智人何时变黑了？5万年前的智人是黑人吗？5000年前的古埃及人是黑人吗？3200年前的迦南人和以色列人有多黑？
When did homo sapiens become black? Were homo sapiens black 50,000 years ago? Were ancient Egyptians black 5,000 years ago? How black were the Canaanites and Israelites 3,200 years ago?
译文简介
网友：我们与黑猩猩关系密切，许多黑猩猩是粉红色皮肤。它们之所以可以如此，是因为它们的皮毛可以保护其不被晒伤。所以我怀疑我们的祖先大约在他们成为“裸猿”的时候就变黑了。他们住得越靠近赤道，皮肤就越黑，以保护他们免受紫外线的伤害......
正文翻译
When did homo sapiens become black? Were homo sapiens black 50,000 years ago? Were ancient Egyptians black 5,000 years ago? How black were the Canaanites and Israelites 3,200 years ago?
智人何时变黑了？5万年前的智人是黑人吗？5000年前的古埃及人是黑人吗？3200年前的迦南人和以色列人有多黑？
智人何时变黑了？5万年前的智人是黑人吗？5000年前的古埃及人是黑人吗？3200年前的迦南人和以色列人有多黑？
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Well, we’re closely related to chimps, and many chimps are pink-skinned. They can afford to be because their fur protects them from sunburn. So I suspect our ancestors became dark round about the time they became *naked* apes. And the closer they lived to the equator the darker they were, to protect them from UV.
At least some of the people who settled in northern Europe after the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago, were very dark. But by 5,000 years ago most people in North Africa and points north seem to have been a light brown - as are the KhoiSan, because they live well south of the equator.
我们与黑猩猩关系密切，许多黑猩猩是粉红色皮肤。它们之所以可以如此，是因为它们的皮毛可以保护其不被晒伤。所以我怀疑我们的祖先大约在他们成为“裸猿”的时候就变黑了。他们住得越靠近赤道，皮肤就越黑，以保护他们免受紫外线的伤害。
至少在上一个冰河时期之后，即大约1万年前，在北欧定居的一些人是非常黑的。但是到了5000年前，北非和更北方的大多数人似乎都是浅褐色皮肤——就像科伊桑人一样，因为他们生活在赤道以南的地方。
二：
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Since homo sapiens came from what is now considered to be Africa, your question should probably be “When did Homo sapiens become white”.
由于智人来自现在被称为非洲的地方，你的问题可能应该是“智人何时变成了白人”。
三：
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
, Facts Matter! Business Consultant, INTJ, Mensan, Atheist.
You have this the wrong way round! You should be asking when did homo sapiens become white!
Homo sapiens evolved in what’s now East Africa, under an intense tropical sun, and had black, or at least, very dark brown, skin as a protection against the damaging effects of UV in strong sunlight. The pigment which causes this skin colour is called melanin. But UV light (or at least, UVB) isn’t entirely damaging since it’s a necessary way for the body to produce vitamin D.
Some 70,000 or so years ago our ancient ancestors started to leave Africa, and over the next 30–40,000 or so years had spread to many parts of the Earth. Many who made that long journey, over many hundreds of generations, stayed within the largely equatorial belt and thus retained their very dark skin with its higher melanin content.
你搞错了! 你应该问的是，智人是什么时候变成白人的！？
智人是在现在的东非地区进化的，在强烈的热带阳光下，他们的皮肤是黑色的，或者至少是非常深的棕色，以此作为对抗强烈阳光下紫外线破坏性影响的保护手段。造成这种皮肤颜色的色素被称为黑色素。但紫外线（或至少是B段紫外线）并不完全具有破坏性，因为它是人体产生维生素D的必要途径。
大约7万年前，我们的古老祖先开始离开非洲，在接下来的3-4万年左右的时间里，他们已经扩散到地球的许多地方。许多人经过数百代人的长途跋涉，留在了大体上属于赤道的地带，因此保留了黑色素含量较高的深色皮肤。
The further north these ancient ancestors of ours went, the lighter their skins became, until homo sapiens had developed a complete range of skin colours from the almost black of some Africans, to the very pale, almost white, colour of most northern Europeans.
