QA问答：中国航天员的背后有哪些有趣的事实和细节？
What are some interesting facts and details behind China launching the first crew to their new space station?
译文简介
网友：6月17日，神舟12号飞船成功对接在轨的天和核心舱，中国航天员聂海胜、刘伯明和汤洪波为祖国创造了历史，成为第一批进入中国空间站的航天员。他们是十几名精心挑选的航天员中的一员，他们将在两年内完成四次载人飞行任务，探索太空中的新天地......
正文翻译
What are some interesting facts and details behind China launching the first crew to their new space station?
中国航天员的背后有哪些有趣的事实和细节？
中国航天员的背后有哪些有趣的事实和细节？
评论翻译
很赞 ( 3 )
收藏
, English Editor (2009-present)
From left: Tang Hongbo, Nie Haisheng and Liu Boming wave at a departure ceremony before launch of the Shenzhou-12 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, June 17, 2021.
On June 17, when the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft successfully docked with the orbiting Tianhe core module, Chinese taikonauts Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, and Tang Hongbo created history for China, their home country, becoming the first crew to enter the Chinese space station. They are part of a dozen of handpicked taikonauts who are set to explore new horizons in space in four human-crewed flight missions within two years. The Shenzhou-12 accomplished the first of these missions with these three space travelers after the flight crews for Shenzhou-12, Shenzhou-13, Shenzhou-14 and Shenzhou-15 were chosen in December 2019.
左起：2021 年 6 月 17 日，在酒泉卫星发射中心，汤洪波 、聂海生和刘伯明在神舟十二号发射前的启程仪式上挥手致意。
6月17日，神舟12号飞船成功对接在轨的天和核心舱，中国航天员聂海胜、刘伯明和汤洪波为祖国创造了历史，成为第一批进入中国空间站的航天员。他们是十几名精心挑选的航天员中的一员，他们将在两年内完成四次载人飞行任务，探索太空中的新天地。2019年12月，神舟12号、神舟13号、神舟14号和神舟15号的机组人员被选中后，神舟12号与这三名航天员一起完成了第一次任务。
For the Shenzhou-12 mission, Nie, 57, has been picked as the captain for his two-time space flight experience. He is the eldest of the team. He dyed his hair black before departure.
Liu, 55, has been chosen for his previous experience in the extravehicular activity; while Tang, 46, a first timer in space, was earlier the backup taikonaut for the Shenzhou-11 mission. He is an alternative for 11 years. The primary sextion criteria have been based on several aspects like experience, age, individual characters, physical performance, and mental health. The sextion process has also emphasized synergy and compatibility among the three different members. Interestingly, according to Huang Weifen, the deputy chief designer of the astronaut system of China's manned space program, there were about 43 aspects, including age, height, education, and professional background, which were uated for each of the taikonauts.
等待10年被选为飞入太空的候选人
在神舟十二号任务中，57岁的聂海胜因两次太空飞行经验被选为队长，他是队里年龄最大的，出发前他把头发染成了黑色。
现年55岁的刘伯明因之前在舱外活动中的经历而被选中；而46岁的汤洪波则是首次进入太空，早些时候他是神舟11号任务的后备航天员，他做了11年的后备。航天员的主要的选择标准基于几个方面，如经验、年龄、性格、身体表现和心理健康等，遴选过程还强调了三个不同成员之间的协同作用和相处。有趣的是，根据中国载人航天计划航天员系统副总设计师黄伟芬的说法，他们会对每位航天员进行了大约43个方面的评估，包括年龄、身高、教育程度和专业背景等。
The chosen three had to also undergo 17 physical checks to test endurance and adaptation to the space environment. Interestingly, there were over 120 clauses just for the clinical medical requirement for sextion, while each of those clauses had multiple medical requirements a candidate must meet.
A team of China’s manned space program also developed over a hundred types of training in eight categories in various fields, such as medicine, physics, psychology, science, and engineering.
