世界稀土危机？为什么我们需要它们？谁又拥有它们？（一）
Rare earths crunch? Why we need them and who has them | Business Beyond
译文简介
大多数稀土元素大家可能都没听说过，但被称为稀土的17种金属元素对现代生活至关重要。它们存在于我们的智能手机、电脑、电视和其他几乎所有电子设备中。
正文翻译
You may not have heard of most rare earths, but the 17 metallic elements known as rare earths are essential to modern life. They’re in our smartphones, computers, TVs and just about every other electronic device. They also play a major part in plans to create a carbon-free future. However, extracting them can be highly environmentally destructive and there’s concern over China’s dominance of the market. In the latest edition of Business Beyond we look at the race to secure enough rare earths to power the present and create a greener future.
大多数稀土元素大家可能都没听说过，但被称为稀土的17种金属元素对现代生活至关重要。它们存在于我们的智能手机、电脑、电视和其他几乎所有电子设备中。它们在创造无碳未来的计划中也发挥着重要作用。
然而，提取稀土又可能会对环境造成极大的破坏，人们也担心中国在稀土市场上的主导地位。最新一期的《超越商业》，正在探讨如何满足现在的需求，创造更绿色的未来，和争夺足够稀土资源的竞赛。
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我曾在日本政府工作过，所以我更有发言权，我认为很少有比中国的吸附型稀土矿更好的稀土矿。这种稀土矿浓度高，易被吸附，所以很容易用酸萃取。而巴西的铌矿床中含有的稀土也是一个很有前景的产品。但巴西稀土矿的缺点是需要分离La和Ce才能分离出目标Nd、Dy、Sm等。我认为我们未来更需要关注对稀土（这里应该指稀有金属）的回收利用。
How do you make money recycling? If it could be a profit, there would be more. We are simply talking about the things that will cause our extinction. No one recycles, not even YOU.
回收利用的资金怎么来？如果可以盈利，才会有更多回收利用。但我们现在只是在网上夸夸其谈那些会导致人类灭绝的事情。但现实里依然没有人会去回收利用，哪怕是提出建议的你。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
According to my understanding, the so call rare Earth actually isn't all that rare, they are very abundant around the world, however, to mime them required not only special technology, as well as the mine will produce large environmental destruction or terrible pollution, many countries dose not want the mining process to carry out in their own country, like the US for example, they are sitting on a very large deposits of rare Earth, but can the US afford to sacrifice their environment for the mining process?
Then the next step is the refinery process, the process also extremely polluting, many countries also dose not want the refinery process within their own country, only China willing to do it , and they did it for so many years, they have the most experience in this area, and holds the most technology patent for all sorts of rare mineral refinery, Japan also has some, but not as much as China. Any other country wish to develop the refinery process, it will require 10 - 15 years infrastructures and technology development, Donald Trump was planning to develop it, but the time and money investment was the biggest obstacle, it never happen.
根据我的理解，所谓的稀土其实并不真的那么稀有，它们在世界各地的储量都很丰富，然而，要开采它们不仅需要特殊的技术，而且矿场也会对环境造成巨大的破坏或严重的污染，许多国家因此不希望在自己的国家进行开采，比如美国，他们坐拥着一个储量非常大的稀土矿藏，但美国能承担为开采过程牺牲环境的代价吗？（译注：这里有误导，老环保道德优越了，美国也是稀土原矿出口国之一）
接下来是精炼厂流程，这个流程污染也非常严重，很多国家也不希望在自己的国家内进行精炼厂流程，只有中国愿意这样做，而且他们这么多年来一直在做，他们在这个领域的经验最多，拥有最多的各种稀有矿物精炼厂技术专利，日本也有一些，但不如中国多。任何其他国家想要发展精炼工业，都将需要10 - 15年时间来建造基础设施和发展技术，唐纳德·特朗普曾计划发展稀土精炼技术，但时间和资金投资是最大的障碍，所以并没有发生。
@GEO sustainable
- “How do you make money recycling?”