另一些人则进一步向北迁移，进入日照更少的寒冷气候带。然而，当他们这样做时，他们的身体适应可以减少黑色素产生数量的情况，从而使他们的皮肤变浅，作为一种允许阳光在他们体内产生更多必要的维生素D的方式。
我们的这些古代祖先越往北走，他们的皮肤颜色就越浅，直到智人发展出一系列的肤色光谱，从一些非洲人的近乎黑色，到大多数北欧人的非常苍白的颜色。
那些来自东北亚的“白人”在大约1.5-2万年前迁移到北美，并最终沿着整个美洲大陆迁移，当他们到达并定居在热带纬度地区时，开始再次产生更多的黑色素，那里的阳光更加强烈，因此紫外线含量更高。
Over the last 5,000 years or so, skin colour and distribution would have been very much as it is today, with people in Egypt ranging in colour from the typical light brown of people living on the southern Mediterranean coast, to dark brown and even black of people from tribes who’d migrated northwards, There’s no evidence to suggest that the Canaanites and early Israelites had skin colours any different to those living in the Middle East today.
在过去5000年左右的时间里，肤色及其分布情况与今天非常相似，埃及人的肤色从生活在南部地中海沿岸的典型浅棕色到深棕色，甚至是向北迁移的部落的黑色，不一而足。没有证据表明，迦南人和早期以色列人的肤色与今天生活在中东的人有任何不同。
四：
Ancient Egyptians were dark Africans endowed with melanin and very distinct from West Asians. The Canaanites and Israelites were white just as described in the image below. The image is a depiction of King Ahmose of ancient Egypt smithing the Hyksos. The Hyksos were from the Levant region and they were possible reflection on how the Canaanites and Israelites looked like.
古埃及人是拥有黑色素的深色非洲人，与西亚人有很大区别。迦南人和以色列人是白人，就像下面的图片中描述的那样。这张图片是古埃及国王阿摩斯冶炼希克索斯人的描写。希克索斯人来自黎凡特地区，他们可能反映了迦南人和以色列人的模样。
Ancient Egyptians were indigenous to the Nile Valley which cuts across Africa. Claiming the ancient Egyptians were akin to West Asians is a blatant lie and totally incorrect.
West Asians invaded and settled in Northern Egypt for thousands of years. Hyksos, Assyrians, Persians, Arabs, Turks… These people integrated into most part of Northern Egypt, interbreeding with the natives and effecting the demography of ancient Egypt into what it is today (Arabic).
But the indigenous people of ancient Egypt were indigenous to the Nile Valley. History tells us that ancient Egyptians came from the Southern Nile Valley and not the Northern delta region or from West Asia.
古代埃及人是横跨非洲的尼罗河流域的土著居民。声称古埃及人类似于西亚人是一个谎言，完全不正确。
西亚人入侵并在埃及北部定居了数千年之久。希克索斯人、亚述人、波斯人、阿拉伯人、土耳其人……这些人融入了埃及北部的大部分地区，与当地人融合，影响了古埃及的人口结构，使其成为今天的样子（阿拉伯人）。
但古埃及的原住民是尼罗河流域的原住民。历史告诉我们，古埃及人来自尼罗河谷南部，而不是北部三角洲地区或来自西亚。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
五：
, Brazilian fascinated by world history, cultures & genetics.
The modern Homo sapiens sapiens, a.k.a “all of us”, probably became dark-skinned very early in their history, as they lost their natural anti-solar radiation protection, a heavy fur covering. Our closest primate cousins have light skin underneath their black-colored fur, and our species was probably born in low latitudes under heavy solar radiation and in an environment that was more probably like a savannah or steppe than a dense rainforest with a protection of tight tree canopy.
