印度学者：中国的制造业模式不适合我们。印度不应该像中国一样建立制造业，以避免西方的激烈反应
Raghuram Rajan on why a China model of manufacturing doesn''t work for us. Raghuram Rajan says India shouldn''t build manufacturing like China to avoid backlash by west
译文简介
拉古拉姆-拉詹曾多次强调，印度应专注于服务业，而不是盲目追随中国的制造业主导型增长模式，他说印度制造的商品可能会像中国商品一样在西方面临激烈反应。
正文翻译
Raghuram Rajan on why a China model of manufacturing doesn't work for us. Raghuram Rajan says India shouldn't build manufacturing like China to avoid backlash by west
拉古拉姆-拉詹谈为什么中国的制造业模式不适合我们。拉古拉姆-拉詹说，印度不应该像中国一样建立制造业，以避免西方的激烈反应。
注：拉古拉姆·古米塔·拉詹是一位印度经济学家，于2013年接任第23任印度储备银行总裁。他曾是印度财政部首席经济顾问，2003年至2006年间，担任国际货币基金组织首席经济学家。在此之前，他是美国芝加哥大学布斯商学院财政学教授。
Raghuram Rajan, who has repeatedly emphasised that India should focus on services instead of blindly following the China model of manufacturing-led growth, says goods manufactured in India can face a backlash in the West just as Chinese goods have.
It is, therefore, unwise for India to use all resources for a manufacturing-led growth instead of building strength in services where it has an advantage.
“The problem for us in imitating China’s path is China has already created
the backlash in the West to manufacturing-led growth. It is not that we will be able to manufacture those cheap assembly line stuff that China manufactured and sent to the US without seeing a similar kind of backlash against India. There is a lot of sensitivity to this kind of stuff today,” said Rajan in a conversation with MK Anand, MD, Times Network at the Times Network India Economic Conclave.
拉古拉姆-拉詹曾多次强调，印度应专注于服务业，而不是盲目追随中国的制造业主导型增长模式，他说印度制造的商品可能会像中国商品一样在西方面临激烈反应。
因此，印度如果将所有资源用于制造业主导的增长，而不是在其具有优势的服务领域建立实力是不明智的。
"我们模仿中国道路里面存在的一个问题是，中国已经在西方国家造成了对制造业主导的增长的反弹。所以即使我们能够制造那些中国正在制造并送往美国的廉价流水线的东西，他们也会对印度产生类似反弹。当今世界，人们对这种东西非常敏感，"拉詹在印度经济网络会议上对印度时报的记者说道。
It is, therefore, unwise for India to use all resources for a manufacturing-led growth instead of building strength in services where it has an advantage.
“The problem for us in imitating China’s path is China has already created
the backlash in the West to manufacturing-led growth. It is not that we will be able to manufacture those cheap assembly line stuff that China manufactured and sent to the US without seeing a similar kind of backlash against India. There is a lot of sensitivity to this kind of stuff today,” said Rajan in a conversation with MK Anand, MD, Times Network at the Times Network India Economic Conclave.
拉古拉姆-拉詹曾多次强调，印度应专注于服务业，而不是盲目追随中国的制造业主导型增长模式，他说印度制造的商品可能会像中国商品一样在西方面临激烈反应。
因此，印度如果将所有资源用于制造业主导的增长，而不是在其具有优势的服务领域建立实力是不明智的。
"我们模仿中国道路里面存在的一个问题是，中国已经在西方国家造成了对制造业主导的增长的反弹。所以即使我们能够制造那些中国正在制造并送往美国的廉价流水线的东西，他们也会对印度产生类似反弹。当今世界，人们对这种东西非常敏感，"拉詹在印度经济网络会议上对印度时报的记者说道。
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How did such a dangerous man manage to become RBI chief? What a disaster!
这样一个危险的人是如何成为印度储备银行主管的？他是一场灾难!
Man what's wrong he said... Please read the article.
老兄他说的有什么不对吗...请先看看这篇文章。
What is wrong?
What is wrong he asks!
What is wrong is that this clown called the RBI chief wants India to skip the industrialization phase itself and jump straight to services!
有什么不对？
错得离谱！
这个被称为印度储备银行主管的小丑竟然想让印度跳过工业化阶段本身，直接跳到服务业，你说有什么不对！
He did not say that. Go read again. Do you know the China model? There’s a difference between India being a self reliant industrialized nation vs being the supplier for the entire world like China. A huge difference! Dude has given examples too on how to create new medical services sector.
他没有这么说。再去读一遍文章吧。你知道中国的模式吗？印度是一个自力更生的工业化国家，而不是像中国那样成为整个世界的供应商，这两者之间是有区别的。这是一个巨大的区别。他也给出了如何创建新的医疗服务部门为例子。
It’s inefficient, but certainly possible.
虽然效率不高，但这么做肯定是可能的。
You don't get it. This is not an optional step. Every single developed country in the world has properly gone through industrialization process. There is not even a single one that has not. Trying to skip this is why we are in this current situation.
Industrialization is not as simple as building roads and some cities. What I mean is that there has to be a solid core of manufacturing sector which will pull the vast majority of the population from the agrarian sector to the industrial sector like manufacturing, construction etc. and so on. This is when you will see a very sudden boom in development and economy. All this needs to be done while simultaneously developing the agriculture sector to maximize output.
In India, even today, more than 40% of the workforce is employed in the agriculture sector. That is beyond horrible. It is downright shit. Countries with far less percentage of workers in the agriculture sector are able to export more than us.
