你认为中国的歼-31战机比F35更好吗?

C M Global head, credit and business development. (2018–present)

信贷和业务发展全球主管。(2018年至今)

Is the J-31 better than the F-35?
No. Let’s look at the reasons why:

J-31比F-35好吗？
不会，让我们看看原因：

Engines - The F-135 is a mature and startlingly reliable powerplant that is a full generation ahead of the copied engines China is putting on its copied stealth fighter. It is a more fuel efficient, cleaner burning and much more sophisticated turbofan that has enormous growth potential in it to scale up as the F-35 does in future. The RD-93 engine the J-31 uses is much older (it is actually a copy of an engine originally from a MiG-29) much smokier and has less advanced thrust and fuel management computers. It burns more fuel . Neither aircraft can super cruise, though the F-35 is probably closer to being able to.
RESULT - F-35 dominates here - it’s not even close. Should be a draw once J-31 gets its new engines (assuming they meet reliability targets and work as promised)
Avionics - the Chinese will have copied avionics (more from the F-22 than the F-35 as I understand it) but again, the F-35 will be superior in this respect. The Chinese jet probably has faster processors but weaker components. It should be borne in mind that the problem with copying things is you don’t have their development path so although you can copy something at a certain point in its development, it’s improvements and incrementals are much harder to map out - put simply if you don’t know where you’ve been, it’s harder to know where you’re going. This is true of the threat warning receivers, engine management software and flying computers that control the surfaces.
RESULT - F-35 wins here but by a small margin as the J-31 probably has faster processors.

引擎：F135发动机是一款成熟可靠的发动机，比中国正在FZ的隐形战斗机上使用的FZ的引擎领先整整一代。这是一种更省油、燃烧更清洁、更复杂的涡扇发动机，在未来有巨大的增长潜力，可以像F-35那样扩大规模。J-31使用的RD-93发动机要老得多（实际上是米格-29发动机的复制品），烟雾更大，推力和燃料管理计算机更不够先进。它燃烧更多的燃料。这两款飞机都无法实现超音速巡航，不过F-35可能更接近这个程度。
结论：F-35在这方面占领先地位，则歼-31还差的远。但是一旦J-31获得新引擎，这将是一场平局（假设它们达到可靠性目标，并如承诺那样工作）
航空电子设备：中国将FZ航空电子设备（据我所知，更多来自F-22，而非F-35），但再次强调，F-35在这方面将更出色。中国喷气式飞机可能有更快的处理器，但组件较差。应该记住，复制带来的问题是你没有他们的开发路径，所以尽管你可以在某一阶段复制某样东西，但它的改进和增量很难绘制出来——简单地说，如果你不知道自己去过哪里，就更难知道自己要去哪里。威胁警报接收器、发动机管理软件和控制飞机表面的飞行计算机都是如此。
结论：F-35在这方面获胜，但差距不大，因为J-31可能拥有更快的处理器。

Sensors/Radar - the J-31 has the same plug n play AESA radar as the JF-17. It is not as capable as the APG-81 in the F-35 . It is likely with two RD-93s the J-31 does not generate enough stable electrical power to run an avionics suite and radar. It is also worth pointing out that J-31 can carry an electro optical scanning system and an IRIS IR system but these are podded. The F-35s EOTS is fitted on board and does not need an IR system as it’s EOTS has an IR mode. The J-31 carrying these in pods somewhat downgrades its stealth.
RESULT - again, F-35 dominates here.
Agility - the J-31 being a copy of the F35 should be similarly as agile but is underpowered right now . I don’t put any stock in Airshow performances - they tell you nothing of provable value. Agility should be close but the F-35s more upxed and improved avionics could allow the computers to offer an edge in instantaneous turn rate and roll rate. It’s superior thrust to weight ratio and likely better energy bleeding characteristics should give it the edge in climb performance and sustained turn rate.
RESULT - The F-35 wins but by a small margin.

