fur as a means of surviving the cold, but born with thicker fur than other rats and so better adapted to surviving the cold.
几乎可以肯定的是，厚厚的皮毛不是为了抵御寒冷而获得的，而是天生就比其他老鼠的皮毛更厚，因此更适应寒冷。
Or a switch in the epigenome was activated by the change in the environment which resulted in growing fur necessary to survive. It's called lightning-fast adaptation.
或者，表观基因组中的一个开关被环境的变化激活，从而导致生存所必需的皮毛的生长。这被称为闪电般的适应。
That or it found a jacket and worn it lol kidding, thanks for.reliable info.
或者它找到了一件夹克并穿上了它，哈哈，开玩笑，感谢可靠的信息。
Yeah, they love pizza now. Soon, they will be driving taxis.
是的，他们现在喜欢披萨。很快，他们将驾驶出租车。
I wonder if they will ever be pushed to evolve intelligence
我想知道它们是否会被逼着进化出智能
They’re highly intelligent animals already. I would imagine that intelligence would be an asset in a city environment, and would be sexted for.
它们已经是非常聪明的动物了。我可以想象，在城市环境中，智能将是一种资产，并将被自然选择。
Coming Soon: NY Godzilla vs. the Rat Monster.
即将上映：纽约哥斯拉大战鼠怪。
I was thinking of an animated Gangs of New York remake but all the characters are rats. But your idea sounds even cooler.
我在考虑翻拍《纽约黑帮》的动画，但所有的角色都是老鼠。但是你的想法听起来更酷。
Can this be due to steroid hormones injected in beef and sheep ? All these meat waste disposed can be eaten by the rats.
这是因为在牛肉和羊肉中注射了类固醇激素吗?所有这些被处理掉的肉类废料都能被老鼠吃掉。
Yes, DNA may play a part but the increase in rat size is more likely to do with the abundance of food available to them in New York City = basically rat obesity.
The increased aggression shown by New York City rats over their non-city counterparts is probably do to taking on the typical New York City residents, in-your-face attitude. Research will reveal that the same rat-attitude exists in New Jersey, as well
是的，DNA可能起了一定的作用，但老鼠体积的增加更可能与纽约市丰富的食物有关=基本上是老鼠肥胖。
与非城市老鼠相比，纽约老鼠表现出更强的攻击性，可能是由于它们表现出了典型的纽约居民“直来直去”的态度。研究将揭示，同样的老鼠态度也存在于新泽西州
One day, they will train a group of turtles to become ninjas fighting crimes in the city
总有一天，他们将训练一群乌龟成为打击城市犯罪的忍者