世界稀土危机？为什么我们需要它们？谁又拥有它们？（二）
Rare earths crunch? Why we need them and who has them | Business Beyond
译文简介
大多数稀土元素大家可能都没听说过，但被称为稀土的17种金属元素对现代生活至关重要。它们存在于我们的智能手机、电脑、电视和其他几乎所有电子设备中。它们在创造无碳未来的计划中也发挥着重要作用。
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China exported rare earth to German since pre WWII. That's why German helped China built up new soldier system then. At the time UK &US Anglo empire had embargo German any logistics materials including rare earth.
US has abundant of rare earth but they lack huge water resource in extracting them. Also US is always printing dollars. That is why it is not interested in producing its own like when its dollar was not international trade currency.
在二战前，中国就在向德国出口稀土。这就是为什么德国当时帮助中国建立了新的士兵体系。当时英美帝国对德国实施了包括稀土在内的一切物流物资禁运。
美国稀土资源丰富，但在开采过程中缺乏巨大的水资源。此外，美国一直在印美元。这也是中国对印自己的货币不感兴趣的原因，就像美元当初还不是国际贸易货币时期一样（不会疯狂印美元）。
I learned from the Geological Survey that the valley of my forest, including the forests of some neighbors, had one of the highest rare earth (and Thorium) concentrations in the world. If extracted, it would be worth around 1 trillion dollars they said. Sounds nice, but for environmental reasons, the government put a ban on extracting it. Maybe, if it can eventually be done in an eco-friendly way, future generations might benefit from this. So, it is maybe everywhere, but in very different concentrations.
我从地质调查局得知，我的森林山谷，包括一些邻居的森林，拥有世界上最高的稀土(和钍)浓度之一。他们表示，如果开采，价值将达到1万亿美元左右。听起来不错，但出于环境原因，政府禁止提取它。也许，如果最终能以一种环保的方式来完成，未来的几代人可能会从中受益。所以，它可能到处都是，只是浓度不同。
It's actually a strategic more. Thorium is potentially the next best radioactive fuel. Deposits which are extremely important strategically are not really revealed easily by governments and are treated a sensitive data. The ban because of the environmental reason is probably the government's way to keep the reserve until its the right time to use
这实际上是一种战略。钍可能是下一个最好的放射性燃料。在战略上具有极其重要意义的储量，政府是不会轻易披露的，会被视为敏感数据。出于环境原因的禁令，可能是政府保留自愿的方式，直到合适的时机再开发
@Aleena Prasannan Could be true. Let us hope such a situation will not happen
可能是真的。让我们祈祷这样的情况不会发生
@Fred Midtgaard You are lucky. There is Thorium in the beach sands in our place, but individuals probably won't get any financial benifit since beaches and river banks are government property
你很幸运。在我们住的地方，沙滩上的沙子里就有钍，但个人可能无法因此得到任何经济利益，因为海滩和河岸是政府的财产
@Aleena Prasannan Sorry for that! I honestly do not expect any benefit but maybe my kids can get a bit if they cut down the forest to get to it.
对此感到抱歉！老实说，我不期望得到任何好处，但如果我的儿子们为了得到它而砍伐森林，他们可能想要得到一些好处。
@Fred Midtgaard If an open cast mine is too close to residents, ofcourse they would have to compensate you
如果露天煤矿离居民点太近，他们当然要给你赔偿
@Aleena Prasannan I own the land so likely they will give me some
我拥有那些土地，他们才可能会给我一些钱
The more I learn about “clean energy” the more I am inclined to think that it’s not CLEAN AT ALL
我对“清洁能源”了解得越多，就越倾向于认为它一点也不清洁
Geo thermal is the only clean energy now and even that takes ore to tap into the earth's lower mantle.
地热能是目前唯一的清洁能源，即便如此，也依然需要采矿才能开采到地球的下地幔。
Pollution comes in many forms, but even when considering the mining impacts of renewable energy systems, fossil fuel energy is still overall far more polluting between greenhouse gases, particulate matter, acid rain impacts, fire/explosion hazards, and derived petrochemicals (ex. microplastics and endocrine-disrupting plastics and their additives).
污染有多种形式，但哪怕算上可再生能源系统在采矿上面的影响，总的来说，化石燃料能源在温室气体、微粒物质、酸雨影响、火灾/爆炸危害和衍生石化产品(如微塑料和干扰内分泌的塑料及其添加剂)之间，也仍然污染更加严重。
With the increase of demand technology evolves much faster. In the future we should be able to produce materials with the characteristics of rarer elements from more commonly available and more environmentally friendly elements. Graphene is just the start, the same is already starting to be done with other elements.