For example by developing better and cheaper recycling technologies. It's of course happening already, but it needs support in the early development and early growth phase. Technology isn't the only challenge for recycling. Another big one is the needed infrastructure and public commitment. One way to give economical support it is to put a price on environmentally damaging mining practices. That can happen for example by supporting companies which use metals that are produced in a more environmentally friendly way (as suggested on the video).
- "No one recycles, not even YOU"
Are you serious? I recycle practically every day, and all the people I know do. What country do you live in (if I may ask)? Doesn’t anybody recycle there?
“回收利用的资金怎么来？”
例如，通过开发更好、更便宜的回收技术，但它需要我们先在早期发展和成长阶段中提供大力支持。而且技术也并不是回收利用的唯一挑战。另一个大问题是回收利用所需的基础设施和公众态度。有一种给予经济支持的方法，可以对破坏环境的采矿活动罚款或特殊定价。例如，可以通过支持使用更环保的金属生产方式的公司(如视频中所说)来实现这一点。
“没有人会去主动回收，你也不会”
你是认真的吗？我几乎每天都在回收利用，我认识的所有人也都是这样做的。你住在哪个国家(如果我可以问的话)？没有人在你们那里回收垃圾吗？（译注：经典的你说你的，我说我的，前者明显指的是对废旧稀土金属的回收，不是这里的普通垃圾回收）
GEO :
I totally agree with you! I am 62 years old and have watched the lies about recycling in my country from a young age. I live in western Canada.
There is so much to talk about on this subject….
Cheers everyone
GEO ，我完全同意你的观点！我今年62岁，从很小的时候起就看到了我们国家关于回收利用的谎言。我住在加拿大西部。
关于这个话题还有更多可以谈论的……
大家鼓掌
Do you think Japan's dependence on other countries for rare earths is the reason why Japanese companies are pushing hard for hydrogen fuel cell technologies in industries where battery technologies are much more popular outside of Japan (EVs, etc)?
你认为日本在稀土问题上对其他国家的依赖，是日本公司在电动汽车等行业大力发展氢燃料电池技术的原因吗？
@Steven DeFehr
I have seen videos on the recycling scam where huge bales of plastics are sent to islands and create a huge plastic super dump site ruining pristine ecologies.
我也看过关于回收骗局的视频，大量的塑料垃圾被扔到岛上，形成了一个巨大的塑料超级垃圾场，破坏了岛上的原始生态。
河田陽介
谢谢你的评论。我工作的那家公司正试图从报废的汽车中回收含有稀土的零件，并重新分解它们。但因为这些零件是热成型的，所以由于和我部门的不同，我不知道最终是否成功。也许他们会很困难。虽然中国的稀土很便宜，但对工作环境和周围环境的负担也很大。日本国立先进产业科学技术研究所正在研究铌、镍等稀有金属的回收技术。我想我们也正在考虑稀土零件的再生产。
Its a destructive process for a limited resource, eventually they’ll have to find alternatives or recycle. You only have one planet.
对有限的资源来说，开采稀土是一个破坏性的过程，最终他们将不得不寻找替代品或回收。因为我们只有一个星球。
Now it makes sense why NATO and EU want to absorb Ukraine so badly and balkanize + lebensraum Russia most likely to partition into the EU. Which goup of industrialized countries in this hemisphere lacks significant rare earth reserves, fossil fuel reserves, and fertile farmand and desperately needs to secure these resources to maintain future sovereignty and geopolitical influence? Which neighboring large landmass does have these resources especially in their Eastern territories? and which even bigger landmass does this big landmass border whihc is also full of resources and is one of the most resource rich gigantic landasses on Earrth? Now it makes sense why the CIA started the Ukraine "Europeanization" and "NATOization" coup and movement and why EU supports it so much.
We live in a sick world
现在说得通了，为什么北约和欧盟这么想要吸收乌克兰，并将俄罗斯的“balkanize + lebensraum ”也纳入欧盟。北约和欧洲所在的这个半球上，哪个工业化国家集团缺乏重要的稀土储量、化石燃料储量和肥沃的农田，并且迫切需要这些资源以维持自身未来的主权和地缘政治影响力？又是哪个相邻的大陆地有这些资源，特别是在它们的东部领土？这片土地又与哪个更大的陆地接壤，而那个陆地同样充满资源，是地球上资源最丰富的巨大陆地之一？现在可以理解为什么中情局开始乌克兰的“欧洲化”和“北约化”政变和颜色运动，为什么欧盟又会如此支持它了。
我们生活在一个病态的世界
@Marshmallow Man what are you talking about, willis?