现代智人，也就是“我们所有人”，可能在他们历史的早期就变成了黑皮肤，因为他们失去了天然的抗太阳辐射保护层，即厚厚的皮毛。最接近我们的灵长类表亲在黑色的皮毛下有浅色的皮肤，而我们的物种可能出生在低纬度地区，处于严重的太阳辐射下，其环境更可能像草原或大草原，而不是有紧密树冠保护的茂密雨林。
因此，大多数科学家估计，现代人类基本上是在20万至30万年前作为一个深色皮肤的种群出现的，尽管不一定像一些现代非洲人群那样黑，因为最近的遗传学研究表明，在一些等位基因中存在非洲内部的主动选择，这些基因不仅与肤色变浅有关，也与皮肤变黑有关。
这表明，从几千年前开始，即使在非洲内部，一些人类群体的皮肤变得更浅，而另一些则变得更深。最初人类的“原始”肤色可能介于两者之间，是一个一般水平的（不太浅，也不太深的）黑皮肤的人。
越来越浅的皮肤可能是在不同历史时期出现在不同人群中的几种突变的积累下出现的，它们似乎出现在中石器时代（大约10000-15000年之前）， 特别是在新石器时代，随着一些携带（和传播）一些主要皮肤脱色基因的农业和游牧民族的大举扩张，如来自安纳托利亚、高加索、东欧、黎凡特和（通过一套完全不同的突变而产生的）东亚（主要来自中国）民族。
新石器时代革命带来的遗传和人口的巨大变化似乎与与浅色皮肤有关的等位基因的同步大幅扩张有关，特别是在亚洲，而且似乎生产性的（但带来的营养更少的）农业生活方式在某种程度上有利于在没有充分接触太阳辐射的地方选择浅肤色的基因。
到了青铜时代（约3500-5000年前），几乎所有来自欧洲、中东（包括迦南人和以色列人的土地）、中亚和东亚的古代DNA样本都至少携带了一些导致肤色变浅的等位基因，因此他们的皮肤至少呈现出一种较浅的棕色。
世界上大多数人口的皮肤变浅是数百代人对这些与色素沉着有关的突变进行正向选择的结果，直到2000-4000年前，在高纬度地区，如欧洲和中东大部分地区，人们的肤色仍然通过积极的选择变得越来越浅。这不仅仅是“全黑”和“全白”之间的一个简单过程，在一种表型和另一种表型之间有几十种中间肤色。
到目前为止，从新石器时代，特别是青铜时代的黎凡特地区（迦南人和以色列人生活的地方）找到的古代DNA样本显示存在着那些让肤色变浅的等位基因，所以他们可能是浅色皮肤，但很可能不是传统欧洲标准的白色。新石器时代晚期和青铜时代早期（约5000年前）的欧洲人也是如此，他们肯定是浅色皮肤，但不像现代北欧人那样非常苍白，更可能像大多数现代亚美尼亚人和土耳其人那样中等偏浅。
至于古埃及人，对于他们的肤色，甚至他们的遗传和文化起源，都存在着非常激烈的、不幸的、也是政治化的争论，而科学家们自己仍在开始通过古基因组学寻找更好的证据，以较少的猜测方式回答这些问题。
我们可以肯定的是，从古埃及墓葬中发现的极少数古代DNA样本——但不是来自古埃及最早的时期，实际上是从新王国（青铜时代晚期/铁器时代早期）一直到希腊罗马时代——表明这些人的肤色也适度变浅了，或多或少与青铜时代的迦南人相同，后者的肤色现在可能被认为是浅褐色的，就像很大一部分现代埃及人的肤色一样。
六：
Our relatives the chimps are pinkish under their fur. The fur intercepts uv for them, and they are more forest creatures than Hominins, so the trees do likewise.
When Hominins began to move into open habitats (perhaps 7 MYA there may have been a first wave of natural sextion to get more melanin into the skin.
And as we became more mobile and naked, the sextion became stronger, because we needed to stay cool when traveling, especially while running after game. Clearly by the time of Homo erectus 2MYA, when our brains had doubled in size we must have been using fire and hunting game in a very aerobic fashion. So the transition from pink skin to dark brown probably was completed by this time.
