木星真的大到没有绕太阳运转吗?
Is it true that Jupiter is so large that it does not orbit around the sun?
译文简介
木星太大了，它不是（完全）绕着太阳转的。
正文翻译
Is it true that Jupiter is so large that it does not orbit around the sun?
木星真的大到没有绕太阳运转吗?
木星真的大到没有绕太阳运转吗?
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Yes!Jupiter, The biggest planet in our solar system. It is so massive that 1300 earths could fit inside of this planet. Jupiter is 2.5 times more massive than all the other planets in our solar system combined!
This is our tiny earth compared to the Jupiter:
Jupiter is so big that the center of gravity of the sun and Jupiter is outside of sun. Although extremely close to the surface of the sun.
So the sun and Jupiter both orbit around their center of gravity which is also known as barycenter.
Barycenter is the center of mass of two or more bodies that orbit one another and is the point about which the bodies orbit.
Technically Jupiter orbits around the barycenter of sun and Jupiter which is located outside of the sun.
是的!
木星，太阳系中最大的行星。它的质量如此之大，可以容纳1300个地球。木星的质量是太阳系所有其他行星质量总和的2.5倍!
这是我们的小地球和木星的对比：
So, Yes! Jupiter is so large that it doesn't orbit around the sun. Fascinating!
Now other planets in solar system are so small that barycenter of the sun and a planet like earth lies inside of the sun. (Also very near to the center of sun.)
So it looks like other planets are orbiting the center of the sun.
To understand this you can also imagine spinning a kid like this:
(Could be dangerous. Imagine only.)
The center of gravity of you and the kid would be somewhere very near to your feet. So you're spinning almost at the same place but the kid is orbiting around you. This is exactly what happens with the sun and the other planets.
By the way, this is how two stars with nearly same weights orbit around their common barycenter in binary star system:
所以，是的！木星太大了，它不是（完全）绕着太阳转的。迷人吧!
太阳系中的其他行星都很小，太阳和像地球这样的行星的中心都位于太阳内部。(离太阳中心点很近。)
所以看起来其他行星都在绕着太阳中心运行。
为了理解这一点，你也可以想象这样旋转一个孩子:(可能是危险的，所以想想就行了。)
你和孩子的重心会在离你脚很近的某个地方。所以你们几乎在同一个地方旋转，但孩子在绕着你转。这正是太阳和其他行星所发生的。
顺便说一下，这是两颗质量几乎相同的恒星在双星系统中围绕共同重心运行的方式:
Manikanta Reddy
hope this type of animated explanation for all schools is needed to understand easily and eliminate mugging
希望所有学校都有这种生动的解释，以便容易理解和消除困惑。
Technically, no obxt orbits around any other obxt. They always orbit the center of mass of the system. Just because the center of mass may be physically within one of the obxts doesn't mean the other obxt “orbits around” it in any meaningful sense.
从技术上讲，没有任何天体会绕着其他天体运行。它们总是绕着系统的重心运转。仅仅因为一个天体的重心在物理上可能在其中一个天体内，并不意味着另一个天体真的在“绕着”它转。
i have a doubt, so we can conclude that sun is revolving around its barycenter because of presence of jupiter, does it means that when all the other planets revolving around the sun completes their revolution at different places everytime in space
or shall I say that each revolution of earth occurs at different places in space, if it is true then should it affect the earth in any terms?
我有疑问，我们可以得出结论，太阳绕着它的重心运转是因为木星的存在。
这是否意味着其他所有围绕太阳运转的行星在空间中每次都在不同的位置完成公转，或者我应该说，地球的每一次公转都发生在空间的不同地方，如果这是真的，那么它会在某些方面影响地球吗?
There is a lot of semantics here in these answers, but the simple version is that Jupiter, and all the planets, and the asteroids, and the comets in the solar system orbit around the Sun.
Because all of these obxts are free in space (i.e. they are not anchored anywhere), including the sun, they move a little bit with respect to each other. This is like two children holding hands and spinning around each other - both children will rotate around some common point between them. If one of the people is an adult, then they will spin in a much tighter circle than the (smaller) child.
The same thing happens with the Sun and the planets - and because Jupiter is the biggest planet, it and the Sun actually spin around a point just above the surface of the Sun - but Jupiter is still the little guy here circling around the sun because the Sun is literally 1000x bigger than Jupiter.