随着需求的增加，技术会发展得更快。在未来，我们应该能够从更常见和更环保的元素中生产出具有稀有元素特征的材料。比如石墨烯只是一个开始，其他元素的研究也已经开始了。
Grafene is the start and the finish. Grafene will not replace anything except graphite.
石墨烯是起点也是终点。石墨烯不会取代任何东西。
@GEO sustainable To put it mildly, I don't know how one could make a more nonsense comment about graphene and nanotechnology.
说得委婉点，我完全无法理解，你是怎么能对石墨烯和纳米技术做出如此荒谬的评论。
They're not that rare. The US and Australia have plenty for example, only political and strategic complacency has seen China corner the majority of the market.
稀土其实并不罕见。美国和澳大利亚有很多，只是政治和战略自满，才导致中国垄断了大部分市场。
Do you have proof of what you are saying? Manybe a lix to this information so we can all see.
你有证据证明你所说的话吗？如果有一条这种信息的来源链接最好，这样我们都可以亲眼看到。
Not exactly true because concentrations in rare earth deposits differ across the world and the production process not only involves intellectual property but economies of scale which the Chinese have cornered.
并不完全正确，因为世界各地的稀土矿藏浓度不同，而且生产过程不仅涉及知识产权，还涉及规模经济，而中国已经将这些垄断了。
@J A That's a good point, which is why government intervention to ensure a supply independent of the CN regime would be prudent.
说得好，这就是为什么政府必须干预，以确保供应独立于中国的做法是正确的。
True not rare, but refining tech all held by China.
确实并不罕见，但精炼技术都由中国持有。
LMAO, the refining process of the rare Earth is extremely polluting, many countries including the US or any European countries are not willing to sacrifice their environment for the refining process, China took the challenge, develop this refining process and technology over a long period of time, huge sacrifice and huge investment, today China holds the most technology patent of this process, not because China controls the market, but they are the biggest exporter of rare Earth, about 80-90%, Japan is the second largest exporter, no one stop anyone to invest in this rare Earth refinery process, it only takes huge amount of time for infrastructure and technology development, about 10-15 years, also require sacrifice of their country 's environment, if your country do not want to do it, stop blaming China for exporting most of the rare Earth, also no one force anyone to buy from China, buy from the Japanese if you want to!
狂笑，稀土的精炼过程是非常污染环境的，包括美国和任何欧洲国家都不愿意为精炼过程牺牲环境，中国接受了挑战，开发了精炼过程和技术，花费了很长一段时间，巨大的牺牲和巨大的投资，今天中国拥有精炼过程中最多的技术专利，不是因为中国控制了市场，而是他们是最大的稀土出口国，大约80-90%，日本是第二大出口国，没有人阻止任何人投资稀土精炼过程，这只是在基础设施和技术发展方面需要大量的时间，大约10-15年，也需要牺牲自己国家的环境，如果你们国家不想这样做，就不要指责中国出口大部分稀土，也没有人强迫任何人从中国购买，如果你们不想，就从日本购买吧！
it show the distribution of rare earth minerals around the world. China does not lead with amount of rare earth minerals(and this is what we have found to date.) Either we figure out how to mine in a less destructive way or we do without until a new compound can be made that is BETTER THAN the rare earth element. CHEMISTRY.
其实中国的稀土资源并不多(这是我们迄今为止发现的储量分布)。要么我们想办法以一种破坏性较小的方式开采，要么我们就不开采，直到能制造出一种比稀土元素更好的新化合物为止。
Cheaper to recycle than extract, some are saying, chemistry!
有人会说，化学至上，回收比提取更便宜！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In short, green energies are not that green as you thought.
简而言之，绿色能源并不像大家想象的那么环保。
The United States better get motivated. We can't rely on other nations to supply what we need for energy. We must be self sufficient for our energy needs.
美国最好有自己的供应。我们不能依赖其他国家来供应我们所需要的能源。我们必须要自给自足地满足我们的能源需求。
yeah rather spending money for war...in the name of democracy.. i agree americans should work hard in real sense. just printing unlimited money wont work in long run. specially when money use as weapon ..