我们的亲戚黑猩猩的皮毛下是粉红色的皮肤。皮毛为它们拦截紫外线，而且它们比智人更像森林生物，就像树木的作用一样。
当智人开始进入开放的栖息地时（也许是700万年前），可能会有第一波自然选择，让更多的黑色素进入皮肤。
随着我们变得更加机动和裸露，这种选择变得更加强烈，因为我们在运动时需要保持凉爽，特别是在追赶猎物时。显然，到了200万年前直立人生活的时代，当我们的脑容量增大了一倍时，我们肯定已经在使用火和以非常有氧的方式狩猎。因此，从粉红色皮肤到深褐色的过渡可能在这个时候已经完成。
六：
Homo Sapiens was originally black, for protection against the equatorial sun beneath which we evolved, and we remained black until we migrated to colder climates. Then the clothes we had to invent to keep ourselves warm interfered with our ability to get vitamin D from sunlight, and the mutation for paler skin gave those individuals who had it a better ability to use the sunlight that was received by the little skin that was left exposed. Their paler skin made them healthier, and gave them an evolutionary advantage.
Recent genetic studies have shown that the original humans on what are now the British Isles had dark skin and brown eyes. Racists in modern day England are just appalled at that knowledge. And blue eyes are a very recent mutation which only goes back about 6000 years.
When you go back far enough, and we’re all Africans.
智人最初是黑色的，这是为了保护我们在赤道阳光下进化，我们一直是黑色的，直到我们迁移到更寒冷的气候带。然后，我们不得不发明的、用于保暖的衣服干扰了我们从阳光中获得维生素D的能力，而皮肤变白的突变使那些拥有这种突变的人有更好的能力利用被留在衣物之外的少量皮肤接受的阳光。他们较白的皮肤使他们更健康，并使他们具有进化的优势。
最近的遗传学研究表明，现在不列颠群岛上的原始人类有深色的皮肤和棕色的眼睛。现代英国的种族主义者对这一发现感到震惊。而蓝眼睛是一个非常晚才出现的突变，只能追溯到大约6000年前。
当你追溯到足够早的时候，我们其实都是非洲人。
七：
, former Retired (1972-2015)
Your question is either a indication that you know nothing of human evolution, or else is some sort of attempt at racism. Rephrase your question to ask when did Homo sapiens become white and it will make sense!
你的问题要么表明你对人类进化一无所知，要么就带有某种种族主义的企图。把你的问题改成“智人是什么时候变成白种人的”，这样就说得通了。
八：
When did homo sapiens become black? Were homo sapiens black 100,000 years ago? Were ancient Egyptians black 5,000 years ago? How black were the Canaanites and Israelites 1,200 years ago?
Homo Sapiens started out black - somewhere between 50,000 years ago and 200,000 years ago
A more useful question would be when did the “white mutation” occur?
I suspect that it occurred quite early on among people living in cold areas where they had to wrap up and did not get enough sunshine to produce their vitamin D - maybe 40,000 years ago?
With that I expect the current skin colours and areas would have been “set” in much the same patterns as now at least 10,000 years ago
智人大约在5万年前和20万年前之间开始变黑。
一个更有用的问题是“白色变异”是什么时候发生的？
我怀疑它很早就发生在生活在寒冷地区的人们身上，他们不得不包裹起来，没有足够的阳光来产生他们的维生素D——也许在4万年前？
在这种情况下，我预计目前的皮肤颜色和分布区域会在至少1万年前就已经“定型”，与现在的模式基本相同。
九：
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Humans came from Africa. In Africa white skin would be a negative due to the intense sunlight. Thus everyone had dark skin.
Africans then migrated from Africa.
In Europe, black skin was a distinct disadvantage as there was not enough sunlight to synthesise vitamin D. Paler skin increases the efficiency of this, allowing more vitamin D. However the disadvantage was that people like me (very pale) get sunburn easily. This is also why “native" skin colour gets paler as you go north in eyrope. Less sunlight, less vitamin D, but less sunburn risk.
In places like India, the conditions were largely in between, so an in-between colour became dominant.
