The first full-scale, self-propelled car was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769: it was a steam-powered tricycle. A variety of steam cars were then built during the first half of the 19th century.

1769年，尼古拉·约瑟夫·居纽制造了第一辆全尺寸的自动推进汽车:这是一辆蒸汽动力三轮车。19世纪上半叶，制造了各种各样的蒸汽汽车。

In 1886, a German engineer invented the first practical automobile, which is designed to be propelled by an internal combustion engine. Due to several improvements and advancements over the next decades, cars became widely available in the early 20th century.

1886年，一位德国工程师发明了第一辆实用的汽车，它被设计成由内燃机驱动。由于接下来几十年的几项改进和进步，汽车在20世纪初变得广泛可用。

Today, there are about 1 billion cars in use worldwide, and the number is increasing substantially, especially in newly industrialized countries like India and China.

今天，全世界大约有10亿辆汽车在使用，而且这个数字还在大幅增加，尤其是在像印度和中国这样的新兴工业化国家。

All cars available in the market can be classified on different parameters. For example, according to the energy sources, cars can be classified as diesel, petrol, electric, and hybrid ones.

市场上所有的汽车都可以根据不同的参数进行分类。例如，根据能源，汽车可以分为柴油，汽油，电动和混合动力汽车。

In fact, private organizations and governments have created car classification schemes, which are used for a variety of purposes, ranging from descxtion and regulation to categorization of vehicles.

事实上，私营组织和政府已经制定了汽车分类计划，用于各种目的，从车辆的描述和管理到分类。

Below, we have categorized cars according to their designs. Each design has its own pros and cons, and it’s up to people which one suits them better and how they want to use it.

下面，我们根据汽车的设计对它们进行了分类。每种设计都有自己的优点和缺点，这取决于人们哪种设计更适合他们，以及他们想如何使用它。
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Since there are different categorizations in Europe, North America, Australia, and other parts of the world, we have listed the most popular car types as per their shapes and purposes.

由于欧洲、北美、澳大利亚和世界其他地区有不同的分类，我们根据车型和用途列出了最受欢迎的车型。

1. Hatchback

1.掀背车


Example: Holden Astra, Kia Picanto
Plus point: A utilitarian small car with impressive fuel efficiency

加分点：一款实用的小型车，燃油效率令人印象深刻。

A hatchback car features a hatch-type rear door that opens upwards and is hinged at the roof level, providing convenient access to cargo space.

掀背车的特点是一个舱口式后门，向上打开，铰接在车顶水平，提供方便的货物空间。

The modern form of the hatchback body style became popular in the 1970s. Although this type of body style refers to a small car, hatchback doors are also used in SUVs, sports cars, and mid-size luxury cars.

现代形式的掀背车身风格在20世纪70年代变得流行起来。虽然这种类型的车身风格指的是小型车，但掀背车门也用于SUV、跑车和中型豪华车。

They are extremely popular in cities where the parking space is limited, and fuel prices are very high.

在停车空间有限、燃料价格非常高的城市，它们非常受欢迎。

2. Sedan (Saloon)

2.轿车(轿车)


Example: Honda Accord, BMW 5 Series
Plus point: Elegant and comfortable

加分点:优雅舒适

Sedan is the most popular type of cars worldwide. It has a three-box configuration with a separate engine compartment, passenger seating, and cargo trunk.

轿车是世界上最受欢迎的汽车类型。它有一个单独的发动机舱、乘客座位和货舱的三箱配置。

Typically a sedan features two rows of seats and a B-pillar that supports the roof. They may differ in class and size, which leads to further categorization, such as full size, mid-size, sports, and luxury sedans.

典型的轿车有两排座位和支撑车顶的B柱。它们可能在级别和大小上有所不同，这导致了进一步的分类，例如全尺寸、中型、运动型和豪华轿车。

This type of car was first used in 1912. During the 20th century, close-coupled sedans and coach sedans were very popular in the United States.

这种类型的汽车于1912年首次使用。在20世纪，紧凑型轿车和经济型轿车在美国非常流行。

3. Limousine

3.豪华轿车


Example: Cadillac One, Hongqi L5
Plus point: Custom build, have a private passenger compartment

加分点:定制建造，有一个私人乘客车厢

The word ‘limousine’ comes from the French region ‘Limousin.’ It’s an ultra-luxury car designed to fulfill owners’ sumptuousness needs.

