创业需要多少钱（三）
How much money do you need to start a business?
译文简介
网友：这个问题没有具体的答案。根据你想创业的类型，可能需要几百美元甚至数十亿美元！
创业的主要关注点应该是想法、营销和销售政策，而不是钱。如果你有一个营销的好主意，并且有能力将其变现，那么金钱并不重要......
正文翻译
How much money do you need to start a business?
你创业需要多少钱?
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A general rule of thumb is one year of operating costs. But it also depends on if you are starting with zero revenue or not. For example if you have been selling products on the side and you are ready to scale to full time you may not need as much capital. This of course also depends on how fast you would get paid from your customers. Bill Gates always wanted to be able to operate for a year without any revenue. This gives you a fighting chance too weather a storm or new competition. A years worth of operating capital likely would have helped most companies survive the COVID pandemic.
一般的经验法则是一年的运营成本。但这也取决于你是否从零收入开始。例如，如果你一直在兼职销售产品，并且你已经准备好全职工作，那么你可能不需要那么多资金。当然，这也取决于你从客户那里得到报酬的速度。比尔·盖茨一直希望能够在没有任何收入的情况下运营一年。这也给了你在风暴或新的竞争中战斗的机会。一年的运营资本可能会帮助大多数公司度过新冠疫情。
It depends on what is the business you are involved in.
If a foreigner wants to start a small business in China, he/she need to set up a company and here is the cost:
Office rental fee: About USD 850 per year for a virtual office. With a virtual office, your company can be involved in most of the business items in China, for example, selling normal goods, giving consulting services to your clients, exporting goods into China. However, for some businesses, the virtual office is not allowed, in that case, you need to rent a real office.
Company formation fee: About USD900 as the service fee from agents like us, to help you with the company registry in China. It’s a one-off charge.
Register Captial of your company in China: None. Since China allowed all the people in the world to set up companies in China without paying the registered capital immediately, so you don’t need to worry about Register Capital.
Chinese Partners: No need. In most business fields, the Chinese government allows foreigners to set up companies without Chinese partners.
Other fees: Your company needs to get some other special permit if your company involved in the special business. For example: if your company wants to sell foods in China, then need to get a food permit, it’s about USD300 one-off; If you want import/export goods, then you need to get the import/export permit, ’s about USD700 one-off.
It’s very easy for foreigners to set up companies in China. However, it’s not easy to keep a business after that. You need to think about it carefully before your startup.
You can contact me if you need help in companies registry, accounting, HR payroll in China.
这取决于你所从事的业务。
如果一个外国人想在中国开一家小企业，他/她需要成立一家公司，费用如下：
办公室租赁费：虚拟办公室每年约850美元。有了虚拟办公室，你的公司可以参与中国的大部分商业项目，例如，销售普通商品，为客户提供咨询服务，向中国出口商品。然而，对于一些企业来说，虚拟办公室是不允许的，在这种情况下，你需要租一间真正的办公室。
公司成立费：约900美元作为我们这些代理商的服务费，以帮助你在中国注册公司。这是一次性收费。
贵公司在中国的注册资本：无。由于中国允许世界上所有的人在中国设立公司而不必立即缴纳注册资本，所以你不必担心注册资本。
中国合作伙伴：没有必要。在大多数商业领域，中国政府允许外国人在没有中国合作伙伴的情况下成立公司。
其他费用：如果你的公司涉及特殊业务，需要获得其他一些特殊许可。例如：如果你的公司想在中国销售食品，那么需要获得食品许可证，一次性大约300美元；如果你想要进出口货物，然后你需要拿到进出口许可证，一次大约700美元。
外国人在中国设立公司很容易。然而，在那之后要维持一家公司并不容易。你需要在创业之前仔细考虑一下。
如果您在中国需要公司注册，会计，人力资源工资方面的帮助，可以联系我。
well… there’s no specific answer to this question. Based on the type of business you want to start, it may require from a few hundred bucks to even billions!
The main concern of starting a business should be the idea and marketing and selling policy, not the money. If you have a good idea to market and capability to monetize it, money doesn’t matter!
For example, many people had the idea like Facebook but only Mark Zuckerberg had the capability to turn it this “BIG”.
There are lots of people who would be interested to invest in you and your idea if you can show them your worth.