你不明白。这根本不是一个可选的步骤。世界上的每一个发达国家都适当地经历了工业化进程。根本没有一个国家没有经历过就跳到服务业的。试图跳过这一步是我们这个国家处于目前这种状况的原因。
工业化并不像是修修道路和给一些城市建造点基础设施那么简单。我的意思是，工业化必须有一个坚实的制造业核心，将绝大多数人口从农业部门拉到工业部门，如制造业、建筑业等等。这时你会看到发展和经济的突然繁荣。所有这些都需要在同时发展农业部门以实现产出最大化。
在印度，即使在今天，超过40%的劳动力仍在农业部门就业。这实在是太可怕了。它是彻头彻尾的烂摊子。农业部门工人比例低得多的国家都能比我们出口更多农产品。
Afaik it was 60 percent instead.
我没记错的话，我们农业部门占比是60%。
In 2019 they said 42% of working pops. 60 seems bit too much no? Almost 1980s stuff
在2019年，他们说42%的工作人口处于农业部门。60%似乎有点太多了，不是吗？几乎像是1980年代的数据。
I don't know the latest stuff. Agriculture is the most unproductive sector ever.
我不知道最新的数据。反正农业是有史以来最没有生产力的部门。
He is not saying ‘Don’t build industries.’ He’s saying don’t build like China where you depend on supplying the entire world cheap crap.
他没说'不要建立工业'。他说的是不要像中国那样建造依赖向整个世界供应廉价的体系。
Remember during start of Covid, there was severe PPE kit shortage and the ones coming from China were of a pathetic paper quality.
Every nation needs to be Aatma Nirbhar, atleast for its basic necessities.
India imports most of it chemicals from China. After Doklam crisis, we couldn't even say a big FU to China.
记得在COVID刚开始的时候，个人防护装备严重短缺，从中国运来的防护装备的质量也很差。
每个国家都需要自力更生，至少在其基本必需品方面是如此。
印度的大部分化学品都是从中国进口的。然而在洞朗危机之后，我们甚至没办法对中国说一句"去你的"。
People have no reading comprehension skills.
有些人没有阅读理解的能力。
He is saying start advertising and focus on sales pitch even before producing goods.
他说的是，在生产商品之前就开始做广告，专注于销售宣传。
Manufacturing is mass employers and is the only method to fix poverty / unemployment
reliance on only the services sector is bad.
制造业能提供大规模的就业岗位，也是解决贫困/失业的唯一方法
只依赖服务业是不好的。
We shouldn't build our manufacturing infra like China. But we should build our manufacturing infra.
我们不应该像中国一样建设我们的制造业基础设施。但我们应该建立我们自己的制造业基础设施。
Exactly
没错
His point is specific to export oriented manufacturing capabilities. India is better off focusing on services. It is a proven capability. Also, India is too far behind China in both scope and scale of manufacturing to compete. He is correct about a resentment in the west because a lot of small towns that lost their manufacturing employment to China . Given all of these headwinds, India won’t be able to compete unless there is a significant cost reduction through suppressed wages. That is not beneficial to India. Of course, India can be sextive in what they manufacture. It can take the route of South Korea or Taiwan and focus on specific sectors.
他的观点是专门针对出口导向的制造能力。印度最好专注于服务。这是一种印度已经很成熟的能力。另外，印度在制造业的范围和规模上都远远落后于中国，无法与之竞争。他对西方国家对此感到愤懑的看法是正确的，因为很多小城镇的制造业就业被中国取代了。鉴于所有这些不利因素，印度将无法与之竞争，除非通过压低工资大幅降低成本。这对印度是不利的。当然，印度可以有选择地生产什么。它可以采取韩国或台湾（地区）的路线，专注于特定行业。
Never seen such a moronic economist in my life. Dumbass wants us to skip the industrialization phase itself!
在我的一生之中从未见过如此低能的经济学家。这傻子想让我们跳过工业化阶段本身!
He means the overcrowded , low level of hygienic work condition , sub human conditions and almost bonded labour Chinese factories have that undermine even basic human rights .
Read the article ?
他指的是中国那些拥挤的、低卫生水平工作条件的ooxx的工厂。
有没有读过这篇文章？
No. He does not. He says we should go for services. Have you read the article?
不，他没有说你这些东西。他说我们应该去寻求服务业。你自己读过这篇文章吗？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Neither of you are wrong, the article itself is vague as fuck because it starts off with precedents of what RRR had said before or emphasised upon and then comes his actual contextual speech dictating thay the exact China model won't work due to poor quality products in the manufacturing industry in China, while also suggesting that India should be building up on its strengths too which is services.
Problem is that the Article is of very poor grade. Reminds me of a recent survey I did where you have to pick which article was written by GPT-3 vs the actual article. Guess what, AI covers the topic more sensibly, coherently and holistically than catchy and clickbait-y lines from real news media.
你们都没有错，这篇文章本身的说法就很模糊，因为它一开始就是以拉詹以前说过的或强调过先例作为引子，然后才是他联系上下文的实际讲话，说由于中国制造业的产品质量差，完全按照中国的模式是行不通的，同时还建议印度也应该加强自己的优势，即服务业。
问题是，这篇文章的档次很低。这让我想起了我最近做的一项调查，让你选择看看哪篇文章是由GPT-3写的，而不是真人写作的文章。你猜怎么着，人工智能写出的那篇涵盖的主题比真正的新闻媒体的稿子更琅琅上口和标题更合理、内容更有条理和更全面。
（GPT-3：生成型已训练变换模型3 是一个自回归语言模型，目的是为了使用深度学习分类或产生人类可以理解的自然语言。GPT-3是由在旧金山的人工智能公司OpenAI训练与开发，模型设计基于谷歌开发的变换语言模型。）
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
He expects you to know what the China model is. It’s not his fault at all if the readers are morons.