你到底在说什么？
Yes resources is also a reason why Japan invade them in first place but china never ever uses them at max efficient
是的，资源也曾是日本开启入侵的原因之一，而中国也从来没有充分利用资源
@Tama Kaze Japan invaded China several times over 100 years ago and has since apologized
日本在100多年前多次入侵中国，但现在它们已经道歉了
Don't forget somalia has massive and largest rare earth elements
别忘了索马里也有储量巨大的稀土矿
@JADE TYCOON jadeite where earth metals elements are not rare that's the confusing point. They are around the world. Mining is costly and refining is costly and creates a lot of pollution. Nobody lives in Canada and nobody lives in Australia so they have plenty of land for mining oil or rare Earth and much of China is unpopulated. Most of Russia is un populated
地球上的金属元素并不稀有，这才是真正令人困惑的地方。虽然它们遍布世界各地，但采矿成本高，精炼成本高，还会造成大量污染。加拿大没人住，澳大利亚也没人住，所以他们有足够的土地开采石油或稀土，但中国大部分地区有人居住，而俄罗斯大部分地区人口稀少
@Donkey Desi American Professor yeah it can be propobly right but Africa got all that rich minerals rare earth elements but people are dying with hunger and poverty while they having on such minerals they should rather choose pollution and live life well instead of being begger when the right time comes
好吧，你可能是对的，因为非洲拥有所有丰富的矿产稀土元素，但人们却在饥饿和贫穷中死去。
他们既然拥有这些矿产，他们就应该选择先污染，先好好生活，而不是一直当乞丐
@JADE TYCOON jadeite this is a big problem of india, the rubbish mountains of Delhi are burning sending toxic fumes into the air 2 million Indians die per year from air pollution. 2 million people is a lot of people but not a lot of people for India
污染是印度的一个大问题，德里的垃圾山正在燃烧，把有毒气体排放到空气中，每年有200万印度人死于空气污染。200万人看起来很多，但对印度来说却也并不是很多
@Tama Kaze North Korea has huge mineral resources, too - perhaps explains why Japan almost never makes serious attempts to make peace with NK. Also, Japan would have to negotiate reparations for war and colonization so they hope to see NK regime collapse.
朝鲜也有巨大的矿产资源——也许这解释了为什么日本历史上，几乎从没有认真的考虑过要与朝鲜和平相处。（译注：直接抢更简单）
此外，日本还因为必须为战争和殖民进行协商赔偿，所以他们希望看到朝鲜政权崩溃。
@Donkey Desi American Professor Oh Come on, we all know what this Ukraine debacle is about.
哦，拜托，别扯你这些话，我们都知道乌克兰危机是怎么回事。
There are common element combinations that could produced and replace rare earth metals in electronics. I will also add that the more China closes itself off from the world, or uses things like rare earth metals as a geopolitical grip, more countries are accelerating their move to diversify.
有一些常见的稀有金属元素，可以在电子产品中使用并取代稀土金属。另外，我还要补充一句，中国越是将自己与世界隔绝，或者将稀土金属作为地缘政治控制手段，就会有越多的国家加速走向多样化。
Rare earth metals are not even rare
稀土其实一点也不稀有
As far as trade is concerned, china is doing the opposite of closing itself off. Net global trade with china has never been larger
就贸易而言，中国正在做与你说的封闭完全相反的事情。全球与中国的净贸易规模从未如此之大
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
'They're not actually rare.'
Lanthanum and cerium are the only ones that are abudant but the more important ones like gadolinium and neodymium are rare AF
“它们其实并不罕见。”
镧和铈是你说的金属中唯一储粮丰富的，但更重要的钆和钕却是极其罕见的
Who are not even rare somalia got it all
谁都不稀罕中国的稀土，索马里拥有一切（大量稀土矿）
I just want to tell people that the term rare earth is extremely misleading. Every chemistry major knows that.