传感器/雷达：J-31与JF-17具有相同的即插即用有源相控阵雷达（AESA）。它的能力不如F-35中的AN/APG-81有源相控阵雷达。J-31可能搭载两个RD-93发动机，（不然）无法产生足够稳定的电力来运行航空电子设备和雷达。同样值得指出的是，还值得指出的是，歼-31可以携带光电扫描系统和IRIS IR系统，但这些都是吊舱式的。F-35的电子光学标准系统(EOTS)安装在飞机上，不需要红外系统，因为它的EOTS具有红外模式。搭载这些吊舱的J-31在一定程度上降低了它的隐身能力。
结论：再次强调，F-35在这方面占据主导地位。
敏捷性：作为F-35的复制品的J-31应该与F-35一样敏捷，但目前动力不足。我不相信航展上的表现——他们告诉你的没有任何可证明的价值。机动性应该接近，但f -35更新和改进的航空电子设备可以使计算机在瞬时转弯率和滚转率方面具有优势。它优越的推力重量比和可能更好的能量消耗特性应该使它在爬升性能和持续转弯率方面具有优势。
结论：F-35以微弱优势获胜。

Armament - The F-35 has a clear lead here as the Chinese jet hasn’t even lofted a war load yet. The F-35 has. It can carry AIM-9X, AMRAAM latest block, ASRAAM, ARRGM, JASSM-ER, LRASM, Spear 3, JAGM, SOM, MALD, Rockeye, Delilah, Popeye, Python5, SDB, any flavour JDAM you like, JSOW, Paveway, even a B-61 nuke etc. The J-31 is a decade away from being able to lift anything like this spread of weapons. By then the f-35 will be capable of carrying the new long range replacement to the AMRAAM and the new HARM derivatives amongst lots of other things. The J-31 cannot compete with this. The F-35 can carry four large and two small AAMs internally without compromising stealth. The J-31 has two smaller bays and can carry about the same load though the F-35 can loft more externally. J-31 should be able to exceed this again once it gets its new engines in a few years.
RESULT - F-35 in a different league at the moment.
Stealth - the two aircraft are very similar so we can expect the J-31 to be very close if not the same as the F-35 in frontal aspect stealth
RESULT - a draw.
Numbers - for now with only two J-31 test birds flying round, years from operations then a comparison with the circa 370 F-35s flying (of which several dozen are mission operational) is not really worthwhile. The Chinese will likely not be able to afford to build more J-31s . Such aircraft are expensive and this is probably why Shenyang have not found any other nation partner or contractor to come in with them on the project to spread the development costs.
RESULT - F-35 in an insurmountable lead here.

武器装备——F-35在这方面有着明显的领先优势，因为中国喷气式飞机甚至还没有在战争中投放过武器，而F-35是有的。它可以携带“响尾蛇”AIM-9X空空导弹、最新的先进中程空对空导弹（AMRAAM）、先进近距空空导弹(ASRAAM)、AARGM-ER反辐射导弹、"联合防区外空对地导弹"(JASSM)的增程型——JASSM-ER导弹、"远端反舰导弹"(lrasm）、SPEAR 3导弹、联合空地导弹(JAGM)、 “防脱”防空导弹(SOM)、MALD空射诱饵弹、 Rockeye 集束炸弹、“黛利拉”（Delilah）巡航导弹 、突眼(Popeye) 空地导弹 、Python-5短程空对空导弹、小直径灵巧炸弹(SDB)、任何你喜欢的联合直接攻击弹药(JDAM)、 联合防区外武器(JSOW)、美制铺路（Paveway,美国研发的雷射导引炸弹名），甚至B-61核弹等等。J-31还要十年才能搭载这类武器。届时，F-35将能够携带新型的AMRAAM 替代导弹和新的高速反辐射导弹(HARM)衍生产品等许多其他产品。J-31无法与之竞争。F-35内部弹仓可以携带四枚大型和两枚小型空对空导弹，而不会影响隐身效果。J-31有两个较小的弹舱，可以携带差不多的载荷，而F-35可以从外部挂载更多的弹舱。几年后，一旦J-31搭载新的发动机，它应该能够再次超越这一水平。
结论：F-35目前处于另一个级别。
隐身：两款飞机非常相似，因此我们可以预计J-31在正面隐身方面与F-35非常接近。
结论：平局。
数量：目前只有两架歼-31测试机在飞行，与大约370架f -35相比(其中几十架正在执行任务)是没得比的。中国人很可能负担不起建造更多的J-31战机。这类飞机造价高昂，这可能就是为什么沈阳没有找到其他国家合作伙伴或承包商与他们一起参与项目，以分摊开发成本的原因。
结论：F-35在这里取得了不可逾越的领先优势。