在这些答案中有很多语义，但简单的说法是木星，以及所有的行星，小行星和彗星在太阳系中都围绕太阳运行。
因为所有这些天体在空间中都是自由的(例如，它们没有固定在任何地方)，包括太阳，它们彼此之间会移动一点。这就像两个孩子牵着手，绕着对方旋转——两个孩子都会绕着他们之间的某个公共点旋转。如果其中一个人是成年人，那么他们的圈子就会比(较小的)孩子的圈子小得多。
同样的事情也发生在太阳和行星上——因为木星是最大的行星，它和太阳实际上围绕太阳表面上方的一点旋转。但木星仍然是绕着太阳转的小家伙，因为太阳实际上比木星大1000倍。
The point around which both a planet and the Sun orbits is called the Barycentre, For all the planets except Jupiter, their Barycentre with the Sun is within the Sun.
行星和太阳都环绕的那个点叫做重心。除木星外，所有行星的重心都在太阳内部。
Jupiter certainly orbits the Sun but what you may be thinking of is the Sun-Jupiter barycenter, which is outside the volume of the Sun. A barycenter is the center of mass of a multi-body system. If you have two obxts of equal mass orbiting each other, their center of mass would be directly between the two, well outside of either of them. They would appear to circle through space around this empty point rather than one clearly going around the other. Jupiter is about 1/1,000 the mass of the Sun and orbits at about 5 au. This places the common center of mass of the two bodies between Jupiter and the Sun but shifted toward the Sun about 99.9%. This means the barycenter is about 30,000 miles above the surface of the Sun. If you watched only the Sun and Jupiter, the Sun would actually move around in a circle, rather than just spinning, because of the gravitational pull of Jupiter. The other planets affect this somewhat but their mass is so much less than Jupiter (which out weighs the rest of the planets combined) that they are negligible. I don't know where the barycenter of the entire solar system is but I expect it to be outside the sun as well, meaning the sun actually wobbles around as the planets (mostly Jupiter) tug it different directions.
Edit: I finally did the actual math! Also, LaTeX formatting…
r1=a∗m2m1+m2r1=a∗m2m1+m2
=778.5×109×1.898×10271.898×1027+1.989×1030=778.5×109×1.898×10271.898×1027+1.989×1030 (In m and kg)
= 742,000 km from the center of the sun
The sun’s radius is 696,000km so the barycenter is 742,000–696,000 =46,000km or 28,500mi above the surface (I did plenty of rounding so this is just a rough approximation).
木星当然是围绕太阳运行的，但你想指出的可能是太阳-木星的重心，它在太阳的体积之外。重心是多体系统的中心。
如果有两个质量相等的天体绕着对方转，它们的重心就会在这两个天体之间，都在它们的外面。它们似乎是围绕着这个空点在空间中旋转的，而不是一个明显地围绕着另一个。木星的质量约为太阳的1/ 1000，公转轨道约为5天文单位。（译注：天文单位——地球与太阳间的平均距离，约为9300万英里，约合14.96亿公里）
这两个天体的共同重心位于木星和太阳之间，但向太阳移动了约99.9%。这意味着重心距离太阳表面约3万英里。如果你只观察太阳和木星，由于木星的引力作用，太阳实际上会绕着一个圆圈运动，而不是仅仅自转。其他行星对这一点有一定的影响，但它们的质量比木星小得多(木星的重量比其他行星的重量加在一起)，所以可以忽略不计。我不知道整个太阳系的重心在哪里，但我预计它也在太阳之外，这意味着太阳实际上会随着行星(主要是木星)的不同方向的牵引而摆动。
补充：我算出来啦！……距离太阳中心74.2万公里。太阳的半径是69.6万公里，所以重心位于太阳表面之上的742000 - 696000 =46000公里 (我做了大量的四舍五入，所以这只是一个粗略的估计)。
Nearer at home this also applies to the Moon-Earth system which some think should be regarded as a double planet as they revolve round their common centre of gravity. The Moon is much larger (compared to Earth) than say the stellites of Jupiter.
在国内，这也适用于一些人认为应该被视为双行星的月地系统，因为它们围绕着共同的重心旋转。
月球(与地球相比)比木星的卫星要大得多。
In short, no, it isn’t true.
Jupiter orbits the Sun, as the Sun is so humongously much bigger than Jupiter, that it completely dominates the system, and Jupiter is gravitationally bound to the Solar System.
Of course it is mostly a matter of semantics, but unless someone believes our Solar System should be described as a binary star, just go with Jupiter orbiting the Sun.