他希望你已经知道了中国的模式是什么。但如果读者是白痴，这根本不是他的错。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Who gives out economics degrees?!
谁给他颁发的经济学学位？
He is definitely trying to kill Indias growth prospects. While I give BJP 3 out of 10 in its industrial policy, this guy wants us to skip the only thing that will create the millions of jobs we desperately need, both skilled and unskilled. Democracy will not allow sweat shops in India but we can learn a thing or two about organization and discipline from the Chinese.
他绝对是在试图扼杀印度的增长前景。虽然我只给印度人民党的工业政策打了3分，但这家伙想让我们跳过唯一能创造我们迫切需要的数百万个工作岗位的东西，包括技术和非技术性的。民主不允许印度制造血汗工厂，但我们可以从中国人那里学到一两件关于组织和纪律的事情。
Russia tried jumping directly to services i guess and got fcuked.
俄罗斯不就是试图跳过工业直接跳到服务业吗，我猜搞砸了。
Let the west backlash, why should we care? It's not like china is being stopped when they're "backlashing" China at the moment. The west aren't our allies anyways. They betrayed us every single fuckin time. Stop bootlicking the west and stop wondering what the west(waste) would say
那让西方人“反弹”呗，我们为什么要关心？此刻他们"反击"中国的时候，也没见他们能阻挡中国的脚步啊。反正西方也不是我们的盟友。他们每次都他妈的背叛了我们。不要再拍西方的马屁了，不要再想那些西方（废物）会怎么说。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Why is he afraid ?
他为什么要怕西方的反弹？
He's a pure lol, brainwashed by American lols
他是一个纯粹的傻瓜，被美国人洗脑了。
And to think this man has gone to IIT, iim and MIT...
想到这个人已经爬上了IIT、IIM和MIT的高位......
And to think that you might have not gone to any of them, so perhaps give his words some weight.
The top comments explain what he meant, and definitely it makes sense.
想想看，上面任何一个职位都不是你能达到的，所以也许这给了他的话一些分量。
上面也有评论解释了他的意思，绝对是有道理的。
Why he is talking about INDIA. Let him settle down in UNITED STATES with all his GENERATIONS and if possible take his relatives also.
为什么他要谈论印度。让他和他所有的后代在美国定居，如果可能的话，把他的亲戚也带走。
Mai ye backlash wali baat samjha nahi. West is sensitive about such issues. But that's where it ends. They show themselves as liberals but exploits cheap labour globally. An example is of Kylie Jenner herself not paying Bangladeshi labour but there is no repercussions for her.
反弹？西方对此类问题很敏感。但到此为了。他们说自己是自由主义者，但却在全球范围内剥削廉价劳动力。一个例子是凯莉-詹娜自己不支付孟加拉国劳工的工资，但对她没有任何影响。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
This man should be avoided completely.
不应该听这个人胡诌
This dude just is a waste if air
这家伙简直是在浪费空气
Did he study in WhatsApp university
他是在WhatsApp上的大学吗？
Can we have like 4 to 5 port cities where we make them as unx territories & give absolute power to the Gov there ? I was seeing that only around 5 cities in China which contribute to most of the manufacturing of China.
我们能不能像中国那样，让4到5个港口城市确保是联邦领土的同时给那里的政府以绝对权力？我看到中国有5个城市为中国的大部分制造业做出了贡献。
Goosebumps to hear such a good discussion
听到这么好的讨论，我起了一身鸡皮疙瘩。
We are very good at debating issues, however very poor at implementing on the ground. Indians have been crying hoarse about decentralization since independence, but nothing is really achieved (except perhaps the empowering of village Panchayats by Rajiv Gandhi.). We should learn to improve governance, rather than improving the constitution, which BTW is similar to the constitution of any other ex-British colony.
Unlike India, US is highly decentralized--governments at village, city, state and center have their separate spheres, they can not override the laws that exist in their spheres. Governments at different levels work very well and without corruption (mostly). Courts also work without fear and favor, and throw the scoundrels into jail. Everything is well implemented.
我们非常善于辩论问题，但却不善于落地实施。自独立以来，印度人一直在声嘶力竭地喊着权力下放，但却没有取得任何成果（也许除了拉吉夫-甘地对乡村委员会的授权）。我们应该学会改善治理，而不是改善宪法，因为我们的宪法与其他前英国殖民地的宪法其实很相似。
与印度不同，美国是高度分权的--村、市、州和中央的政府都有自己独立的领域，他们不能推翻存在于他们领域的法律。各级政府运行得都非常好，没有腐败（大部分）。法院的运行也没有恐惧和偏袒，并将恶棍投入监狱。一切都实施得很好。
LoL US with out corruption ?? Scoundrels in jail?? Are u from mars sir ?? Or are u talking from earth oly??
哈哈哈哈哈美国没有腐败？监狱里的恶棍？你是从火星来的吗，先生？你真的是在地球上谈论这番话的吗？
@jaya kishore I live in the US so I know. On the ground governance in US is 1000% times better than that in India. Things get done smoothly and without hassle. Whereas in India, for every little thing, one has to pay some ghoos to government people. I had to pay bribes to the judges in order to get a valid thing done for my OWN property.
So India is light years behind the US and western countries as far as governance is concerned. We Indians should see the reality--not start shouting because of the false pride.