Training - The Americans have been flying stealth aircraft for over three decades . The Chinese have zero operational experience of stealth aircraft and they have only a handful of test pilots who have been flying the J-31. It’s one thing to make a clone copy of something but it is something else entirely to know how to use it or how to fight with it.
RESULT - F-35 huge win. Not even close.
Versatility - The J-31 is a multirole strike fighter just like the F-35 is but has no STOVL or CATOBAR capability. It may yet be navalised to use on the Type 001A carriers but that is a decade or more away. Huge amount of testing needed to do before that. Meanwhile the F-35 has vertical takeoff and CATOBAR carrier versions already operational. In terms of strategic value you can’t compare the two.
RESULT - F-35 wins again.

训练：美国人已经驾驶隐形飞机超过三十年了。中国人没有驾驶隐形飞机方面的作战经验，他们只有少数飞行员试飞过J-31。制作某个东西的克隆副本是一回事，但知道如何使用它或如何与之抗争则完全是另一回事。
结论：F-35大胜，甚至差距不是一点点
多功能性：J-31和F-35一样，是一种多用途战斗机，但没有短距起飞垂直降落（STOVL）或弹射式起飞与拦阻式降落（CATOBAR）能力。它可能会在001A型航母上使用，但那需要十年或更长的时间。在此之前需要进行大量测试。与此同时，F-35具有垂直起飞能力，具备CATOBAR能力的航母版本已经投入使用。就战略价值而言，你无法对两者进行比较。
结论：F-35再次获胜。

Overall - the J-31 will eventually be a good aircraft, but a lot has to happen before that. It needs reliable and more powerful new engines, new F-35 type tactical helmet for the pilots actually flying the thing, thousands of hours of testing, untold amounts of weapons integration, probably a EOTS internally etc . Once all this happens it will be a compelling force for countries like Taiwan or the Philippines who have nothing in its class.
It is important I think to see the J-31 as a stepping stone to a much more compelling 5.5 or 6 gen stealth platform the Chinese will eventually want to bring to production. By the time J-31 is fully war ready and has all its bugs ironed out, new engines, testing etc, the Chinese will probably have a concrete design for its replacement ready to go - a lot sooner than you might think too. Aircraft design (and hacking abilities) are moving so fast now that new aircraft face obsolescence issues before they are even flown, especially when trying to catch up on technically superior designs. I remain skeptical the PLAAF will ever deploy the J-20 or J-31 in great numbers. Partly due to cost but also because of the cost of bringing these designs up to parity with foes such as the F-35. If you’re going to spend ten billion dollars on it, you might as well pump the money into a newer project that won’t be obsolescent on service entry.