The Shenzhou-12 taikonauts also trained underwater for 4 hours, putting on spacesuits of over 200 kilograms to acclimatize themselves to the microgravity environment for extravehicular activities for the mission.
Moreover, the taikonauts had a special hypergravity or high-G training with a grueling benchmark criterion of 8G, which means they could bear eight times the gravity force of their own body weight. The taikonauts go through it once every half a year.
接受终极训练
被选中的三人还必须接受17次身体检查，以测试耐力和对太空环境的适应能力。有趣的是，有120多个条款仅针对临床医学要求进行选择，而这些条款中的每一条都有候选人必须满足的多项医学要求。
中国载人航天计划的一个团队还在医学、物理、心理学、科学和工程等各个领域开发了八个类别的100多种训练类型。
神舟12号的航天员还进行了4小时的水下训练，穿上了200多公斤的宇航服，以适应进行舱外活动任务的微重力环境。
此外，航天员还进行了标准为8G的特殊的超重力或高重力训练，这意味着他们可以承受自身体重八倍的重力。航天员每半年需要通过一次这样的训练。
China’s first group astronaut team includes 14 members. They are taking the oath.
In March 2014, five of the first group Chinese astronauts, who had never been chosen as the candidates to fly into the space, retired the team. From that day they will end space training and their space dream would never come true.
幕后英雄
中国第一批航天员团队包括14名成员，他们正在宣誓。
2014年3月，第一批中国航天员中的五名退役，他们从未被选为进入太空的候选人。从那天起，他们将结束太空训练，他们的太空梦想将永远不会实现。
The first and foremost obxtive for the three Chinese men in space was to ensure the 22.5-tonne Tianhe module into service as they are scheduled to spend three months aboard the module with a maximum diameter of 4.2 meters, some 380km above the Earth. The core module, with a total length of 16.6 meters, around the height of a five-story building, has provided the three Chinese astronauts with six zones for work, sleep, sanitation, dining, healthcare, and exercise. In addition, each of the three has a private designated sleeping area and toilet, apart from enjoying the facilities of treadmills, spin bikes, and resistance expanders to keep themselves physically fit.
A foldable kitchen with two cabinets, a microwave, refrigerator, and water dispenser are at the disposal of the three taikonauts after being sent to Tianhe by an unmanned Tianzhou-2 last month. The same spacecraft, a cargo freighter, also delivered the space food for the trio as they can savor many classic Chinese cuisines in space. The specially designed, high-quality menu for the astronauts, ranging from staple foods to non-staples, from meat to vegetables, has many lip-smacking and mouth-watering delicacies. In addition, famous stir-fried Chinese dishes like shredded pork with garlic sauce and Kung Pao chicken are on the menu, comprising over 120 kinds of space food with balanced nutrition, rich variety, and good taste. Nonetheless, the history-making taikonauts have been provided with the best facilities to accomplish their mission.
Chinese taikonauts are always ready for the mission calls.
使命召唤
三名中国航天员在太空中的首要目标是确保22.5吨重的天和核心舱投入使用，因为他们计划在最大直径为4.2米、离地球约380公里的天和核心舱上度过三个月时间。该核心舱全长16.6米，约五层楼高，可以为三名中国航天员提供了六个工作区、睡眠区、卫生区、餐饮区、保健区和锻炼区。除此之外，这三个人都有一个私人睡觉区和厕所，他们还可以享受跑步机、动感单车和阻力扩张器等设施，以保持身体健康。
上个月由无人天舟二号运送到天和核心舱后，三名航天员可以使用带有两个橱柜、微波炉、冰箱和饮水机的可折叠厨房。同一艘货船也为三人送去了太空食物，因为他们可以在太空品尝许多经典的中国美食。为航天员精心设计的高质量菜单拥有从主食到非主食，从肉类到蔬菜的许多令人垂涎三尺的美味佳肴。此外，菜单上还有蒜蓉肉丝、宫保鸡丁等中国名菜，包括120多种营养均衡、品种丰富、味道鲜美的太空食品，为创造历史的航天员们提供了完成任务的最佳设施。
中国航天员时刻准备着迎接使命的召唤。
Hua Li
, TaiWan
Nie Haisheng, commander of the Shenzhou 12 manned mission, entered space twice in 2005 and 2013, and this is the third time.