人类来自非洲。在非洲，由于强烈的阳光，白色的皮肤将是一个负面的因素。因此，每个人都有黑色的皮肤。
然后非洲人从非洲迁移出来。
在欧洲，黑皮肤是一个明显的缺点，因为没有足够的阳光来合成维生素D。较白的皮肤增加了这种效率，允许产生更多的维生素D。这也是为什么“土著居民”的肤色越往北走时变得越白。阳光少，维生素D九少，但晒伤的风险也少。
在像印度这样的地方，条件基本上处于两者之间，所以一种介于两者之间的颜色成为主导肤色。
十：
Homo Sapiens became white when they bred with Neanderthals that were living in Europe and Asia. Neanderthals had been living in Eurasia for several hundred thousand years before Homo Sapiens arrived, so they were adapted to cold climates. Some Neanderthals had light skin and red hair. They had thick straight hair, thick beards, and prominent noses. Neanderthals were aggressive hunters, carnivores, and occasionally cannibals. Breeding with Neanderthals eventually led to new traits of modern humans, some of these traits included aggressive individuals whose survival strategy included war, plundering, murdering men, raping women, and exploitation of others. So when you see news of violence and war, this is the legacy of our Neanderthal ancestors. Neanderthal hybrid people committed the first organized warfare 13,000 years ago in Egypt’s Nile Valley. Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs were likely to be ancestors of aggressive Neanderthals, so probably had lighter skin than their African slaves.
当智人与生活在欧洲和亚洲的尼安德特人交配时，他们变成了白人。在智人到来之前，尼安德特人已经在欧亚大陆生活了几十万年，所以他们适应了寒冷的气候。一些尼安德特人有浅色的皮肤和红色的头发。他们有浓密的直发，浓密的胡须，以及突出的鼻子。尼安德特人是好斗的猎手，食肉动物，偶尔也吃人。与尼安德特人的杂交最终导致了现代人的新特征，其中一些特征包括好斗的个体，他们的生存策略包括战争、掠夺、谋杀男人、强奸妇女和剥削他人。因此，当你看到暴力和战争的新闻时，这就是我们尼安德特人祖先的遗产。尼安德特人的混血儿在13000年前在埃及的尼罗河谷犯下了第一次有组织的战争。古埃及法老很可能是好斗的尼安德特人的祖先，所以可能比他们的非洲奴隶皮肤更白。
十一：
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
, former Advocate for ASIAN/ Asian Americans
Everyone then was different complexions , the birth of Rome and Greece was multiracial, but many where different common ancestors to either white or black. Also you can live in a place from migration but by DNA , be different. Example Abraham.
Creoles are closer to Black as Italians are closer to White as both are multiracial….
Regardless of the complexion of your where a Canaanite by DNA, not by Citizenship of the land of Canaan, look up the aboriginal or indigenous populations of the land of Canaan. Remember Japheth and Ham share a percentage of Greece and Rome , and the Edomites for fathers where Israelites , and where also enemy to the Israelites.
Africa was destroyed during the flood , so there was no West Africa or South Africa inhabitants.
Afro Asian , are similar to Ancient Egypt being persons of more melanin, not the European closer common ancestor ones. Afro Asian are also some Ethiopians and depend on the mix Arabs. Although Arabs are mostly labeled as White.
Canaan wife was a lady of color. In many bibles Ham the father of Canaan means hot , black, or Heat.
当时每个人都是不同的肤色，罗马和希腊的诞生是多种族混合的产物，但很多人的共同祖先是白人或黑人。另外，你可以从移民中生活在一个地方，但通过DNA可以发现，他们是不同的。例如亚伯拉罕。
克里奥耳人更接近于黑人，因为意大利人更接近于白人，因为两者都是多种族混合的产物……。
无论你的肤色如何，人们是从DNA而不是迦南地的公民身份来看你是迦南人，查一下迦南地的原住民或土著人口吧。记住雅弗和含姆在希腊和罗马占有一定的比例，以东人的父亲是以色列人，也是以色列人的敌人。
非洲在洪水中被摧毁，所以没有西非或南非的居民。
非裔亚洲人，与古埃及人相似，都是黑色素较多的人，而不是欧洲人的共同祖先。亚非拉也是一些埃塞俄比亚人，并依赖于阿拉伯人的融合。尽管阿拉伯人大多被称为白人。
迦南的妻子属于有色人种。在许多圣经中，迦南的父亲含姆的意思是热、黑，或高温。
十二：
A better question is to ask when people became white.