是的，现在的美国宁愿把钱花在战争上……以民主的名义……我同意美国人应该真正的努力工作。从长远来看，无限印钞是行不通的。特别是当金钱被用作为武器的时候……
Almost anyone can mine them. It's just messy refining them. China has taken on that messy refining and done it for a low price squelching the competition.
几乎任何人都可以开采它们。主要是精炼它们很麻烦。中国已经接手了这个混乱的精炼产业，并以低价进入市场压制了竞争对手。
“I think that even if we do this, it will be inadequate” ahhh yes nihilism that will save us
"我认为即使我们也这样做，也依然还不够"啊哈哈，是的，虚无主义会拯救我们
recycling isnt cost effective at all at the moment. For everyone who is interested in this rare earth topic I really recommend the book "THE RARE METALS WAR" from Guillaume Pitron
回收利用目前还没有足够的成本效益。对于每个对稀土话题感兴趣的人，我真的推荐Guillaume Pitron的《稀有金属之战》这本书
There could come a time when cost effective is beside the point, if you're going to continue with the industry.
如果你真的打算从事这个行业，可能会有一段时间成本效益不是重点。
You eventually have to regardless whether its cost effective or not.
你最终必须还是要考虑它的成本效益。
This post has so few views considering its importance. It is very disappointing that so many people live in complete ignorance of the technology that is essential to their lives.
考虑到稀土的重要性，这篇文章的有用观点太少了。如此多的人对他们的生活中至关重要的技术完全无知，这真是非常令人失望。
For some people; ignorance is bilss.
How else could one explain the existence of entities such as the MAGA mob.
对一些人来说，无知是福。
否则如何解释像MAGA暴徒这些人的存在。
Apart from Europe and North America, the only other stable place to get your rare earths (and every other resource) is Australia. They seem to have everything that the world needs.
除了欧洲和北美，唯一能稳定获得稀土(以及其他所有资源)的地方就是澳大利亚。他们似乎拥有世界所需的一切。
You forgot about South America
你忘了南美
Japan have alot of alternatives to rare earth minerals.
日本有很多稀土矿物的替代品。
The truth is, rare earth are pretty common all over earth. The fact is, some nations are way ahead of mining them than other nations. All advancement of technology especially mine products have always a footprints of devastations. The solution is to be a responsible miner. All gorvernment knows all of this, the problem is, most company/miners are always profit first which means less responsible ways of mining.
事实上，稀土在地球上随处可见。同样的事实也有，一些国家在采矿方面远远领先于其他国家。所有技术的进步，特别是和采矿相关产品的进步，总是伴随着环境灾难。解决方案是做一个负责任的矿工。所有政府都知道这一点，真正的问题是，大部分公司/矿工总是利润第一，这同时也意味着不负责任的采矿方式。
Basically it’s like Iron, China can make stainless steel from iron ore while Europe can only make cast iron.
基本上就像铁一样，中国可以用铁矿石制造不锈钢，而欧洲只能制造生铁。
America needs to be careful who dominates in any mineral. It would be just like Germany's dependence on Russia for oil.
美国需要小心主宰着这种矿产的人。这就像德国对俄罗斯石油的依赖一样。
The thing that can change all this is have phones with multiple choice OS and upxe the same phones n laptops we have instead of buying 10 phones tablets and laptops a year THE END .
能够改变这一切的是开发出拥有多种操作系统的手机，更新我们现有的手机和笔记本电脑技术，而不是每年都要重新购买10部手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑。
The West: we won’t sell China any high tech they need.
Also the West: how dare China limit rare earth supply to us !?
西方：我们不会卖给中国任何他们需要的高科技。
还有西方：中国怎么敢限制我们的稀土供应！？
"The West" ; How lazy can you get? Be specific.
“西方”指谁；你到底能有多懒？说的更具体一点。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Relying on China or Russia for your supply chain is risky.
Diversify, diversify, diversify suppliers.
依赖中国或俄罗斯的供应链是有风险的。
多样化，多样化，多样化供应链。
Go diversity rare earth metal supply, I dare you
What are you going to do? Snap rare earth mines out of thin air?
走多元化稀土供应，真敢说
你打算怎么做？凭空挖出稀土？
The US has a lot of rare earths, but environmentalists & EPA over-regulation of mining projects prohibits it in the US. And then we get industry petitioning for lowering tariffs so that other countries can come in and dump their product to outproduce and kill those ongoing domestic mining operations. Then in the future we get to endure a Putinesque renaissance where another country can make demands or shut off the flow. Each country that has them should hold them as strategic resources. But it all boils down to profits and politics.