But when he was a child, his family was very poor. His parents are ordinary farmers, and he also has many brothers and sisters. When Nie Haisheng was a child, he needed to go herding cattle every day and was involved in agricultural production very early. When he was in school, he often couldn't afford the tuition. Once, he had no money to pay the tuition, so he could only use rabbits and chickens to pay the tuition.
But relying on his own efforts and the help of the Chinese government, he was admitted to university, joined the People's Liberation Army, and became a general who entered space for the third time.
神舟十二号载人航天飞行任务指挥官聂海胜曾在2005年和2013年两次进入太空，这是他的第三次。
当他还是个孩子的时候，他的家庭非常贫穷。他的父母是普通的农民，他也有许多兄弟姐妹。聂海胜小时候每天都要去放牛，他很早就开始从事农业生产。当他在学校时，他经常付不起学费。有一次，他没有钱支付学费，所以他只能用兔子和鸡来支付学费。
但依靠自己的努力和中国政府的帮助，他考上了大学，加入了解放军，成了一位第三次进入太空的将军。
In China, even a poor boy who is herding cattle has the opportunity to become a general and enter space. Moreover, many Chinese astronauts are the same as Nie Haisheng, from poor families, but they have the opportunity to become astronauts and elites among mankind through hard work.
Let everyone have equal opportunities for development. This is the true equality.
You Tube上有人说，由于美国禁止中国参与国际空间站，中国人在经过十年的奋斗之后建立了自己的空间站，这是21世纪最鼓舞人心的故事。嗯，我想，像聂海胜一样，从一个贫穷的农村孩子到一个三次进入太空的航天员，这是世界航天史上最鼓舞人心的事情。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
在中国，即使是一个放牛的穷孩子也有机会成为将军并进入太空。此外，许多中国航天员与聂海胜一样出身贫困家庭，但他们有机会通过努力成为航天员和人类的精英。
让每个人都有平等的发展机会，这才是真正的平等。
================
Grant Johnston, Lifelong interest in space, space history, & astronomy，Lives in Oklahoma City, OK
Not sure what we’re supposed to uate - so I’ll just share my opinion as far as humanity’s Manned Spaceflight goes.
I think it’s fucking great. People who frequent my posts on here knows a continuing theme through my unfiltered, unabashed opinions about the current state of things when it comes to MSF is I lament the death of the initial Space Race (between the US & USSR) more than most. It seems to me that when the US made it to the moon, then Nixon stuck us with LEO for 40 years, coupling that with lobbyists representing the Aerospace Industry here in America creating the sick, nasty culture of not innovating in space travel, because…. Hey! they had the biggest/best con around going. $2 billion dollar per-flight price tag is a pretty damned good deal for them when you think about it.
我不知道我们应该评价什么-所以我只想分享我对人类载人航天的看法。
我觉得这他妈的太棒了。经常在这里看我帖子的人都知道我有一个持续的主题，我对当前的载人航天飞行有未经过滤、毫不掩饰的看法，即我比大多数人更为最初的太空竞赛（美苏之间）的死亡感到惋惜。在我看来，当美国登上月球后，尼克松就把我们困在近地轨道困了40年，再加上代表美国航空航天业的说客们制造了一种在太空旅行中不创新的恶劣文化，因为…他们有最大的/最好的骗局。想想看，每架航天飞机20亿美元的价格对他们来说是一笔非常好的交易。
It seems to me that the US really only gives a shit about advancing space travel when there’s someone nipping at their heels or just flat-out embarrasses them like the Soviets did in 1957. I’m glad that SpaceX is here to have advanced US spaceflight, even though they’ve kinda done so incidentally anymore as they’re leaving the US government in the dust in an area that previously was pretty much strictly a “government” domain.