A slightly longer answer, barycenter, bla bla bla, others have written it, and it is correct, as long as you assume the Solar System is only the Sun and Jupiter. To a good approximation it is, but only in the short term.
However, looking at the full Solar System, the planets do not orbit the Solar System barycenter!
For illustration imagine the Earth being between the Sun and Jupiter (i.e. the SS barycenter is closer to Earth than the Sun is), the Earth will then experience a weaker gravitational pull from the direction of the Sun because Jupiter is pulling in the opposite direction, cancelling some of the gravitational effect of the Sun.
Meanwhile if the Earth is on the opposite side from the Sun, the gravitational pull will be greater because both the Sun and Jupiter pull in the same direction, but the barycenter is further away than the Sun.
This in short, is the exact opposite of what you would see, if the Earth was orbiting the SS barycenter!
The reason of course, is that barycenters are a mathematical tool and can be used exactly in calculations for two-body problems, but only as approximations for special cases of three- or more-body problems where e.g. the third and smallest body is much further away from the other two bodies, than they are from each other, or two small bodies are in a close orbit around each other while together they are orbiting a third massive body far away, or something else along those lines.
简而言之，不，这不是真的。
木星围绕太阳运行，因为太阳比木星大得多，它完全主宰了太阳系，而木星在引力上与太阳系紧密相连。
当然，这主要是语义上的问题，但除非有人相信我们的太阳系应该被描述为一颗双星，否则只会是木星围绕太阳运行。
一个稍微长一点的答案，重心，等等，其他人都写过，这是正确的，只要你假设太阳系只有太阳和木星。这可以得到一个很好的近似值。然而，纵观整个太阳系，行星并不是围绕太阳系的重心运行的!
举例来说，想象地球位于太阳和木星之间(即太阳系的重心离地球更近而非太阳)，地球受到的来自太阳方向的引力会减弱，因为木星的引力方向相反，抵消了太阳的一些引力效应。与此同时，如果地球在太阳的反面，引力会更大，因为太阳和木星的引力方向相同，重心离太阳更远。
简而言之，这是完全相反的。……
In other words, the barycenter can be used, when for any given body in the system, all the other bodies can be meaningfully described by a spherical distribution of mass with a distance to the given body greater than the radius of the sphere. (In Newtonian mechanics, a spherical mass distribution can easily be shown to have the same gravitational effect outside the sphere as a point at the center containing all the mass - but only outside the sphere!)
For the Sun-Earth-Jupiter system, the Earth would have to be much further from the Sun, than Jupiter is, for the two heavy obxts to approach anything remotely like a spherical distribution of mass, as seen from the Earth. Meanwhile the Earth-Moon barycenter is a good approximation for what is actually orbiting the Sun.
If planets really did orbit the barycenter, three-body problems would be just as easy to solve as two-body problems… and they definitely are not!
So, does Jupiter orbit the Sun-Jupiter barycenter? Well, to a good first approximation it can be described so. But the big planets further out can mess up the calculations - and if you’re talking the entire Solar System barycenter, you couldn’t even do any calculations, because we don’t really know how much mass is there or how exactly it is distributed! A single ten Earth-mass planet orbiting six or so light months out, would put the SS barycenter somewhere in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Fortunately it doesn’t matter, because most of the unknown mass is extremely far out and either cancels out or affects all bodies in the inner Solar System equally - as would my hypothetical ten Earth-mass planet.
In any case, saying that Jupiter orbits the Sun is perfectly true. Saying it “really” doesn’t is basically trying to be smart and failing.
重心是一种数学工具，可以准确地用于计算两体问题，但在三体或更多天体问题上这些特殊问题上就只能估算了。例如，第三个也是最小的天体与另外两个天体的距离比这两个天体之间的距离要远得多。亦或者两个较小的天体相互之间近距离轨道上运转，同时一同远远地绕着第三个大得多的天体运转。
换句话说，当系统中任何给定天体，所有其他天体都可以用一个球形的质量分布来描述，这个球形的质量分布到给定天体的距离大于其半径时，可以用重心来描述。……如果行星真的绕着重心运行，那么三体问题就和两体问题一样容易解决了，但事实并非如此!