一个更好的问题是问人们何时成为白人。
十三：
The best explanation for the current racial makeup of the human species across the Earth is a combination of geographical determinism and interspecies breeding. Current models demonstrate there were at least two migrations out of Africa of anatomically modern Homo Sapiens. Possibly, this out of Africa migration took place in waves or pulses. These first migrants when they went out into the world, found that they were not alone. There were multiple human species sharing the Earth with them, including Neanderthals and the Denisovans; and genetic science indicates there were a few others which we are as yet, unaware. Neanderthals seem to have been concentrated around the Middleeast and Southern Europe. Denisovans were more heavily concentrated in East Asia and Southeast Asia and Oceana. Genetic analysis shows Neanderthal genetics to be most present in Caucasian populations while Denisovans genetics are more concentrated among East Asians and Australasians. Among modern humans, only persons of pure sub-Saharan descent are known to lack Neanderthal genetics. Denisovan genetic admixture is somewhat more varied. The remainder of human racial characteristics is mostly the result of environmental adaptation.
对整个地球上人类目前的种族构成的最好解释是地理决定论和人种间繁殖的结合。目前的模型表明，至少有两次解剖学上的现代智人从非洲迁移出来的过程。这种走出非洲的迁移可能是以波浪式或脉冲式进行的。这些第一批移民在走向世界的时候，发现他们并不孤单。有多个人类物种与他们共享地球，包括尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人；基因科学表明还有其他一些我们还不知道的人种。尼安德特人似乎集中在中东和南欧一带。丹尼索瓦人则更多地集中在东亚和东南亚以及大洋洲。遗传分析显示尼安德特人的基因在高加索人群中最多，而丹尼索瓦人的基因则更多地集中在东亚人和澳大利亚人之中。在现代人类中，已知只有纯正的撒哈拉以南的人缺乏尼安德特人的基因。丹尼索瓦人的基因混杂情况则更多一些。人类种族特征的其余部分主要是环境适应的结果。
十四：
Homo sapiens is supposed to have originated in Africa and was originally a yellowish brown colour, similar to Bushmen. The early Egyptians were slightly lighter than today. Then the close relations with Nubia and the import of slaves from black Africa made them a little darker.
智人应该是起源于非洲，其肤色最初是黄褐色的，类似于布须曼人。早期埃及人的肤色比现在略浅。然后与努比亚的密切关系和从黑非洲输入的奴隶使他们的肤色变深。
十五：
Obviously a question asked by a US racist.
What do you mean by “black”?
I presume you mean some shade of brown as opposed to pink?
The question is so badly frxd as to be , probably, unanswerable.
很明显，这是一个美国种族主义者提出的问题。
你说的“黑”是什么意思？
我猜你指的是某种棕色，而不是粉红色？
这个问题提得太差劲了，可能无法回答。
十六：
Humanity started out black and probably got dark skin when our pre-human ancestors ended up in savannah near the equator and needed protection from skin cancer.
The ancient Egyptians were darker than white people and lighter than black people, they way they are today, though there were darker people in their society and lighter since they intermixed with their neighbors.
The Canaanites and Israelites looked much like the inhabitants of the area look today
Whiteness basically emerges in Europe around the time of the rise of agriculture.
人类一开始是黑色的，当我们的人类祖先在赤道附近的大草原上生活，需要防止皮肤癌时，可能就有了黑皮肤。
古埃及人的肤色比白人深，比黑人浅，他们今天就是这样，虽然他们的社会中也有深肤色的人，但由于他们与邻居混居，所以肤色较浅。
迦南人和以色列人看起来很像今天这个地区的居民。
白人基本上是在欧洲的农业兴起前后出现的。
十七：
I have read somewhere that major gene responsible for fair skin color of non East Asians arose among ancestrals of present Hindu Gujarati population and it had dispersed upto Atlantic Ocean in waves.
我在某个地方看到，导致非东亚人的白皙肤色的主要基因出现在目前印度教古吉拉特人的祖先中，它已潮水般地扩散到大西洋之中。
十八：
2000 years ago no body mentions race, they only mention nationality. Now people with light or blond hair were considered to be demons in Asia, but even here, race, or skin color, was not mentioned at all.
2000年前没有人提到种族，他们只提到国籍。现在，浅色或金色头发的人在亚洲被认为是恶魔，但即使在这里，种族或肤色也根本没有被提及。