UK takes in fewer Ukrainians per capita than most of Europe
-Figure of 10 Ukrainian refugees per 10,000 population is lowest but one out of 28 European countries

英国人均接收乌克兰难民数少于欧洲大多数国家
——“每1万人接收10名乌克兰难民”的数字在28个欧洲国家中倒数第2


(Refugees from Ukraine queue for further transport at the Medyka border crossing in south-east Poland in March.)

（今年3月，来自乌克兰的难民在波兰东南部的梅迪卡边境检查站排队等待运送。）
新闻：

The UK has taken in fewer Ukrainian refugees per capita than all but one of 28 European countries, a Guardian analysis of official figures from across the continent has found.

英国《卫报》对欧洲大陆官方数据的分析发现，在28个欧洲国家中，英国接收的乌克兰难民人均数量排倒数第2。

Seven million people have fled Ukraine for other European countries since Russia invaded on 24 February, according to the United Nations high commissioner for refugees (UNHCR).

据联合国难民事务高级专员办事处称，自2月24日俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来，已有700万人逃离乌克兰前往其他欧洲国家。

The Home Office put the number of Ukrainians who had arrived in the UK as of 29 May at 65,700 – equivalent to about 10 refugees per 10,000 population.

英国内政部表示，截至5月29日，抵达英国的乌克兰人数量为6.57万人，相当于每万人中约接收10名难民。

As of 11 May, 720,000 Ukrainian refugees had arrived in Germany, which has a population of similar size to the UK’s, working out at 87 per 10,000 population.

截至5月11日，已有72万乌克兰难民抵达德国，德国的人口规模与英国相当，每1万人中接收87人。

France is the only European country with a roughly equivalent per capita figure to the UK’s, with just over 57,500 arrivals as of 25 May, or nine refugees per 10,000 population – although figures from individual prefectures indicate that 93,000 have now arrived in the country, significantly more than the most recently available official figure.

法国是唯一一个人均收入与英国大致相当的欧洲国家，截至5月25日，难民人数刚刚超过57500人，即每1万人中接收9名难民——然而来自各辖区的数据显示，目前已有9.3万人抵达法国，这一数字远远超过了最新的官方数据。

Some much smaller countries by population, including Austria, the Czech Republic and Bulgaria, have admitted many more refugees in both absolute and relative terms, according to their governments. Bulgaria, for example, was the initial destination for more than 290,000 people fleeing the war, equating to 423 per 10,000 population.

一些人口规模小得多的国家，包括奥地利、捷克共和国和保加利亚，其政府表示，无论从绝对数量还是相对数量来看，都接纳了更多的难民。比如，保加利亚是29万多难民逃离战争的最初目的地，相当于每1万人中接收423人。

The countries bordering Ukraine have, as would be expected, admitted many more still: UNHCR data shows that a combined 5 million refugees have entered Poland, Romania and Hungary. Poland has admitted the highest rate of Ukrainian refugees of any EU country, taking in 957 refugees per 10,000 population.

与乌克兰接壤的国家，正如预期的那样，接纳了更多的难民：联合国难民署的数据显示，总共有500万难民进入了波兰、罗马尼亚和匈牙利。波兰是接纳乌克兰难民比例最高的欧盟国家，每1万人接收了957名难民。

While it is the case that many refugees move on to other countries, and some return to Ukraine – an Austrian official indicated that as many as 80% of arrivals had not stayed – the figures highlight the restrictiveness of the UK’s schemes, applicants to which are directed to wait for visas to be granted before they travel.

然而事实是，许多难民前往其他国家，有些人返回乌克兰——一位奥地利官员表示，多达80%的难民没有留下来——这些数字突显了英国签证计划的限制性，即申请人必须等待签证获得批准后才能启程。

The UK’s visa schemes have been widely criticised for the lengthy delays experienced by many applicants. Hundreds of Ukrainian families have chosen to withdraw their applications to come to the UK because of these delays, according to a recent Observer report.

英国的签证计划因许多申请人遭遇的长时间延误而受到广泛批评。据《观察家报》最近报道，由于这些延误，数百个乌克兰家庭选择撤回了前往英国的申请。

Refugee charities have said the sponsorship scheme, called Homes for Ukraine, could be exploited by predatory hosts, though the government insists that all hosts are subject to “security and criminal checks”.

难民慈善机构表示，这项名为“乌克兰之家”的赞助计划可能会被贪心的房东利用，尽管英国政府坚称，所有的房东都要接受“安全和刑事检查”。

While the Guardian research only considers figures for refugees arriving in each country, the UK also fares poorly in comparison with countries that publish only the number of applications for protection or asylum. Denmark and Finland, for example, have received roughly twice as many applications as the UK visa schemes per capita.

虽然《卫报》的研究只考虑到了每个国家的难民人数，但与那些只公布申请保护或庇护人数的国家相比，英国的情况也很糟糕。比如，丹麦和芬兰收到的人均签证申请数量大约是英国的两倍。

The UK government’s two Ukraine visa schemes – one for Ukrainians with family in the UK, the other a sponsorship-based scheme – were launched in March. The website for the schemes shows that 144,000 applications had been received as of 30 May, and 120,000 visas issued. However, just over half that figure – 65,700 refugees – had arrived in the UK as of 29 May.

英国政府于今年3月推出了两项乌克兰签证计划——一项针对有家人在英国的乌克兰人，另一项是基于赞助的计划。该计划的网站显示，截至5月30日，已收到14.4万份申请，并签发了12万份签证。然而，截至5月29日，这个数字的一半多一点——6.57万难民——已经抵达英国。

A Home Office spokesperson said: “65,700 Ukrainians have now arrived safely in the UK through our two new Ukraine visa schemes and others have arrived here on other types of visas which are not shown in these figures. Together, our uncapped Ukraine family scheme and Homes for Ukraine routes are amongst the fastest and biggest visa schemes in UK history. 120,200 visas have now been issued, showing the work we’ve done to speed up the process is working and improving daily.”

内政部发言人说：“65700名乌克兰人通过我们的两个新的乌克兰签证计划安全抵达英国，其他人则是通过其他类型的签证抵达英国，这些签证没有显示在这些数据中。我们的无上限乌克兰家庭计划和乌克兰之家路线是英国历史上最快和最大的签证计划。现在已经发放了120200个签证，这表明我们为加快这一进程所做的工作正在发挥作用，每天都在改进。”

They added that European countries may record refugee arrivals differently and that the figures were therefore difficult to compare directly.

他们补充说，欧洲国家对难民人数的记录可能不同，因此这些数字很难直接比较。

The extent to which Ukrainians have been uprooted by the conflict is catastrophic: the 6.8 million people who have fled the country, combined with the 8 million people displaced internally, constitutes more than a third – 36% – of Ukraine’s total population prior to the Russian invasion.

乌克兰人因冲突而背井离乡的程度是灾难性的：逃离该国的680万人，加上国内流离失所的800万人，构成了俄罗斯入侵前乌克兰总人口的三分之一（36%）以上。

The Guardian figures represent the numbers of Ukrainian refugees arriving in the country or, where these were unavailable, the numbers who have registered as refugees or are otherwise recognised by the government as being in the country. It excludes countries that have only published figures for the number of applications by Ukrainian refugees for protection or asylum – as is the case for Denmark and Finland – and Spain, for which the only published figures date from April.

《卫报》的数字代表了抵达乌克兰的难民人数，或者已经登记为难民的人数，或者政府认可的乌克兰难民人数。它不包括那些只公布乌克兰难民申请保护或庇护人数的国家（比如丹麦和芬兰）和西班牙（其唯一公布的数字是从4月份开始的）。