@jaya kishore 我住在美国，所以我知道。美国的实地治理比印度好1000倍。事情办得很顺利，没有麻烦。而在印度，每件小事都要向政府人员支付一些钱。我不得不向法官行贿，以便更好地维护自己的财产。
因此，就治理而言，印度比美国和西方国家落后很多。我们印度人应该看到现实，而不是因为虚假的自豪感而开始大喊大叫。
@Krishna Pillai sir fyi Iam US citizen . Living in US since 1999. Started my career in Virginia , then Florida Jacksonville, then Bay Area . Now in Glendale ,LA. Question is who said india has the best system . We and our grand fathers produced too many kids and now we happily came and settled in US. Made our population to 1.4billion. Here the point US is worst too. You can’t just compare to india and say better. US system is worst too. Drugs , corruption . U shld go and see in down towns . Every month these shootings and murders . Racism . But bcoz for kids we settled here . If u leave cities here and go lil inside amount of racism you can see is unbelievable . So stop lecturing . Iam from here too
@Krishna Pillai 先生，跟你说吧，我是美国公民。自1999年起生活在美国。在弗吉尼亚州开始了我的职业生涯，然后是佛罗里达州的杰克逊维尔，然后是海湾地区。现在在洛杉矶格伦代尔。问题是，谁说过印度有最好的制度？我们和我们的祖先生了太多的孩子，现在我们高兴地来到美国定居。我们的人口也达到了14亿。这里的重点是美国也是最差的。你不能只和印度相比，就说它有多好。美国的制度也是最糟糕的。毒品，腐败。你应该去贫民区看看。每个月都有枪击案和谋杀案。种族主义。但因为孩子，我们定居在这里。如果你离开这里的城市，到里面去，你能看到的种族主义的数量是令人难以置信的。所以别再说教了。我也是来自这里。
@jaya kishore I agree US has its dark underbelly in having institutional racism and poverty in inner cities, etc. But if you go to the other parts, there is no country that comes close to US. For example, if you go out to rural areas, you will see that small villages and towns (which do not have racial problems) are so well governed--nice roads, no-hassle government departments, very helpful and kind people, etc. Also, this country is probably the best country as far as respect to immigrants is concerned. (Countries of Europe and Oceania are quite racist in comparison.) It is for a reason that US is still the superpower of the world. Brain from all over the world come over here to work and thrive.
@jaya kishore 我同意美国有其黑暗的底层，有制度性的种族主义和内城的贫困，等等。但是，如果你去其他地方，更没有哪个国家能与美国相提并论。例如，如果你去农村地区，你会看到小村庄和城镇（没有种族问题）治理得非常好--漂亮的道路，没有故意找麻烦的政府部门，非常乐于助人和善良的当地人，等等。此外，就尊重移民而言，这个国家可能是最好的国家(相比之下，欧洲和大洋洲的国家是相当种族主义的）。世界各地的人都到这里来工作和发展。
@Krishna Pillai sir no one is saying US is the worst country. But at the same time it has still very bad issues . You mentioned rural areas . Alabama , Charlottesville in VA and ofcourse many places ppl don’t go out after 8pm. Bcoz ppl mug u. I will give u an example when Iam going to LV from LA because of technical issue bus had to stop in btw some mac D. So we and some frnds went in to near by village to take photos . There some ppl openly said we are racists get out of our village . We came back by running . Iam not saying all villages are same . When we were new in LA I got in to bus to goto LA down town bcoz my car will come after 2 days . Driver warned us don’t goto down town LA after 8pm . He said it’s better I plan it in day time . We got down from bus . Iam not saying everyone in US is the same . But it’s evidently there . Yes ofcourse US thrive on green card holders . Their population is just 32cr . Their land is 4 times of India . They have geographical advantage . They can bully on Iraq invade Iraq for watever reason , can invade Afghanistan. Because after world war when world was weak they made everyone dependent on dollar . See the money they printed last 2 years . 2007-2008 financials crisis is absolute blunder by then top to bottom . But they surivive bcoz of dollar . Also they have freedom last 240yrs . With these many advantages why US won’t have whatever U said . See where we were in 1950 13% education rate . Our population was 35 cr now it increased 4 times . US was 16cr it just doubled . But india wl raise . India fertility rate is now 2.2 . Once it reaches population won’t increase according to American university studies from 2040 Indian population go back wards . The population of India in 2000 and 2100 will be same . We are moving to solar power it takes 20-25yrs to move completely . Once dependency on fuel goes way down . Also exports are increasing way up from India . Our literacy rate is 78% hopefully it reaches 90 by 2040. I believe from 2040-2060 is the Indian time . May be that’s the time u must compare india and US may be 100yrs of freedom is the right time to compare US and India . 2047. I think that wl be right time
@Krishna Pillai 先生 没有人说美国是最糟糕的国家。但与此同时，它仍然有非常糟糕的问题。你提到了农村地区。阿拉巴马州，弗吉尼亚州的夏洛茨维尔，当然还有很多地方的人晚上8点以后就不出门了。我给你举个例子，当我从洛杉矶去拉斯维加斯的时候，因为技术问题，车子不得不在一些城市之间的郊区停下来。有些人公然说我们是种族主义者，请离开我们的村庄。我们就跑回来了。我不是说所有的村庄都一样。当我们刚到洛杉矶时，我坐上了去洛杉矶市中心的巴士，因为我的车两天后才会到。司机警告我们，晚上8点以后不要去洛杉矶的市中心。他说我最好在白天计划一下。然后我们就从巴士上下来了。我不是说美国人都是这样的。但这样的情况也是很显著的。当然美国是为绿卡持有者为生的。他们的人口只有3.2亿。他们的土地是印度的4倍。他们有地理优势。他们可以以随便一个理由欺负伊拉克，入侵伊拉克，可以入侵阿富汗。因为在世界大战后，当世界处于弱势时，他们让每个人都依赖美元。看看他们在过去两年里印制的货币。2007-2008年的金融危机完全是因为他们从上到下的失误。但他们因为美元而生存了下来。而且他们已经有了240年的自由。有了这些优势，美国当然能拥有你所说的一切了。看看我们在1950年时的情况，13%的教育率。我们的人口是3.5亿，现在增加了4倍。美国是1.6亿，现在只是增加了一倍。但印度还会继续提高。印度的生育率现在是2.2。根据美国大学的研究，从2040年开始，印度人口将不再增长。2000年和2100年的印度人口将是一样的。我们正在转向太阳能，但需要20-25年的时间才能完全转向。一旦对燃料的依赖性大大降低。另外，印度的出口也在增加。我们的识字率是78%，希望到2040年能达到90%。我相信2040-2060年是印度的时间。也许到那时才是你拿印度和美国比较的时候，也许到了我们自由了100年的时候才是比较美国和印度的正确时间。2047，我认为那将是正确的时间。
@Krishna Pillai Sir, you really have a shallow view of the States. You perceive this country on the basis of internet, tv and movies. One can truly judge a country’s merits and flaws by residing and experiencing it for a significant time. And by your views it doesn’t seems like you have been there.