The term rare refers to the once hard time to extract them. They do not occur in nature in pure form like some metals, they occur as compounds, often together with other materials.
These elements are not rare at all!!!!! Just were once hard to obtain and purify.
Also there are alot of rare earths that are in europe. We actually mine some here in europe. So the title screen map was misleading too.
我只是想告诉大家，稀土这个词其实非常容易误导人。每个化学专业的人都知道为什么。
“稀有”一词指的是曾经有一段时间很难提取它们。它们在自然界中不像某些金属那样以直接形式存在，而是以化合物的形式存在，通常与其他材料一起存在。
但这些元素并不罕见！！！！只是曾经难以提纯和萃取。
实际上欧洲也有很多稀土资源。所以标题屏幕上的稀土分布地图也具有误导性。
I think the title is not misleading as that's what the substance is popularly known as. Also, the documentary mentions the point you just said, that even though it's called rare eaths, it is actually not rare.
我认为标题没有任何误导，因为稀土就是这种物质的名称。另外，纪录片中也提到了你刚才说的一点，虽然它被称为稀有，但它实际上并不罕见。
And make lots of poisonous by product too. That is why developed countries don’t do it and find developing countries to do it.
Just like non-recycle plastic, developed countries recycle higher recyclable like aluminum, ship off the tons of non-recyclable plastic with little recyclable plastic to pay the developing countries to deal with (get poisoned).
稀土开发也会产生很多有毒的副产品。这就是为什么发达国家都不会这样做，而发展中国家却这样做的原因。
就像不可回收的塑料一样，发达国家回收更高的可回收材料，比如铝，把成吨的不可回收塑料和少量可回收塑料运到发展中国家处理。
@GN28
Do not get me wrong, I still call em that, but the title is rare earth crunch.
不要误解我，我也叫稀土，但标题是“稀土紧缩”
Perhaps watch the video before commenting.
也许有人在评论之前需要先详细看一下视频。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Something that other people may or may not know - chromatography (not using toxic solvents) can be used to extract rare earths. This has been proven on a small scale by researchers at Purdue, and a few companies have licensed this technology for production.
一些其他人可能知道也可能不知道的东西——色谱法(不使用有毒溶剂)也可以用来提取稀土。Purdue的研究人员已经小规模地证明了这个技术，一些公司也已经批准将这项技术用于稀土生产。
Diamonds aren't rare but the DeBeers marketing campaign and cartel have made people think they are.
钻石也并不稀有，但戴比尔斯的营销活动和卡特尔让人们认为它们是稀有的。
We are completely dependent on what earth has to offer, I can’t imagine the world if we run out of precious metals and minerals
我们一直在依赖地球提供的资源，我无法想象如果我们用光了地球上的珍贵金属和矿物会是什么样子
What i will never get (behind) is how we often seem to grab what we can lay our hands on, but then don't give a second thought onto what we leave behind.
No matter if you are a company gathering ressources or a company making products from those ressources. You have to responsibly take care of your waste.
If you don't you shall be shut down and sold for your parts.
我永远无法明白，我们似乎总是只去抓住我们能抓住的东西，但却不会再去想之后我们会留下什么。
无论你是一个收集资源的公司，还是一个利用这些资源制造产品的公司。你都必须负责任地处理好你的排泄污染物。
如果你不这样做，你将会被关闭并被卖掉。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Pollution, waste and environment destruction are externalities in this amazing economic system we call capitalism...
污染、浪费和环境破坏，是我们称之为资本主义的神奇经济体系的外在表现……
@Vilas69
It isnt just capitalism. China right now is the worst at environmental destruction and pollution and they are not capitalistic. It is a symptom of corporate greed...profits at any cost.
这不只是资本主义。中国，现在是环境oo最严重的国家，他们不是资本主义国家。这是企业贪婪的表现，不惜一切代价获取利润。
@Elone Ver.2.0 can't take you seriously if you say something like "China is not capitalist"...
如果你继续说“中国不是资本主义”之类的话，我就不再回复你了……
@Vilas69
The CN owns everything in China. How is that capitalist.
中国人掌管中国的一切。怎么可能是资本主义？
@Elone Ver.2.0 10% people in the world owns 90% of it. That is the very cornerstone of capitalism. I am not saying it is a bad thing but it is what it is.