总的来说，J-31最终将是一架性能优越的战机，但在此之前还需要做很多工作。它需要搭载可靠和更强大的新引擎，新的F-35型战术头盔提供给实际驾驶飞机的飞行员，数千小时的测试，数不清的武器集成，内部可能搭载电子光学标准系统(EOTS)等。一旦这一切得到满足，这将是一种不可抗拒的力量，对台湾（地区）或菲律宾这样没有同类的战机的国家来说是不可抗拒的力量。
我认为，重要的是将J-31视为中国最终将要生产的更具吸引力的5.5或6代隐形平台的垫脚石。等到J-31完全做好战争准备，所有的漏洞都已解决，新引擎、测试（不足）等，中国人可能会有一个具体的替换方案，这比你想象的要快得多。飞机设计(以及黑客能力)的发展如此之快，以至于新飞机甚至在飞行之前就面临着过时的问题，尤其是在试图追赶技术上更先进的设计时。我仍然怀疑中国空军是否会大量部署歼-20或歼-31。部分原因是成本，但也因为要使这些设计与F-35等对手的设计相媲美，需要花费大量的资金。如果你打算在这方面花费100亿美元，你不妨将资金注入一个战机服役时不会过时的新项目。

I think the money and time required to bring the J-31 to the level of parity with today’s F-35 is so great that the Chinese will realise that today’s F-35 will be an even better and more capable foe than it is now in ten years, and that the money and resources is better funnelled into something truly sixth gen using the valuable technical lessons afforded to them by building the J-20 and J-31.
Let’s also not kid ourselves or each other that China will fill the skies with the J-31 and have a numerical advantage such as their ground forces might usually enjoy. These are incredibly expensive pieces of kit with a fully trained pilot in the cockpit and China simply won’t be able to afford to build hundreds of these. They have a massive economy yes but cannot spend the money on defence that the US does. There are many other multi, multi, multi billion dollar projects that are sucking money from China right now - inducting the new carriers, providing J-15s with good engines to actually fly off them, modernising the massive standing army, new missile projects, building more T99 tanks, Type 055 cruisers etc.

我认为将歼-31提升到与今天的F-35不相上下的水平所需要的金钱之多和时间之长，以至于中国人会意识到，今天的F-35在十年后将成为比现在更好、更有能力的敌机，而这些金钱和资源最好在利用制造歼-20和歼-31提供给他们的宝贵技术经验的基础上投入到真正的第六代战机上。
我们也不要自欺欺人地说中国将令歼-31战机满天飞，拥有地面部队通常才享有的数量优势。这些都是极其昂贵的装备，驾驶舱里还得有一名训练有素的飞行员，中国根本配置不起数百架这样的战机。他们经济规模的确庞大，但不能像美国那样把钱花在国防上，当前中国还要维持许多其他需要花费数十亿美元的项目——引进新航母，为歼-15提供良好的发动机，使其真正起飞，现代化庞大的常备军，新的导弹项目，建造更多的T99坦克和055型大驱等等。

Rahul Singh
J-31 vs F-35. F-35 is combat ready. Same cannot be said about J-31. Lets compare the two in brief:
Stealth: US is pioneer in stealth technology, with number of stealthy air frxs in-service. They know the limitations and advantages of stealth technology. China not so much. They are pretty much novice in there, its there only second attempt in stealth technology. Also not much is known about its capability. J-31 can improve, but it has to go through that transition phase of learning and improving.
Engine: Again US have massive advantage here. They have been working on jet engine since world war II. China has learned a lot by reverse engineering Russian jet engines, and hacking. But the final product has to stand the test of time.

J-31 vs F-35：F-35已做好战斗准备，J-31的情况并非如此，让我们简单比较一下这两者:
隐形：美国是隐形技术方面的先驱，在役的隐形飞机数量众多。他们知道隐形技术的局限性和优势。中国没有那么多。他们在这方面几乎是新手，这是隐形技术方面的第二次尝试此外，人们对它的能力也知之甚少。歼-31可以改进，但它必须经历学习和改进的过渡阶段。
引擎：美国在这方面同样拥有巨大优势。自第二次世界大战以来，他们一直在研究喷气发动机。通过对俄罗斯喷气发动机进行逆向工程和黑客攻击，中国学到了很多。但最终产品必须经受住时间的考验才行。

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