Either way, I’m of the opinion that it can only do good, as getting past this languishing we’ve been doing for the last 40 years humanity (as a whole) has been doing with Manned Space Flight needs to keep innovating or we’re never going to get scooting along at what it could be advancing at.
SpaceX通过早期的科幻概念带回了创新，并为我们提供了第一个（主要是）可重复使用的火箭。
在我看来，只有当有人紧跟在他们身后或是像苏联在1957年那样让他们难堪的时候，美国才会推进太空旅行。
不管怎样，我认为它（中国将3名航天员送入空间站）只会带来好处，因为要克服过去40年来人类（作为一个整体）在载人航天方面的长期停滞，我们需要不断创新，否则我们就永远无法继续前进。
Nicolas Nelson, passionate advocate for human space development since my first ISDC in the '80s
“Evaluate”? You have already done so in your question when you pointed out that the Shenzhou capsule “successfully” docked with Tiangong.
Generally speaking, I agree with Grant Johnston — the more spacefaring nations, the better. The Chinese government is open to hosting international guests (probably researcher-astronauts) on Tiangong; just because they don’t have an international coalition and are running it themselves doesn’t mean they have a closed-airlock policy.
“评价”？当你指出神舟飞船“成功”与天宫对接时，你已经回答了你的问题。
总的来说，我同意Grant Johnston（译注：上一位答主）的观点——参与太空探索的国家越多越好。中国政府对在天宫上进行国际合作（可能是研究人员-航天员）持开放态度。仅仅因为他们没有一个成立一个国际联盟而是自己在运作空间站，并不意味着他们有一个封闭的合作政策。
If that’s too much trouble or beyond your reach, for goodness sake don’t be so stupid as to badmouth the people who do have a space station that you might rent for your astro research (or prestige mission, or both). For now, that’s the ISS consortium and the CNSA.
可以理解的是，这种合作将需要符合中国的条件，因为这是他们的空间站！如果你想不受限制地进入太空，你可以开发自己的可重复使用的发射系统（或者与SpaceX、RocketLab、Relativity space、Northrop Grumman等建立良好的工作关系），并发射自己的空间站。
如果你觉得太多的麻烦或超出你的能力范围，看在上帝的份上，不要愚蠢到去说那些有一个空间站的人的坏话，这样的话你可能可以租一个空间站用于你的天文研究（或一些提高声望的任务，或两者兼而有之）。目前，存在的选项只有国际空间站和中国国家航天局。
Fred Chuatiuco, former Healthcare CFO，Lived in San Francisco1981–1988
Interesting facts and details?
How about the fucking age of their 3 astronauts!!
The senior astronaut Nie Haisheng is 56 years old.
His crewmate Liu Boming is 54 years old.
The rookie and baby of the bunch is Tang Hongbo at 45 years old.
There’s got to be a message here. The three men are supposed to be spending three long months aboard on a module some 380km (236 miles) above the Earth in extreme conditions and doing very arduous tasks prepping for new modules to connect to the one they’re staying. These require extraordinary stamina.
I had always thought going to space is a young man’s job and they retire you before 45.
有趣的事实和细节？
那三个航天员的年龄怎么样！！ 资深航天员聂海胜今年56岁。
他的队友刘伯明今年54岁。
这群新人中的新秀和宝贝是45岁的汤洪波。 这一定传递了很多信息，因为这三个人将在离地球约380公里（236英里）的极端条件下的一个太空站上生活三个月的时间并从事非常艰苦的工作，为新的太空舱和他们待的空间站的连接做准备。这些都需要非凡的耐力。
我一直认为去太空是年轻人的事情，他们会在45岁之前让你退休。
This is new insight! So people who take care of themselves and stay super fit can possibly have a second career after retiring and become an astronaut!! (The general public should not get their hope too high though because education and experience in aerospace engineering required.)
I should have known this 20 years ago . . . . .