“limousine”这个词来自法国地区“利穆赞”这是一款超豪华汽车，旨在满足车主的奢华需求。

The limousine body features a partition that separates the driver from the rear passengers. In German-speaking countries, these cars are also called sedans, while a greatly lengthened wheelbase is known as Stretch-Limousine.

豪华轿车的车身有一个隔板，把司机和后排乘客隔开。在德语国家，这些车也被称为轿车，而轴距大大加长的车被称为加长豪华轿车。

As the name suggests, stretch-limousines are longer than normal limousines with extra seating along the sides of the cabin. They are mostly used for parties, weddings, and other social events.

顾名思义，加长豪华轿车比普通豪华轿车更长，机舱两侧有额外的座位。它们主要用于聚会、婚礼和其他社交活动。

4. Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)

4.运动型多功能车


Example: Chevrolet Tahoe, Toyota Highlander
Plus point: Raised ground clearance, better off-road abilities

加分点: 提高离地间隙，更好的越野能力

There is no standard definition of SUVs, and their usage varies between countries. Many definitions consider any vehicle with off-road design features to be an SUV, while some claim that an SUV should be developed on a light-truck chassis.

SUV没有标准的定义，它们的用法因国家而异。许多定义认为任何具有越野设计特征的车辆都是SUV，而一些定义则声称SUV应该在轻型卡车底盘上开发的才算。

Generally, an SUV combines elements of off-road vehicles and road-going passenger cars. It features four-wheel drive, increased ground clearance, large wheels, and aggressive exterior design.

一般来说，SUV结合了越野车和公路车的元素。它采用四轮驱动，增加离地间隙，大型车轮和积极的外部设计。

Based on the size, they can be further categorized into mini, compact, mid-size, full-size, and extended-length SUVs. As of 2019, SUVs are the world’s largest automotive segment, accounting for more than 36% of the world’s passenger car market.

根据尺寸，它们可以进一步分为迷你，紧凑型，中型，全尺寸和加长SUV。截至2019年，SUV是全球最大的汽车细分市场，占全球乘用车市场的36%以上。

5. Crossover

交叉车型


Example: Audi Q5, Nissan Rogue,
Plus point: Better comfort and fuel economy than SUVs

加分点：比SUV更舒适、更省油。

Crossover and SUV are often confused as both types of cars have a lot in common. Crossovers are built with unibody construction and are often based on platforms shared with passenger cars.

交叉车型和SUV经常被混淆，因为这两种车有很多共同点。交叉车型采用一体式结构，通常基于与乘用车共享的平台。

Compared to SUVs, crossovers have a more compliant ride, better fuel economy, and superior interior comfort. However, they have less off-road capabilities than pickup truck-based SUVs.

与SUV相比，交叉车型拥有更舒适的乘坐体验、更好的燃油经济性和卓越的内部舒适性。然而，与基于皮卡的SUV相比，它们的越野能力较差。

As of 2006, crossover models dominated more than half of the overall SUV market in the United States. Since the early 2010s, they have also become increasingly popular in Europe. By 2018, European sales of mid-sized and compact crossover models continued to surge.

截至2006年，交叉车型占据了美国整个SUV市场的一半以上。自21世纪初以来，它们在欧洲也变得越来越受欢迎。到2018年，中型和紧凑型跨界车型的欧洲销量继续激增。
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6. Wagon

6.旅行车
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Example: Ford Mondeo, Mazda 6
Plus point: More headspace, a large cargo area

加分点: 更多的顶部空间，一个大的货物区域

A wagon car is similar to a hatchback car but with a longer body (to provide the same cabin space as sedans) and an extended roofline (to maximize the cargo space).

旅行车类似于掀背车，但车身较长(提供与轿车相同的客舱空间)和加长的车顶(最大限度地增加货物空间)。

Unlike hatchback, they have steeper rake at the rear, D-pillar, the third row of seats, and rear suspension built for increased load capacity.

与掀背车不同，它们在后部、D柱、第三排座椅和后悬架有更陡的倾角，以增加负载能力。

Wagon cars were well sold between the 1950s and 1907s; however, their popularity gradually declined with the introduction of SUVs and minivans. The vehicle has evolved over the years, and it continues to influence the automotive industry.