这个问题没有具体的答案。根据你想创业的类型，可能需要几百美元甚至数十亿美元！
创业的主要关注点应该是想法、营销和销售政策，而不是钱。如果你有一个营销的好主意，并且有能力将其变现，那么金钱并不重要！
例如，很多人都有Facebook这样的想法，但只有马克·扎克伯格有能力把它变大。
如果你能向很多人展示你的价值，他们会对你和你的想法感兴趣。
迈克尔·斯莱文，破产后白手起家的百万富翁
You should first decide what kind of business you want to start, then do your research and if you decide that is the business for you, see how much money you need to start that business. Once you know that you go raise the money you need and you are off to the races.
Your Real Question?
I suspect your real question is what kind of business you should get into and how much will it take. With the question behind that of how much you will need to save or maybe get from close friends (or get as loan if you can)?
There is a good argument to start your business as cheaply as you can, but if you rely on the money you have, then you tremendously limited your options of the types of businesses to own. Also if you start a tiny business, it may take many years before you make any real money. And if you are lightly or underfunded, the slightest problem and you are out of business.
So what size business should you start?
First decide on how much you want to make, the kinds of retuns and margins you want. My goal for anyone is try to be able to clear a net profit of $200,000-$400,000 a year as soon as possible, strive to do this by the third ear at least. Then you are maybe 3–5 years from being a millionaire, not counting the value of your business. If you don’t do this kind of planning, you are likely to just create a job that will never give you financial freedom.
首先决定业务，然后决定需要多少钱
你应该先决定你想做什么样的生意，然后再做研究。如果你觉得这是你的生意，看看你需要多少钱来创业。一旦你知道你要去筹集的钱，你就要去参与行动了。
你真正的问题是什么？
我怀疑你真正的问题是你应该进入什么样的行业，需要多少钱。问题是，你需要存多少钱，或者从亲密的朋友那里得到多少（如果可以的话，可以通过贷款获得）
有一个很好的理由，那就是你应该以尽可能低的成本开始你的事业，但如果你依赖于你拥有的资金，那么你就极大地限制了你拥有的企业类型的选择范围。此外，如果你开了一家小公司，你可能需要很多年才能真正赚到钱。如果你的资金不足，只要出一点小问题，你就得关门大吉。
那么，你应该开多大的公司呢？
首先决定你想要赚多少钱，你想要的回报和利润率。我对每个人的目标是尽快实现每年20万到40万美元的净利润，至少要在第三年前实现。那么你可能还有3-5年的时间成为百万富翁，不算你的企业价值。如果你不做这样的计划，你可能只会创造一个永远不会让你财务自由的工作
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Omkar，工程系大四学生
你可以零成本创业。有许多企业实际上不需要投入资金。你可以打开一个Instagram页面，看当地商店、企业等的广告。这种类型的业务只需要在时间方面进行投资。如果你的博客或YouTube频道有大量的粉丝，你可以开始做附属业务?通过Flipkart或亚马逊进行营销，这不需要资金投资。
Poor people's problem is money, Success people's problem is not money it's the idea. there are many investment companies ready to come forward to invest only for a good idea. Every problem in this world is a business. If your idea solves a problem In this world there people will be ready to pay you there you start your bussiness.
穷人的问题是钱，成功人士的问题不是钱而是想法。有很多投资公司准备好了，只为一个好主意投资。世界上的每一个问题都是一桩生意。如果你的想法解决了一个问题在这个世界上，人们会准备好付钱给你，你就可以开始你的事业。
Swadesh Saxena，商业顾问和作家
a. Based on your assess and previous credit history
b. Based on future cash-flow projections
I always prefer to go with second one which mainly rely upon the future cash flow. Under this model try to build small business with your own capital and start earning and based on your earning prepare business plan to approach banks for borrowing.Normally banks prefer to lend for positive DSCR (debt service coverage ratio) which covers the cost of funding with less then 10% capital repayment. For example your installment should not exceed the 40% of your income.Borrowing comes with a cost (cost of fund) so if you want to increase profit initially prefer to go with own fund and build profitable business.
商业借贷主要有两种方式
a、 基于你的评估和之前的信用记录
b、 基于未来现金流预测
我总是倾向于第二种方式，它主要依赖于未来的现金流。在这种模式下，试着用自己的资金建立小型企业，开始盈利，并根据你的盈利情况准备商业计划，向银行贷款。通常情况下，银行倾向于以正的DSCR(债务服务覆盖率)贷款，该比率涵盖了少于10%的资本偿还的资金成本。例如，你的分期付款不应超过你收入的40%。借款是有成本的(资金成本)，所以如果你想在一开始就增加利润，最好用自己的资金来建立盈利的业务。
For some businesses, you can get away with $0. Others may need more cash or a business loan. The best things you can do is to keep expenses as low as possible and lean into your expertise.