那么，木星有绕着太阳-木星的重心运行吗?我们可以这样描述它。但更远处的大行星会打乱轨道，如果你说的是整个太阳系的重心，你甚至没法计算，因为我们真的不知道有多少质量，也不知道它到底是如何分布的！……
幸运的是，这无关紧要，因为大部分未知的质量都非常遥远，要么抵消要么对太阳系内部的所有天体的影响都一样。
无论如何，木星绕太阳运行的说法是完全正确的。说“真的”并不能说明你很聪明。
Technically, it is true. Barely.
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system; its mass is about 0.1% of the mass of the sun.
Jupiter is the only planet in the solar system where the center of gravity between it and the sun is outside the surface of the sun - though by only 7% of the sun’s radius. That means that technically, you’re correct. Jupiter does not orbit the sun. Instead, both Jupiter and the sun are orbiting a point outside the sun, very very very close to the sun.
严格来说，说木星没有绕着太阳公转勉强是对的。
木星是太阳系中最大的行星，它的质量大约是太阳质量的0.1%。木星是太阳系中唯一一颗它和太阳之间的重心位于太阳表面之外的行星——尽管它的半径只有太阳半径的7%。
这意味着严格来说，你是对的。木星不是绕太阳运行的。相反，木星和太阳都在围绕太阳外的一个点运行，只是非常非常非常靠近太阳。
链接：《木星》——维基
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Isn’t it the case with almost all orbiting bodies that instead of one orbiting the other, both are orbiting a point somewhere between them? And…another Friedman SF writer? Too cool, I will have to look up your work. Do you have an author page?
所有绕轨道运行的天体难道不都是两个都绕着它们之间的某个点运行，而非一个绕着另一个运行吗?
另外，你也姓Friedman？科幻作家？很酷，我会去细读你的著作的。
Two orbiting bodies will orbit their center of gravity.
When you have a small body orbiting a massive body, typically, that center of gravity (barycenter), although not in the center of the massive body, will still be a point within the massive body.
For example: In the Moon-Earth system, the barycenter is located on average 4,671 km from Earth center. That point is still within Earth. (Earth radius is 6,371 km)
The barycenter between the Sun and all the planets except for Jupiter is within the Sun. The barycenter between the Sun and Jupiter is outside the Sun.
两个绕轨道运行的天体将围绕它们的重心运行。
当一个小天体绕着一个大质量天体旋转时，一般来说，重心，虽然不在大质量天体的中心，但仍然是大质量物体内部的一个点上。
例如:在月地系统中，重心距离地球中心平均4671公里。那个点还在地球内部。(地球半径为6371公里)
太阳和除木星以外的所有行星之间的重心都在太阳内部，只有太阳和木星之间的重心在太阳外面。
The thing is, there's isn't nothing “special” about whether the barycenter is “inside” one of the bodies or not. From an orbital mechanics perspective, all that matters is each body’s center of mass. The fact that the Jupiter-Sun barycenter is outside the sun and the Earth-Sun barycenter is inside is simply a curiosity as the calculations to determine the two orbits are exactly the same. Eventually, the sun will become a red giant and swell, resulting in the Jupiter-Sun barycenter being inside the sun. However, that will have no effect whatsoever on Jupiter’s orbit.
问题是，重心是否在一个天体的“内部”并没有什么“特别的”。从轨道力学的角度来看，重要的是每个天体的重心。
木星-太阳的重心在太阳外面，而地球-太阳的重心在太阳里面，这一事实只是一个科普级别的信息，因为确定这两个轨道的计算完全相同。
最终，太阳会变成红巨星并膨胀，导致木星-太阳的重心在太阳内部。然而，这对木星的轨道没有任何影响。
As for my work, so far I only published short stories. My first novel will be released next year by WordFire press. My Quora profile is pretty up-to-date.
Are we related? My grandparents came from a Jewish family in Poland.
关于我的作品，到目前为止我只发表短篇小说。我的第一部小说将于明年由WordFire出版社出版。我在Quora上的资料是最新的。
我们有血缘关系吗?我的祖父母来自波兰的一个犹太家庭。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Could be. My great grandparents were from Russia and Poland, with one grandparent from Hungary. Don’t have any records from before they got here, though.
有可能。我的曾祖父母来自俄罗斯和波兰，另一位祖父母来自匈牙利。
但没有他们来之前的任何记录。
So, if Pluto is a planetoid and not a planet because it and its moon’s orbital CG is outside the radius of Pluto, does that mean Jupiter is not a planet since it’s orbital CG is outside of the Sun’s radius? If so, then what is it?
