Brits support universal basic income by 20-point margin
- A majority of voters in the UK support a guaranteed monthly income from the state in every region, in both major social classes and in all age groups under 65.

支持引入全民基本收入的英国人比例高出20个百分点
——在英国的每个地区，无论是主要的社会阶层还是65岁以下的所有年龄段，大多数选民都支持政府提供每月收入保障。



新闻：

Nearly half of all British adults (48 per cent) would support the introduction of a universal basic income (UBI), according to a YouGov poll shared exclusively with the New Statesman.

根据舆观与《新政治家》独家分享的一项民意调查，近一半的英国成年人（48%）支持引入“全民基本收入”。



（译注：支持者48%，反对者28%，多出20个百分点。）

A UBI would provide every UK resident with a guaranteed monthly income from the state. Unlike existing benefits such as Universal Credit, the payment would be made without means-testing or work requirements.

全民基本收入将为每个英国居民提供政府每月保证的收入。与通用福利金等现有的福利不同的是，这笔支付不需要进行经济状况调查或工作要求。

A plurality supported the policy in every region, in both major social classes and in all age groups under 65.

在每个地区，无论是主要的社会阶层还是65岁以下的所有年龄组，都有多数人支持这项政策。

YouGov found that the policy also has broad support in Italy, Spain and Germany. Support in Germany and Italy was similarly split by party and age, though in Spain it was older age groups that were most supportive.

舆观发现，该政策在意大利、西班牙和德国也得到了广泛支持。在德国和意大利，支持度也同样因党派和年龄而分裂，而在西班牙，支持度最高的是年龄较大的人群。

All groups polled in the UK agreed that a UBI would increase living standards and reduce poverty. However, Conservatives, Leave voters and pensioners expressed concern that the policy would reduce economic growth.

在英国接受调查的所有群体都同意全民基本收入将提高生活水平，减少贫困。然而，保守党、脱欧选民和退休人员担心该政策会降低经济增长。

Indeed, the affordability of a UBI was the greatest concern for the general public, with 45 per cent believing that the government would be unable to pay for the policy (against 35 per cent who disagreed).

事实上，全民基本收入的支付能力是公众最关心的问题，45%的人认为政府将无力支付这项政策（35%的人持不同意见）。

Last year, parliament’s Work and Pensions Committee advised the government against introducing a UBI, arguing the policy would be “extremely expensive, and would not target support at people who need it most”.

去年，议会的工作与养老金委员会建议政府不要引入全民基本收入，认为该政策将“极其昂贵，而且不会针对最需要的人提供支持”。

Estimates of the policy’s cost vary widely, owing to disagreement over the suitable level of payment. YouGov’s poll found that a majority of all social classes, age groups and regions in Britain think that a UBI should be enough to live on without any other form of income (54 per cent of all respondents), though a sizeable minority believe it should be set lower and supplemented by employment income or other benefits (41 per cent).

由于对适当的支付水平存在分歧，对该政策费用的估计差异很大。舆观的民意调查发现，英国所有社会阶层、年龄群体和地区的大多数人认为全民基本收入应该足够在没有任何其他形式的收入的情况下生活（54%的受访者），尽管相当多的少数派认为应该把全民基本收入设得更低，并辅以就业收入或其他福利（41%）。

A 2017 study by the Institute for Policy Research examined a range of possible UBI schemes, examining their distributional effects and cost. The authors concluded that “such schemes either have unacceptable distributional consequences or they simply cost too much”.

Policy Research 2017年的一项研究调查了一系列可能的全民基本收入计划，考察了它们的分配效果和成本。作者总结道，“这样的计划要么带来了不可接受的分配后果，要么就是成本太高”。

However, a 2020 study estimated that a UBI could eradicate child and pensioner poverty at a cost of £67bn, similar to the cost of the Covid-19 furlough scheme. The researchers suggested the scheme could be paid for by getting rid of corporate subsidies and tax breaks.

然而，2020年的一项研究估计，全民基本收入可以消除儿童和养老金领取者的贫困，成本为670亿英镑，和新冠肺炎休假计划的成本差不多。研究人员建议，该计划可以通过取消企业补贴和税收减免来支付。

In January this year, a report by the New Economics Foundation called for a mixed system, combining a minimalist UBI with a minimum income guarantee, which it calls a “Living Income”. The system would cost an estimated £137bn, which the think tank suggests could be raised by abolishing the personal tax allowance. It calculated that such a policy could lift 760,000 people out of poverty and boost the average income of the poorest 10 per cent of households by £2,000.

今年1月，新经济基金会的一份报告呼吁建立一种混合体系，将最低限度的全民基本收入与最低收入保障（即所谓的“生活收入”）结合起来。据估计，该体系将耗资1370亿英镑，该智库建议，可以通过取消个人所得税免税额来筹集这笔资金。据该机构计算，这样的政策可以使76万人摆脱贫困，并使最贫困的10%家庭的平均收入增加2000英镑。

Sam Tims, an economist at the New Economics Foundation told the New Statesman: “Strong and growing support for UBI demonstrates that we are moving away from the austerity-driven consensus of the last decade, the result of which is an inadequate social security system that fails to protect those who need it most.

新经济基金会的经济学家萨姆·蒂姆斯告诉《新政治家》：“对全民基本收入的强大和日益增长的支持表明，我们正在脱离过去十年导致了社会保障体系不完善，无法保护那些最需要它的人的紧缩驱动的共识。

“At its core, UBI ensures no one’s income falls below a set level and the concept of a decent minimum income should be welcomed and applied to the welfare state. But we don’t need UBI to begin eradicating poverty and reducing inequality. A ‘Living Income’ would provide a minimum income tied to the cost of living through a means-tested system.”

“全民基本收入制度的核心是确保没有人的收入低于设定的水平，体面的最低收入的概念应该受到欢迎，并应用于福利国家。但我们并不需要全民基本收入来开始消除贫困和减少不平等。‘生活收入’将通过收入调查制度提供与生活成本挂钩的最低收入。”

The poll comes just as the Welsh government begins its trial of a basic income for children leaving care. The scheme, which is set to run until 2025, will see around 500 18-year-olds offered an unconditional income of £19,200 per year for up to two years.

这项调查出炉之际，威尔士政府正在开始尝试为脱离抚养的孩子提供基本收入。这项计划将持续到2025年，届时将有500名18岁左右的青少年获得每年1.92万英镑的无条件收入，期限为两年。