@Krishna Pillai 先生，你对美国的看法真的很肤浅。你是根据互联网、电视和电影来认识这个国家的。一个人可以通过长时间的居住和体验来真正判断一个国家的优点和缺点。而从你的观点来看，你似乎并没有去过那里。
Dr.Rajan proves that Politics is the highest calling of mankind.
拉詹博士证明了政治是人类的最高使命。
I used to like him earlier but nowadays whenever he opens his mouth he's just spreading negativity and doomsday kinda scenario.
我以前很喜欢他，但现在只要他一开口，就会散布负面情绪和世界末日的情景。
In india decentralisation has led to even more corruption, formenting of feudal hierarchies and poor implementation of welfare schemes.
Tech can offer accountability just as well with less of the baggage.
在印度，权力下放导致了更多的腐败、封建等级制度的强化和福利计划的执行不力。
科技可以提供同样好的问责制，而且没有那么多的包袱。
Some people say things because they have to say something..not because they have something to say
有些人说话是因为他们不得不说，而不是因为他们有话可说。
Highly simplistic view of macroeconomic deeply embedded in governance. Even the idea of democracy has divergence of views. We forget huge manipulation of poor or weak nations by the rich or powerful. Guess they do not see beyond US, Russia and China. Each one is a slave of his prejudices often confused with being educated! Farm laws reform did have clear substitutes which were distorted by the vested interests.
对宏观经济高度简单化的看法深深地嵌入到了我们的治理中。甚至对民主的概念也有不同的看法。我们忘记了富国或强国对穷国或弱国的强力操纵。我猜他们的眼光从没有看到过美国、俄罗斯和中国以外的地方。每个人都是自身偏见的奴隶，即使常常是自诩为受过教育的人！农场法改革确实有明确的替代方案，但被既得利益者扭曲了。
We already in top position in service sector
It's time.to.enter in all sector like china
我们早就在服务行业中处于领先地位
现在是时候像中国这样进入所有行业了。
Regarding not venturing into manufacturing as we will not be able to match up with China. I think we need to build manufacturing ecosystem in critical sectors. We will only have better material science engineers, chemical engineers, semiconductor engineers & communication engineers which will be the bedrock for Smart cities & green energy transformation if we have manufacturing here. Current advanced manufacturing is no more labor intensive but technology intensive.
关于因为我们将无法与中国相提并论就不涉足制造业的看法。我认为我们需要在关键部门建立制造业生态系统。如果我们在自家有制造业，我们将拥有更好的材料科学工程师、化学工程师、半导体工程师和通信工程师，这将是智能城市和绿色能源转型的基石。目前的先进制造业不再是劳动密集型，而是技术密集型。
Raghuram Rajan is as Sanctimonious as ever! He has been proven wrong repeatedly on India, and seemingly wants to continue to eat humble pie!
拉詹还是一如既往地道貌岸然! 他已经多次被证明在印度问题上是错误的，似乎还想继续丢脸!
I disagree with the ur argument about international support on ukrane is due to their good democratic outlook. Infact there is an uprising of neonazi group inside ukraine and violence against russian speaking people. The support comes because of zelenskys lean towards nato and america. And the opportunity of america to weaken the russian economy which is rising as a threat to america in recent years.
我不同意你关于国际社会对乌克兰的支持是由于他们良好的民主前景的说法。事实上，乌克兰境内有一个新纳粹组织的崛起，并对讲俄语的人实施暴力。对乌克兰的支持是由于泽伦斯基对北约和美国的支持。美国有机会抓住时机削弱俄罗斯的经济，而俄罗斯向来是美国的一个威胁。
We need manufacturing to solve unemployment?
我们不需要制造业来解决失业问题吗？
yes Manufacturing is the only solution.
是的，制造业是唯一的解决方案。
Dr. Rajan would have been the Finance Minister of India had he put aside his ultra leftist ideology and accepted the primacy of a democratically elected leader. Dream duo of Dr.Jaishankar & Dr. Rajan would have led our foreign and trade policies.
Alas all are loosing - India, The government and Dr. Rajan himself.