没错，约翰·格伦（John Glenn）曾在77岁时重返太空，但我不得不反复检查，看看美国宇航局的航天员年龄指南。这里并不存在年龄限制，但过去他们挑选的航天员候选人的年龄在26岁至46岁之间，平均年龄为34岁。
这是新的发现！所以，那些照顾好自己，保持超级健康的人，退休后可能会有第二份职业，成为一名航天员（不过，公众不应抱太高的希望，因为航空航天工程需要教育和经验）。
我20年前就应该知道这些.......
I believe a few of the Shuttle Commanders were in their 50s also.
If you stay in shape by working out and eating right, you can be in better shape than someone in their 40s who doesn’t. Heck, you can even be in better than shape some people in their 30s.
我相信一些航天机构的指挥官也在50多岁。
如果你通过锻炼和正确的饮食，你可以比40多岁的人保持更好的身材。见鬼，你的身材甚至可能比30多岁的人还要好。
In China, astronauts are chosen from pilots served for PLAAF, their experience about the fighter can help them to solve some problems in the trainning and solve the cost for a new astronaut. The first astronaut Yang Liwei has become a major-general.
在中国，航天员是从在PLA空军服役的飞行员中选拔出来的，他们对战斗机的经验可以帮助他们解决训练中的一些问题，也能解决新航天员的培训费用问题。首任航天员杨利伟现在已经是少将。
That was my next observation - how having experience as a jet pilot was such a major factor in being an astronaut. Do you know if knowing how to fly a jet helps in navigating a space module?
那是我的下一个观察——作为一名喷气式飞机飞行员的经验是如何成为选拔航天员的一个重要因素的。你知道驾驶喷气式飞机的经验是否有助于成为航天员吗？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Not in the sense that you have experience with space. But it does help because as a pilot, you have to know and understand aerospace engineering.
You have the background knowledge to understand and deal with problems that the spacecraft can encounter.
And most important of all, you don’t panic when there is a problem. If you do, you would never make it through flight school.
不是说你一定要有太空经验，但它确实有帮助。因为作为一名飞行员，你首先必须了解和理解航空航天工程学。
这样你就有了解和处理航天器可能遇到的问题的背景知识。
最重要的是，当出现问题时，你不会惊慌失措，因为如果这样的话你永远不会从飞行学校毕业。
I don’t know that, sorry. From the open imformation, a jet pilot can adapt the outer space easier.
我不清楚，对不起。但从公开的信息来看，喷气式飞机驾驶员可以更容易适应太空。
My same thought! Those two with 50+ year old bodies are already so acclimated for their many years as pilot that they may be even more suited than 30 year olds to work for extended period - like 3 month - in high altitude.
我也这么想！这两个50岁以上的人已经适应了他们多年的飞行员生涯，他们甚至比30岁的人更适合在高空间地区长时间工作，比如3个月。
3 months of no gravity. Intense physical therapy when they get back to earth. With 50 year old body good luck.
Lay in bed for 3 months. See what happens.
3个月没有重力，当他们回到地球的时候需要进行激烈的物理治疗。带着50岁的身体上天，祝你好运。
也许他们需要卧床3个月，到时候让我们看看会发生什么。
They sent those old man to space coz of China demographic problem. US should not worry about China building space station. Even if they build who will they send?
他们把那些老人送上太空是因为中国存在人口问题，美国不应该担心中国建造空间站。即使他们建造了，他们能派谁上去？
I can say the same thing about the US … look at the age of jow biden, nancy polency, mitch mcconnel
我也可以对美国说同样的话……看看乔·拜登、南希·佩洛西、米奇·麦康奈尔的年龄。
nah, they were pilots flying for decades before become one astronaut. Young man don’t have the experience.
不，在成为航天员之前，他们是飞行了几十年的飞行员。年轻人没有这种经验。
Does age really matter here?
I thought that experience comes with age and so is patience.
在这里年龄真的重要吗？
我认为经验是随着年龄而来的，耐心也是如此。