Here's some examples of businesses that I've seen or started in the past that might be some inspiration.
Online Business Software
I started a SaaS company selling business software for $25-$50 per month, per customer.
This cost me nothing to start because I'm a programmer by trade. I initially built all of the software I needed myself, or used open source software. I also was able to use existing infrastructure that I had in place from other projects or businesses that I worked with in the past.
对于一些企业来说，你可以不用花钱。其他人可能需要更多现金或商业贷款。你能做的最好的事情就是尽可能降低开支，并利用你的专业知识。
以下是一些我在过去见过或创办的企业的例子，可能会给你一些启发。
在线商务软件
我创办了一家SaaS公司，每个客户每月以25-50美元的价格购买商业软件。
这让我一开始就没花什么钱，因为我是一名程序员。最初，我自己开发了所有需要的软件，或者使用了开源软件。我还能够使用现有的基础设施，这些基础设施是我过去与之合作的其他项目或企业提供的。
Restaurants are a better example of businesses that are more difficult to start with no money at all. You need at least a small amount of equipment.
I have seen restaurants start out of a home. If you can cook, you can start booking reservations. It started with 6–12 people and about $60 a head. This means that you can collect $720 before the event even starts.
Assuming you have some basic equipment at home, you just need to worry about food costs and potentially paying 1 person to help with hosting, serving, and cleaning. That puts you around $400 expenses, so you can immediately have a little side business making a few hundred bucks a week.
Then it can expand from there. Bigger parties, getting a small commercial space, etc.
晚宴业务
餐馆是一个很好的例子，在没有钱的情况下很难创业。不过你至少需要少量的设备。。
我看到餐馆从一个家庭开始。如果你会做饭，你就可以开始推出预订了。一开始只有6-12个人，每人大约60美元。这意味着你可以在开餐开始前收集到720美元
假设你家里有一些基本的设备，你只需要担心食物成本，可能需要支付一个人工资来帮忙招待、服务和清洁。这意味着你要花400美元左右的费用，，所以你可以马上有一个小副业，每周赚几百美元。
然后生意可以从那里扩展，更大的聚会，小的商业空间等等。
Then I've seen groups of people who want to create physical goods to sell. Things like shoes or glasses.
No matter what you want to make, there's probably a place where you can start small. With manufacturing there's plenty of equipment that's very expensive to buy, operate, and maintain but if there's a way to make a part by hand for now then it's less risky.
Instead of getting a loan for a commercial manufacturing facility and laser cutter, I've seen business start by hand carving wood in a garage, or rigging a cheap 3D printer to made a batch of a few hundred products before scaling up. They were able to bring in a few thousands initially on the side, and continuously reinvest it in tools until they were making thousands of products a month.
车库制造商
然后我看到一些人想要创造实体商品来销售。比如鞋子或眼镜。
无论你想做什么，总有一个地方可以让你从小事做起。在制造业中，有很多设备的购买、操作和维护都非常昂贵，但如果现在有一种手工制造零件的方法，那么风险就会小一些。
我看到的不是为商业制造设施和激光切割机获得贷款，而是在车库里手工雕刻木材，或装配一个廉价的3D打印机，在扩大规模之前生产出数百种产品。他们一开始能赚到几千美元，然后不断地把钱投资到工具上，直到他们每个月能生产几千个产品。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Another great example of a bootstrapped business I've seen is a whiskey distillery that started as a farm.
The owners were farmers who did not really know how to make whiskey, but wanted to try.
So they actually started a small farm because they knew that they could make money there first. They also happened to be growing everything they needed to make whiskey. It took them a few years to get that initial business in place.
Once it was running smoothly with some stable income coming through the door, then they started picking up 30–40 year old distillery equipment off eBay for extremely cheap (compared to commercial equipment) to start producing their first hundred barrels or so.
They excited a few customers and all of the sudden had more demand than they could handle. Every single batch of whiskey they've produced since then has been purchased and paid for before they even started producing because companies agreed to order the shipment a year before it was ready.
易趣蒸馏器
我所见过的另一个白手起家的好例子是一个从农场起家的威士忌酿酒厂。
店主是农民，他们不知道如何酿造威士忌，但想试试。
所以他们实际上开了一个小农场，因为他们知道他们可以先靠农场赚钱。他们还碰巧种植了生产威士忌所需的一切作物。他们花了几年时间才建立起最初的业务。
一旦它运行顺利，有了稳定的收入，他们就开始从eBay上购买30-40年历史的酿酒设备，价格非常便宜（与商业设备相比），开始生产第一批100桶左右的酒。
他们让一些顾客兴奋不已，突然间，他们的需求超出了他们的承受能力。从那时起，他们生产的每一批威士忌都是在他们开始生产之前就被购买和付款，因为公司同意在货物准备好前一年就订购货物。
Business Opportunities
It really depends in which industry you want to open up the business in, the location, required capital, partnership ratio, inventory cost, HR costs, etc. Every industry has different costs and different rate of returns depending on the external factors such as Government policy and consumer demand as well.