如果拉詹博士抛开他的极左主义思想，接受民选领导人的主导地位，他本可以成为印度的财政部长。吉桑卡尔博士和拉詹博士这对梦幻组合本可以领导我们的外交和贸易政策。
不幸的是，所有的人都输了--印度、政府和拉詹博士本人。
Rajan is purely ideological. Anchor explains how democracy has slowed down China compared to India but Rajan keeps saying democracy is necessary and better without explaining why. The outcomes contradict whatever Rajan says. China has made far better decisions than India.
拉詹是纯粹的意识形态脑。主播解释了与中国相比，民主如何拖累了印度，但拉詹一直说民主是必要的，是更好的，却没有给出任何解释。结果与拉詹所说的一切相矛盾。中国做出的决定远比印度好。
No doubt...
I think China would have been struggling like us if they're a democracy like us.
毋庸置疑...
我认为，如果中国是个像我们一样的民主国家，他们也会像我们一样挣扎。
Because India is a subcontinent with people of multiple languages, castes, religions and so on. Autocracy leads to domination of single language or religion. Causes hatred among India. Divided India doesn't stand a chance against china. What's applicable for China or Pakistan won't be good for India.
因为印度是一个次大陆，人民有多种语言、种姓、宗教等。专制会导致单一语言或宗教的统治。导致印度人之间的仇恨。分裂的印度不可能有机会对抗中国。对中国或巴基斯坦适用的东西对印度没有好处。
@Believe in ME But u have to remember that in democracy the leadership can be changed if it doesnt function well.
In an authoritarian regime it is next to impossible to change a non performing government. And one thing we must remember POWER CORRUPTS EVERYONE WITH TIME.
Democracy enables a counterbalance to the powers given to the Gov.
@Believe in ME 但你必须记住，在民主制度下，如果领导层运作不善，是可以改变的。
在专制制度下，要改变一个不履行职责的政府几乎是不可能的。有一点我们必须记住，随着时间的推移，权力会腐蚀每个人。
民主制度能够平衡政府的权力。
My simple argument would be let us reach to level of chinese development then we can listen to him
我的论点很简单，让我们达到中国的发展水平，然后我们可以听他的。
Let's start the experimentation with you , enforcing Chinese labour and employee culture on you finally controlling your life like a robot
让我们以你作为开始进行实验，对你实施中国的劳动和雇员文化，最终像机器人一样...
@the2% don’t be parrot and toe yourself with neo liberal lines…I agree Chinese have many short coming but they also large skilled working who actually enjoy privileged life.. check the countries like Australia, Germany Canada France they have majority Chinese investors.. they are able to do it because their currency is much stronger and they have very good business volume.. we have to come out this 2% attitude we need work in that direction
@the2% 不要鹦鹉学舌，高举新自由主义的旗帜趾高气扬...我同意中国人有很多缺点，但他们也有大量可以真正享受特权生活的技术工人。看看澳大利亚，德国，加拿大，法国，他们有很多中国投资者。他们能够这样做是因为他们的货币更强大，他们有很好的营业额。我们需要朝着这个方向努力。
Rajan seems to be not ready to accept any success of Modi Govt. His talk is so biased and stinking of congress gulami bias
拉詹似乎还没有准备好接受莫迪政府的任何成功。他的谈话是如此的有偏见，并散发着国大党的偏见。
He clearly has a agenda
他显然有自己的议程
Modi and Shah take a decision seeing the benefits of Adani and Ambani not seeing the benefits of common people
莫迪和沙赫都是只看到阿达尼和安巴尼（都是印度大富豪）的利益而没有看到普通人的利益就做出了决定。
What is your proof for that statement?
何出此言？
No govt has said that it's putting all its eggs into manufacturing. Where did he get this from??? The plan is to increase % of share of manufacturing in our economy. He is really a sad version of his original self. Tragic.
没有哪个政府说过它要把所有的鸡蛋都投入到制造业这个篮子。他是从哪里得到这个消息的？计划是增加制造业在我们经济中的份额。他真是越走越偏了。悲剧。
MR Rajan doesn't offer good solutions. All his learning is basis the constructs of the west ~ democracy, neo liberalism, capitalism etc. We need independent thinking savants rather than oxford educated folks who think inside the box.
拉詹先生并没有提供好的解决方案。他学习的东西都是基于西方的构造~民主、新自由主义、资本主义等等。我们需要独立思考的专家，而不是那些受过牛津大学教育只会在盒子里思考的人。
How great are the ideas of Dr.Rajan. India can leapfrog in the services sector. Global consultancy, Global telemedicine etc would create wealth and employment for Indians and help India byepass the manufacturing leap.
拉詹博士的想法太棒了。印度可以在服务领域实现跨越式发展。全球咨询、全球远程医疗等将为印度人创造财富和就业，并帮助印度实现超越制造业的飞跃。
India is a home to most unskilled people, uneducated poor in the world. go into the real villages where most of the Indians reside. leapfrogging manufacturing brings too much inequity. Sitting on softwares is great & we all doing that but manufacturing would solve a bigger problem of jobs.
印度是世界上大多数没有技术的人、没有受过教育的穷人的家园。不信走进大多数印度人居住的真正的村庄看看。跨越式的制造业带来太多的不公平。坐在软件上产业上的感觉很好，我们都在这样做，但制造业能解决更大的就业问题。
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@PRATIK BULANI Dr Rajan has not advocated to abandon manufacturing. He has indicated that India has the capacity to leapfrog in Digitex.