美国拥有大量稀土，但环保人士和美国环保局对采矿项目的过度监管，禁止在美国本土开采稀土。还有我们通过了该行业要求降低关税的请愿书，这才导致其他国家可以进来，倾销他们的产品，扼杀我们国内那些正在进行的采矿产业。
在未来，我们也许将经历普京式的复兴，其他国家可以随意对我们提出要求，也可以随意切断援助。每个拥有核武器的国家都应该将稀土作为战略资源。但这一切的结局，都归结于利益和政治。
Name an over regulation.
请说出一个过度监管的例子。
Graphene technology will make most of rare earth obsolete...
石墨烯技术将使大多数稀土过时……
People rather dumping their old computers, smartphone ect. Why don't Business man re-use the old to make new.
人们正在丢弃他们的旧电脑、智能手机等。为什么商人不回收旧的，然后来创造新的呢？
Makes better sense than 'climate change'
稀土话题似乎比“气候变化”更有意义
So it’s not clean technology
No recycling of past use of metals
Maybe better mass transit instead of cars everywhere
New Nuclear which is highly efficient and not like the old version
所以稀土技术不是清洁技术
没有回收利用稀有金属
也许需要打造更好的公共交通，而不是到处都是私家汽车
新核能比旧版本更加高效
Every resource is rare when you consider we need five earth sized planets for all the world's peoples to have the same living standards as USA.
当你了解到我们需要五个地球大小的行星，才能让世界上所有的人都拥有和美国一样的生活水平时，每种资源都是稀有的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
France and Germany NOT America
法国和德国，不是美国
Yep that's true. I mean I already knew about India and China with their crazy population per Capita.
But I was clueless about how it's like that in alot of countries in the world. Man this world is crazy
不错，同意。我现在已经知道印度和中国疯狂的人口数量了。
但我对世界上很多国家的情况还一无所知。这世界太疯狂了
Living standards of Norway or Sweden not USA
生活水平是挪威或瑞典，而不是美国
Living standards are not dependent on resources in a linear fashion. Its how those resources are used.
生活水平不是以线性方式依赖于资源。关键在于如何使用这些资源。
So we need to reduce the population by around 6 billion. I suppose we could start with Russia and its allies, that gets us halfway towards our goal with around 3 billion but then its going to get a bit more tricky, with luck the Ukraine war will result in famine and we can only hope and pray its a good one..lol
所以我们需要减少大约60亿人口。我想我们可以从俄罗斯和它的盟友开始，这让我们的目标实现了一半，30亿人口，但之后就会变得有点棘手，幸运的是乌克兰战争好像会导致饥荒，我们只能希望和祈祷这是一个好战争……哈哈
Are U saying we have to LOWER our standards(US is NOT #1- more like #18)
你是说我们必须降低标准吗？(美国的生活水平不是第一，更像是第18)
Basically great-power hoarding, environmentally damaging, child worker employment and more? Isn't it no different from fossil fuels?
主要是能源囤积、环境破坏、童工就业等等问题？所以新能源（稀土用于新能源）和化石燃料没有什么不同吗？
Amazing how “green” waste is far worse for the environment than fossil fuels
令人惊讶，“绿色”废物对环境的危害，竟然远远超过化石燃料
I read somewhere that Afghanistan, Russia and Ukraine have the largest share of rare earths.
我似乎在哪里读到过，阿富汗、俄罗斯和乌克兰拥有最大的稀土资源份额。
I wish all products and all their parts would primarily built under a recyclable perspective and
would have to pay more in terms of taxes to the % of their products which are not designed that way.
(well depending on nation companies and the rich paying taxes at all would be a start, but thats a different topic)
我希望所有的产品和零件都能以可回收再利用为基础
如果他们的产品不是以这种基础设计的，那么他们就必须支付更多的税。
（好吧，想要实现这些，也许要从国有公司和富人纳税开始吧，但这是另一个话题了。）
The question is “will the environmentalists let us dig for rare earth?“
问题是“环保主义者会让我们开采稀土吗？”
Doesn't matter. They will be in jail soon
别担心。他们很快就要进监狱了
@Langton Industries lol what?
哈哈，什么意思？
You do know you have only one planet and no technology that allows you to move to another right?
大家都知道我们暂时只有一个星球，而且没有足够的技术可以让我们去另一个星球，对吧？
@Ops Blac I’m waiting for Elon to start selling tickets to Mars.