旅行车在20世纪50年代至1907年代期间很畅销；然而，随着SUV和小型货车的推出，它们的受欢迎程度逐渐下降。多年来，汽车不断发展，并继续影响着汽车行业。
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7. Pickup Truck

7.皮卡


Example: Foton Tunland, GMC Canyon
Plus point: Impressive off-road performance and towing capabilities

加分点:令人印象深刻的越野性能和牵引能力

Pickup trucks are light-duty trucks with an open cargo area and an enclosed cab. A regular pickup consists of a single door set and single seat row, while extended pickups add another row of small seats behind the main seat.

皮卡是一种轻型卡车，有一个开放的货运区和一个封闭的驾驶室。普通皮卡由单门和单座组成，而加长皮卡则在主座后面增加了另一排小座位。

They are generally used for passenger transport and equipped with the all-wheel-drive system. Integrating the vehicle with a camper shell can provide a small living space for camping, while slide-in truck campers can be used as a motorhome.

它们通常用于客运，配备全轮驱动系统。将车辆与露营车外壳整合在一起可以为露营提供一个小的生活空间，而滑入式卡车露营车可以用作房车。
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They are mostly used as a passenger car in North America and accounts for nearly 18% of the total vehicles purchased in the US. Full-sized pickups are a major source of revenue for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford, and General Motors.

在北美，它们大多被用作乘用车，占美国汽车总购买量的近18%。全尺寸皮卡是菲亚特克莱斯勒汽车、福特和通用汽车的主要收入来源。

8. Minivan

8.小型货车


Example: Honda Odyssey, Toyota Sienna
Plus point: Spacious, comfortably transports passengers

加分点：宽敞、舒适地运送乘客。

All minivans — also called multi-purpose vehicles in Europe — are primarily designed to transport people in the rear seating rows, which can be reconfigured in two or three rows.

所有的小型货车-在欧洲也被称为多用途车-主要是为了运送后排座位的人，这些座位可以重新配置成两到三排。

It comes with a ‘two-box’ or ‘one-box’ body configuration, a high H-point seating, a sliding door for rear passengers, and a higher roof.

它配备了“两箱”或“一箱”车身配置，高H点座椅，后排乘客的滑动门，以及更高的车顶。

Today, minivans are available with a wide range of tech options, stylish interiors, impressive handling, and performance. As of 2018, the three highest selling minivans in Europe were SEAT Alhambra, Ford S-Max, and Volkswagen Sharan.

如今，小型货车拥有广泛的技术选择、时尚的内饰、令人印象深刻的操控和性能。截至2018年，欧洲销量最高的三款小型货车是Seat Alhambra、福特S-Max和大众Sharan。

9. Microcar

9. 迷你车


Example: REVAi, Smart K
Plus point: Cause less-traffic congestion, economical

加分点：减少交通拥堵，经济实惠。

The term ‘microcar’ is often used for the smallest size of cars with engines smaller than 700 CC. Although most of them are powered by diesel or petrol, electric microcars have become more popular in the last decade.

迷你车一词通常用来指发动机小于700cc的最小尺寸的汽车。尽管大多数电动微型汽车是由柴油或汽油驱动的，但电动微型汽车在过去十年里变得更加流行。

They have 3 or 4 wheels. Specific types of microcars (also called Kei cars in Japan) include voiturettes, quadricycles, bubble cars, and cyclecars.

他们有3或4个轮子。特定类型的微型汽车(在日本也称为Kei汽车)包括小型车、四轮车、泡泡车和自行车。

Many European countries classify microcars separately from other conventional cars, using the same regulations as mopeds or motorcycles. Thus, this type of car often has relaxed criteria for licensing and registration. Also, they are subject to lower insurance costs and taxes.

许多欧洲国家将微型汽车与其他传统汽车分开分类，使用与轻便摩托车或摩托车相同的法规。因此，这种类型的汽车通常放宽了许可和注册标准。此外，他们受到较低的保险费用和税收。

10. Coupe

轿跑车


Example: BMW M2, Audi R8
Plus point: Sportier look, better acceleration and braking performance

加分点: 运动外观，更好的加速和制动性能

A coupe is a two-door body type with a sloping rear roofline, typically based on the full-size sedan. However, many automobile companies have been marketing four-door cars as coupes for almost two decades.