@PRATIK BULANI 拉詹博士并没有主张放弃制造业。他表示，印度有能力在Digitex领域实现跨越式发展。
@In fact Hmm I understand what Mr Rajan is saying but it does seem extremely difficult to just leapfrog. Chinese labour has become very expensive . Vietnam is too small of a country to replace most of Manufacturing from China. We do have a good shot
@In fact 嗯，我理解拉詹先生的意思，但要想实现跨越式发展，确实非常困难。中国的劳动力已经变得非常昂贵。越南是一个太小的国家，无法取代中国的大部分制造业。我们确实有一个好机会。
At this point it is a useless suggestions. Because during his tenure he did not improve either manufacturing nor service sector.
说到这，这是一个没有用的建议。因为在他的任期内，他既没有改善制造业也没有改善服务业。他们只对制造业的谎言和媒体的洗脑感兴趣。
According to him only Congress Model is the best working Model in the world.
据他的说法，只有国大党的模式才是世界上最好的工作模式。
He seems to have lots of free time to give unsolicited advice to India. May be his current employers in Chicago can take note and give him some more challenges
他似乎有很多空闲时间来给印度提供不请自来的建议。也许他目前在芝加哥的雇主可以注意到这一点，给他点事儿干。
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Until INDIA provides free food and free education and skills upto the secondary level, it would get stuck in low productivity and income like agriculture... Distribution of labour and income according to the aptitude/skills and specialisation is the goal of the economic policy-making...
在印度能够提供免费食物、免费教育和至少中等水平的技能培训之前，它将陷入像农业等低生产力和收入的境地...根据能力/技能和专业化来分配劳动力和收入是经济决策的目标。
A country as large as India can't depend on services alone, it has to be capable of doing everything.
像印度这样的大国不能仅仅依靠服务，它必须有能力做一切事情。
Dr Rajan is right. It is not wise to imitate China when it comes to manufacturing. India canâ t beat China. They produce at a far cheaper price. It is high time to improve the standards in our educational institutions. Degrees awarded in most of the universities are not recognized. Faculty is pathetic and no proper infrastructure. Private institutions are there just for money. They are not teaching students to think outside the box. Students are more or less interested in grades and marks. They do not have passion for the subjects that they are learning
拉詹博士是对的。在制造业方面，模仿中国是不明智的。印度不可能打败中国。他们以更便宜的价格生产。现在是提高我们教育机构标准的时候了。大多数大学授予的学位都不被承认。师资力量很薄弱，没有适当的基础设施。私营机构只是为了赚钱。他们没有教学生跳出框框思考。学生或多或少都只对成绩和分数感兴趣。他们对所学的科目没有热情。
1.Rajan is wrong.
2.India can beat China.India was no.1 before the barbarians came.
3.India can give the best education , values based education.
1.拉詹错了。
2.印度可以打败中国，在野蛮人到来之前，印度是第一。
3.印度可以提供最好的教育，基于价值观的教育。
The main stress Mr.Raghuram Rajan placed in his analytical article is to have an open dialogue in a Democratic setup which is totally missing inthe autocratic countries like China & Russia.In my opinion our country beimg a Parliamentary Democracy is actually a case of Parliamentary Dictatorship, where neither a Democratic dialogue nor any debate is allowed so far.
拉古拉姆·拉詹在他的分析文章中主要强调的是在民主体制中进行公开对话，这在中国和俄罗斯等OO国家是完全没有的。但在我看来，我们国家的议会民主实际上是议会独裁，因为到目前为止既不允许民主对话，也不允许任何辩论。
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It is high time Rajan stops advising Indians and Indian government what to to do and what not to do.There are plenty of people in Indian govt and millions in general population much smarter,wiser and more down to earth than him
现在是拉詹停止向印度人和印度政府建议该做什么和不该做什么的时候了。印度政府中有很多人，普通民众中有数百万人比他更聪明、更有智慧、更脚踏实地。
he is lobbying for Chinese imports.
他是在为中国的进口游说。
this iddddiot need to understand that India needs to become an manufacturing base not for exports but for self sufficiency. he is anti national when says India should not be manufacturing base and depends upon Cheap chinese imports.
这个白痴需要明白，印度需要成为一个制造基地，不是为了出口，而是为了自给自足。他说印度不应该成为制造基地，而是依赖廉价的中国进口产品，是反国家的。
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Exactly this. India has a huge domestic population.
正是如此。印度有庞大的国内人口。
Why bother about manufacturing. Invest in crypto, one will become billionaire, or atleast a millionaire in 5 years. Imagine everyone in India, a millionaire, there will be no need to do any job. Everyone can just sit at home and enjoy life.
为什么要为制造业而烦恼。投资加密货币，一个人将成为亿万富翁，或者至少在5年内成为百万富翁。想象一下，在印度，每个人都是百万富翁，将不需要做任何工作。每个人都可以坐在家里，享受生活。
Being an academic, Raghuram Rajan misses one important reality. Promotion of services-oriented sectors like telemedicine and IT will benefit only educated and professionally qualified individuals like medical and computer science graduates. Rajan seems to overlook the fact that the overwhelming majority of job seekers in the country, as is the case even in China, are only semi-skilled, poorly educated artisans suitable for employment only in manufacturing industries. It is by promoting the manufacturing industries and exporting their products that China has become an economic superpower and it will be by going by the same route India can hope to become another economic superpower!
作为一名学者，拉古拉姆-拉詹忽略了一个重要的现实。促进远程医疗和信息技术等以服务为导向的部门，将只有利于受过教育和具有专业资格的个人，如医学和计算机科学毕业生。拉詹似乎忽略了这样一个事实：国内绝大多数的求职者，甚至在中国也是如此，都只是半熟练的、教育程度低的工匠，只适合在制造业就业。正是通过促进制造业和出口其产品，中国才成为一个经济超级大国，而印度也将通过同样的途径，才有希望成为另一个经济超级大国！
In India God's & Religions are playing imp role for (Anti-India) development..