我在等马斯克开始卖去火星的机票。
Indonesia is the biggest deposit of Nickel and Cobalt in the world in the form of laterit, but most refinerIes belong to China (investor from China), to not dependent of China in this comodity, I think Eropean or American companies should come to indonesia to build refineries.
印尼是世界上最大的镍和钴矿藏资源国，但大多数精炼厂属于中国(来自中国的投资者)，为了不在这种商品上依赖中国，我认为欧洲或美国公司应该来印尼建精炼厂。
The American or the European don't have the technology for it, also the refinery is extremely environmental polluting, the mining process already brings terrible pollution to your country, if you also have the refinery, I cannot image what your country going to be.
美国或欧洲没有这种技术，而且精炼厂对环境的污染非常严重，采矿过程已经给你们国家带来了可怕的污染，如果你们也有精炼厂，我无法想象你们国家会是什么样子。
Congo have the largest mineral deposits in the world especially cobalt.
刚果拥有世界上最大的矿藏，尤其是钴。
Is Green Technology really clean? It power is inefficient and toxic to manufacture. Sounds like the energy and rescource input put to build the infrasraucture way the out put benefits?
绿色科技真的清洁吗？它的能量效率低，而且对制造有害。听起来像是需要先把能源和资源投入到基础设施建设中，然后才能产出收益？
Everything needs to be recycled. No single use products should be made.
All products should be made with the idea that the materials will eventually be recycled.
所有东西都需要设计成可回收利用。不应该生产一次性产品。
所有的产品都应该考虑最终的材料回收利用。
In the future the only solution will be recycling or space mining!
在未来，唯一的解决办法将是回收，或太空采矿！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Even green energy tech needs abundance of rare earth from efficient , polluted and yet very complicated -difficult details processing plants import from China. So, We should use 100% wood as source of energy instead ?
即使是绿色能源技术也需要大量污染严重的稀土资源，但从中国进口的细节非常复杂。所以，我们应该使用100%的木材作为能源吗？
You must be joking, where those woods come from? Moon? Buhahahahaha
你一定是在开玩笑，那么多的树是从哪里来？月亮吗？
so in other words, rare earth mining is a good bet for stocks purchase
所以换句话说，稀土是购买股票的好选择
They’re called rare for a reason
它们被称为稀有是有原因的
So we move from wars over oil to war over rare earth.
所以我们正在从石油战争转向稀土战争。
This is why they are rare earth`s, man is already consuming them.
这就是为什么它们被称为稀土，人类已经在大量消耗它们了。
We need to start mining this stuff from the asteroids using robots
我们需要用机器人从小行星上开采这些资源
Why is everything politicized?
为什么一切都政治化了？
I have a question, that will not affect us or a few future generations, after the oil and the rare earths go away what happens to humanity then? ... i'm guessing in 100+ years from now ... will recycleble technologies be so good that you can get all of your material investment back ?
我有一个问题，这个问题也不会影响到我们和未来的几代人，所以，在石油和稀土消失之后人类会怎么样？……我猜100多年后，也许……可回收技术会好到能回收所有的物质吗？
Rare earths dont go away, we will improve the recycling ability for those and oil and gas are finite, we have to move away from it as a source of energy and that yesterday since we are destroying our environment which is needed for our survival.
We as a species have to survive with alternative energy resources until we get to a point were we master nuclear fusion which can be in 50 y or 100y or 1000y, that will solve mankinds energy issue once and for all.
稀土不会消失，我们将提高这些资源的回收能力，而石油和天然气是有限的，我们必须远离化石燃料，因为我们正在破坏我们赖以生存的环境。
作为一个物种，我们必须依靠可替代能源生存，直到我们彻底掌握了核聚变，这可能在50年、100年或1000年之后，才可以彻底解决人类的能源问题。
Where is it that China is always one step ahead? The others are "if we do" or "if only we had done" or "even if".
中国好像在哪里都总是领先一步？而其他国家一直是“如果我们马上做”、“如果我们已经做了”或“哪怕”。
What if we - and i know this sounds silly - recycled
我知道也许这听起来很傻，但如果我们再把它循环利用一次呢？
It's not a population problem either, this has been busted time and time again. Its an issue of governance and distribution of resources and planning of cities and countries. .
能源不是人口问题，这个问题已经被一次又一次地解决了。本质上这是一个关于城市和国家的治理、资源配置和规划的问题。