轿跑车是一种双门车身类型，后车顶倾斜，通常基于全尺寸轿车。然而，近20年来，许多汽车公司一直将四门汽车作为双门轿车进行营销。

The body type of a coupe features a two- or four-seat cabin with limited space in the back row. It includes top of the range trim level and engines. Nowadays, most sports and muscle cars come with a coupe body, including Lamborghini Aventador, Bugatti Veyron, and Ford Mustang.

轿跑车的车身类型采用双座或四座座舱，后排空间有限。它包括顶级的修整水平和引擎。如今，大多数跑车和肌肉车都配有轿跑车身，包括兰博基尼系列的埃文塔多、布加迪威龙和福特野马。

They are well known for their high-performance, luxury features, and stylish looks. But since this type of car is reserved for the luxury market, affordable car manufacturers do not offer that many coupe models.

它们以高性能、豪华功能和时尚外观而闻名。但由于这种类型的汽车是为豪华市场保留的，平价汽车制造商不会提供那么多轿跑车型。

10. Muscle Car

肌肉车


Example: Dodge Challenger, Ford Mustang GT
Plus point: High-performance at an affordable price

加分点:高性能，价格合理

The term ‘muscle car’ originated for the 1960s and 70s special editions of mass-production cars that were specially designed for drag racing. It’s an American term for high-performance cars.

“肌肉车”一词起源于20世纪60年代和70年代专为飙车设计的量产车特别版。这是美国人对高性能汽车的称呼。

Usually, a muscle car features rear-wheel drive, a large V8 engine with a powerful configuration, and a lightweight two-door body. This type of car is quite less expensive than sports and personal luxury cars.

通常，肌肉车采用后轮驱动，配置强劲的大型V8发动机，以及轻型双门车身。这种车比跑车和私人豪华车便宜得多。

In other words, they are an extension of the hot rodding concept, in which a large-displacement engine is fitted in a small car in order to boost straight-line speed.

换句话说，它们是在小型汽车上安装大排量发动机以提高直线速度的热杆概念的延伸。

11. Convertible (Cabriolet)

敞篷车


Example: Chevrolet Camaro, Porsche 911
Plus point: Breathtakingly stylish, allows an open-air driving experience

加分点：令人叹为观止的时尚，提供露天驾驶体验

Convertibles give you an option to drive without a roof in place. The retracting and storing mechanism of the roof depends on the car model. The most common type of retractable roofs are detachable hardtop and folding textile roof.

敞篷车让你可以选择在没有车顶的情况下驾驶。车顶的缩放和储藏机构取决于车型。最常见的可伸缩屋顶是可拆卸的硬顶和折叠式纺织车顶。

Modern convertibles come with a sporting appearance and all necessary safety features such as rollover protection structures, safety cage construction, door-mounted side-impact airbag, and heated rear window for better visibility.

现代敞篷车具有运动外观和所有必要的安全功能，如翻车保护结构、安全笼结构、车门安装的侧面碰撞安全气囊和加热后窗，以提高能见度。

The potential drawbacks of these cars are reduced structural rigidity and cargo space. They are also not preferred in cities with high air pollution and traffic congestion.

这些汽车的潜在缺点是降低了结构刚性和货物空间。在空气污染和交通拥堵严重的城市，它们也不是首选。

12. Hot Rod

改装老爷车


Example: Rover 10, Ford Popular
Hot rods are classic American cars with heavy engines tuned for faster speed. Although the origin of the car’s name is not clear, some claim that ‘hot’ refers to ‘hotting up’ the car for higher performance, and ‘rod’ relates to the camshaft that was often upgraded to increase power output.

改装老爷车是美国的经典汽车，重型发动机经过调整，速度更快。虽然汽车名称的来源尚不清楚，但有人声称“热”是指“加热”汽车以获得更高的性能，“杆”与凸轮轴有关，凸轮轴通常经过升级以提高功率输出。
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The vibrant culture of hot rods is still present, especially in the US, UK, Canada, Sweden, and Australia. The hot rod community is divided into two groups: hot rodders and street rodders. Members of both groups are really car nuts.

生机勃勃的改装车文化仍然存在，特别是在美国、英国、加拿大、瑞典和澳大利亚。改装车社区分为两个群体：老式经典改装和街头改装。这两个群体的成员都是真正的汽车狂人。