所以，如果冥王星是小行星而不是行星就因为它和它的卫星的轨道重心在冥王星的半径之外的话，这是否意味着木星也不是行星，因为它的轨道重心在太阳的半径之外?
按照这个逻辑，那木星是什么?
The International Astronomical unx (IAU) still defines Jupiter as a planet.
国际天文联合会(IAU)仍然将木星定义为一颗行星。
You’re swapping scope. Pluto is a planetoid (in part) because it’s not big enough for its own moons to orbit around it. Charon is about half the diameter of Pluto and they sort of orbit each other. It’s more accurate to think of Pluto and its moons as a “system”, and that system orbits the Sun. Jupiter has plenty of moons and they all have their own stable orbits.
冥王星是一颗小行星的部分原因是因为它不够大，无法让自己的卫星围绕它运行。冥卫一的直径大约是冥王星的一半，它们绕着对方运行。
更准确的说法是，冥王星和它的卫星是一个“系统”，这个系统围绕太阳运行。而木星有很多卫星，它们都有自己稳定的轨道。
Richard as a pure amateurist I want to say thank you for your comment that has put every in perspective and simultaneously answered every other debate. Most of all thank you for dumbing it down. Keep it up.
Richard，作为一个纯粹的业余爱好者，我想对你的评论说声谢谢，你的评论从各个角度出发，同时回答了所有其他的争论点。最重要的是，谢谢你把它简化了（通俗易懂）。
坚持下去。
Jupiter, the fifth planet from the sun, gas giant, is huge. Huge. I mean HUGE!
It's so huge, in fact, that it doesn't actually orbit the sun. Not exactly. With 2.5 times the mass of all the other planets in the solar system combined, it's big enough that the center of gravity between Jupiter and the sun doesn't actually reside inside the sun - rather, at a point in space just above the sun's surface.
Here's how that works.
When a small obxt orbits a big obxt in space, the less massive one doesn't really travel in a perfect circle around the larger one. Rather, both obxts orbit a combined center of gravity.
In situations we're familiar with - like Earth orbiting the much-larger sun - the center of gravity resides so close to the center of the larger obxt that the impact of this phenomenon is negligible. The bigger obxt doesn't seem to move, and the smaller one draws a circle around it.
But reality is always more complicated.
For example: When the International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth, both the Earth and the space station orbit their combined center of gravity. But that center of gravity is so absurdly close to the center of the Earth that the planet's motion around the point is impossible to spot - and the ISS describes a near-perfect circle around the whole planet.
The same truth holds when most planets orbit the sun. Sun is just so much larger than Earth, Venus, Mercury, or even Saturn that their centers of mass with the sun all lie deep within the star itself.
Not so with Jupiter.
The gas giant is so big that its center of mass with the sun, or barycentre, actually lies 1.07 solar radii from the middle of the Sun- or 7% of a sun-radius above the sun's surface. Both the Sun and Jupiter orbit around that point in space.
木星是离太阳第五远的行星，是一颗巨大的气体行星。足够巨大!
这颗行星很漂亮，对吧？/笑
事实上，它是如此巨大，以至于它并不是围绕太阳运行的。不完全是。它的质量是太阳系所有其他行星质量总和的2.5倍，它足够大，木星和太阳之间的重心实际上并不在太阳内部，而是在太阳表面上方的一个空间点上。
当一个小天体在太空中围绕一个大天体运行时，质量较小的天体并不能围绕较大的天体绕一个完美的圆运行。更确切地说，两个物体都围绕一个共同的重心运行。在我们熟悉的情况下——比如地球绕着大得多的太阳转——地球的重心非常接近大天体的中心，所以这种现象的影响可以忽略不计。较大的天体似乎没有移动，较小的天体在它周围画了一个圈。
但事实总是更复杂。
例如:当国际空间站绕地球运行时，地球和空间站都绕着它们的共同重心运行。但这个重心离地球中心如此之近，以至于地球围绕这个点的运动是不可能被发现的——国际空间站画了一个近乎完美的、围绕整个地球的圆。
当大多数行星围绕太阳运行时，同样的道理也适用。太阳比地球、金星、水星甚至土星都要大得多，它们与太阳的质量中心都位于恒星内部的深处。
但木星却不是这样。
这颗气体巨星是如此之大，以至于它与太阳的质心，或者说重心，实际上距离太阳中心1.07个太阳半径——或者说距离太阳表面7%的太阳半径。太阳和木星都围绕这一点运行。
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