This is the basic difference in China & India.
在印度，神仙和宗教在（反印度）发展中扮演着重要角色。
这就是中国和印度的本质区别。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
he has no idea
这家伙不知道他在说什么
CHINA MODEL WILL NOT WORK IN INDIA; IN CHINA NO ONE CAN TALK; ONLY THEY CAN WORK; IF THEY TALK LIKE MR.R.R. THEY WILL BE THE NEXT IN DARKNESS.
SO INDIAN INDEPENDENCE AND OPPOSITION PARTIES; SLOGANS; BRUTAL TALKS ONLY OUR PRESENT MODEL IS RIGHT. THIS MAY BE AMMENDED A LITTLE
中国模式在印度确实行不通；在中国，说得少，做得多；如果他们像拉詹先生那样只会大放厥词，他们早就陷入黑暗时代了。
因此，像印度这样各路的独立和反对党拉山头、喊口号、揭老底的会谈等等，我们现在的模式是正确的。也许还有一点修改的余地。
it is astronomically difficult to offer telemedicine from India. Even Indian services sector too have faced opposition in west. just some propaganda for 3 minute fame.
从印度提供远程医疗是非常困难的。甚至印度的服务业在西方也面临反对。
RR is right in advice that we don't put all eggs in one basket. There's need to enhance manufacturing but not at cost of our service industry. India has great scope in enhancing its service sector including Medical care. We can also be a soft power. Look at our Cinematic opportunities. There are many areas which offer great opportunities. Yes we can't afford to neglect manufacturing sector and that is not the argument of RR.
拉詹的建议是正确的，我们不要把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。有必要加强制造业，但不能以牺牲我们的服务业为代价。印度在加强包括医疗在内的服务行业方面有很大的空间。我们也可以成为一个软实力大国。看看我们的电影制作。有许多领域都提供了巨大的机会。是的，我们不能忽视制造业，但这并不是拉詹的论点。
Manufacturing is important for a LARGE NATION LIKE INDIA. For nuts, bolts, chips and LEDs and batteries wr can't be importing it always from China. Full stop RR. Even if the world does not buy, our market is combined, EU, US, Oceania and Australiasia and ASEAN. Stop lecturing India.
制造业对于像印度这样的大国很重要。对于螺母、螺栓、芯片、LED和电池，我们不能总是从中国进口。句号。即使全世界都不买，我们的市场也是很多的，比如欧盟、美国、大洋洲、澳大利西亚和东盟。不要再对印度说教了。
India is still a net importer of washing machine, we import speciality steel although we have one of largest iron ore reserve. We need to be self reliant wherever possible or shall perpetually be beggars and dependant on remittance and foreign currency.
印度仍然是洗衣机的净进口国，尽管我们拥有最大的铁矿石储备，但我们还是得进口特种钢材。我们需要尽可能地自力更生，否则将永远是乞丐，依赖汇款和外汇。
I think we should stop employing people of Harvard and Oxford. an Indian studied in India is a better candidate. than this expats
我认为我们应该停止雇用哈佛和牛津的人。在印度学习的印度人是更好的人选。
India must do exactly opposite to his advice
印度必须跟他的建议反着来才行。
“An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why the things he predicted yesterday didn't happen today.”
"经济学家是一种他明天会知道为什么他昨天预测的事情今天没有发生的专家。"
Raghuram Rajan forgets we are a nation of 125 billion people. If we donâ t manufacture ourselves we will depend on China or other countries for our needs. It is fashionable for intellectuals like him to find fault in every policy of this government. We know very well what progress we made in his tenure as governed of RBI. Pile of bad loans. It will be better for such thinkers to come with solutions not finding faults in every step. Let him present a solution how to free India for dependence on Russia and China and OPEC.
拉古拉姆-拉詹忘记了我们是一个拥有12.5亿人口的国家。如果我们不自己生产，我们将依赖中国或其他国家满足我们的需求。对于像他这样的知识分子来说，对本届政府的每一项政策找茬是很时髦的。我们很清楚，在他担任RBI理事长期间，我们取得了哪些“进展”。那就是不良贷款堆积如山。这样的思想家最好是想出一些解决方案，而不是对国家的每一步都指指点点。让他提出一个如何使印度摆脱对俄罗斯、中国和欧佩克的依赖的解决方案。
High time you stopped giving free unwanted advice for India. manufacturing is the backbone for any nation to be self reliant. When the world thinks India can be a mfg hub our learned rajan thinks otherwise. Please concentrate on teaching. your advice has not and will not work for India.
现在是你停止为印度提供免费的无用建议的时候了。制造业是任何一个国家自力更生的支柱。 当全世界都认为印度可以成为一个制造中心时，我们博学的拉詹却不这么认为。请专注于你的教学。你的建议没有也不会对印度起作用。
The world thinks, India can be a manufacturing hub? What a joke. With our poor infrastructure, bureaucratic rules there is not a chance we can compete against the likes of China and make any progress. Everybody should know that. But the current leadership doesn't know or is fooling the public
世界认为印度可以成为一个制造业中心？真是个笑话。由于我们糟糕的基础设施和官僚主义，我们没有机会与中国这样的国家竞争并取得任何进展。每个人都应该知道这一点。但目前的领导层不知道，或知道但是在愚弄公众。