世界上10%的人拥有90%的财富。这才是资本主义的本质。我不是说这是一件坏事，但事实就是如此。
@Nvmt t
I agree. We all have our overlord(s) whether they are a dictator like N Korea, China or Russia; or a corporatocracy like the U.S.. One gives the illusion of not being there and the other is very blatant about its presence.
我同意。我们都有自己的君主，不管他们是朝鲜……还是俄罗斯那样的独裁者；或者像美国那样的集团政治。只是一种给人一种它不存在的错觉，而另一种则非常明显地显示了它的存在。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I've been collecting strategic metals for a while now. My favorite is my near 1kg Re stockpile at this point. Re is so undervalued right now. 5x rarer than platinum, but 1/30th the price?!
我收集战略金属有一段时间了。我最喜欢的是我那近1公斤的Re库存。Re现在的价值被低估了。它比铂金稀有5倍，但价格却只有铂金的1/30 ？
"China is importing more rare earth stock than they export." This strategy is both economic and militarily based. The reason they are doing this is because they know the rest of the countries will have difficulty keeping up with demand, they will be able to hold the world hostage.
“中国进口的稀土存量比出口的要多。”这个战略是以经济和军事为基础的。他们这样做的原因，是他们知道其他国家无法满足自己的需求，他们将能够借此劫持世界。
A very well done video to help open peoples eyes !
I live in western Canada. We have a very good speaker on this subject. His name is Michael Campbell . He does a podcast style talk every Saturday. His show is called Michael Campbell's Money Talks . He explains how governments around the world have no honest plan on how we can ever get to renewable energy.
Lotsa fun … lots to talk about… always looking for ways to profit from this as well
这是一个非常棒的视频，可以帮助人们睁开眼睛！
我住在加拿大西部。关于这个问题，我们有一位很好的演讲者。他叫迈克尔·坎贝尔。他每周六都会做一场播客风格的演讲。他的节目叫做迈克尔·坎贝尔的金钱谈话。他解释说，世界各国政府对于如何获得可再生能源，其实都没有任何真诚的计划。
真的非常有趣，有很多话题可以深聊，他也一直在寻找从中获利的方法
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Recycling will account for more and more RE feedstock as we start to drown in end-of-life EV motors/magnets and wind turbines, etc. Further, we will see alternative extraction methods, presently basic research, arrive. However, none of this will arrive in time to negate the need now for traditional mining and processing of critical metals, if we are to diversify supply chains, move towards claimed Climate Change goals and allow for global competition within the new energy economy, which is arriving now.
未来回收会在稀土原料中占越来越多的比例，因为我们现在已经开始淹没在报废的电动汽车、磁铁和风力涡轮机等垃圾中。此外，我们未来也会看到替代的提取方法，目前的基础研究已经在进行。但是，如果我们真的要使供应链多样化，朝着我们声称的气候变化目标前进，就需要允许新能源经济在全球竞争，从而消除目前对关键金属的传统开采和加工的需求，否则这些目标都不会准时到来。
One of the human races inherent qualities is our ability to make solving problems more difficult than it ought to be because of our laziness and greed.
Willful ignorance also comes into play.
人类的一种内在品质是，我们虽然有能力解决问题，但是我们的懒惰和贪婪会让问题变得更难。
其中故意的无知也起了巨大作用。
"Fast" and "efficient" tax systems on international mining companies.
Good joke.
对国际矿业公司实行“快速”和“有效”的税收制度。
真是个很好的笑话。
It's not that China was the only source. It was that they were subsidizing labor, and our politicians were more than willing to look the other way whilst their stocks grew in value.
中国并不是唯一的来源。只是因为他们在补贴劳动力，而我们的政客们更愿意在他们的股票增值时睁一只眼闭一只眼。
the environment
是环境问题
@James Nguyen WOW.. Inciteful reply... That grade two education is really paying off.
哇……满是恶意的回答……你们那二年级的教育真的很有价值。
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"Subsidizing labour" that's a nice way to phrase slave labour
"补贴劳工"用这个词来形容奴隶劳工很好