If you really want to start a business then start with owning a franchise. Franchises offer the independence of small business ownership supported by the benefits of a big business network. Franchising business is quite diversified and various franchise business do extremely well in their particular industry.
Food and Beverage industry has shown significant growth globally. It is one of the most vibrant industries exponential growth in the recent past and continues to expand rapidly. Food and Beverage Industry ranks 2nd globally in terms of production. Main reasons are changing demographics, urbanization and growth of organised retail, increase in disposable incomes.
Owning a Food and Beverage Franchise in the given conditions is one of the smartest options for investors who can enjoy a rate of return of 4–5x on an average.
I would recommend that you should visit The Archadin Group’s website. They deal with several such prestigious International F&B brands who are looking into entering the Asian markets, including India.
All you need to do is fill a simple form on their website showing your interest, and their team shall get in touch with you to schedule a consultation for free. It’s worth exploring opportunities in this sector.
Hope this helps. Cheers!
商机
这实际上取决于你想在哪个行业开展业务、地点、所需资金、合作比率、库存成本、人力资源成本等。每个行业都有不同的成本和回报率，这取决于外部因素，如政府政策和消费者需求。
如果你真的想创业，那就从拥有特许经营权开始。特许经营提供了小企业所有权的独立性，并得到了大企业网络的支持。特许经营业务非常多样化，各种特许经营业务在其特定行业表现非常出色。
食品和饮料行业在全球范围内呈现出显著增长。它是近年来指数增且长最具活力的行业之一，并继续快速扩张。食品和饮料行业的产量在全球排名第二。主要原因是人口结构的变化、城市化和有组织零售业的增长、可支配收入的增加。
在给定条件下拥有餐饮特许经营权是投资者最明智的选择之一，他们的平均回报率为4-5倍。
我建议你访问Archadin集团的网站。他们与几家这样的知名国际餐饮品牌打交道，这些品牌正在寻求进入包括印度在内的亚洲市场。
你只需在他们的网站上填写一份简单的表格，表明你的兴趣，他们的团队将与你联系，安排免费咨询。这一领域的机遇值得探索。
希望这有帮助。干杯
扎克·纽曼，在公司工作
2) Buy yourself a pre-owned laptop with a copy of photoshop.
3) Build a website with some interesting logos, some nice photos, a video of yourself doing handstands, some photos of you best friend etc.
4) Register on upwork, fiverr, peoplebyhour etc (websites where people post jobs)
5) Bid on graphic design and website design projects at a low price, explaining that you are a hardworking amateur and directing people to your portfolio website.
You now have a portable creative business with no overhead except a functioning laptop and an internet connection. (Buyer beware... I haven't done this so it might be harder than I am making out... But I have friends that make their living this way).
1、找份工作，在辞职前多存500美元（多存一点钱总是好的）。
2、 给自己买一台二手笔记本电脑和一份著名图像处理软件（photoshop）。
3、建立一个网站，上面有一些有趣的标识，一些漂亮的照片，一段你自己倒立的视频，一些你最好朋友的照片等等。
4、在upwork、fiverr、peoplebyhour等网站（人们发布工作的网站）上注册.
5、以低价竞标平面设计和网站设计项目，说明你是一个勤奋的业余爱好者，并引导人们访问你的投资组合网站。
你现在有了一个便携式创意企业，除了一台功能正常的笔记本电脑和一个网线，没有任何开销。（不过请注意，我没有这样做，所以可能比我现在说的要难，但我有朋友就是这样谋生的）。
It depends on how hard you are willing to work at it. I started my business 20 years ago for under $100 and it is multi-million now. You can still do that today.
For me, I learned how to build websites (free), learned how to market websites (also free), and then build my own website selling internet marketing services. My cost was about $9/mo to host the website and I think about $25 to register my business name . That then lead to a bank account and the rest is history. As you generate a sale, invest that back into marketing to grow faster.
Mine was just one of many paths to take. You can learn to build a website, and then start your own landscaping company, or a bike tour guide, or a dog walking company or anything you think you can pull off. I would wager to say that $100 and a lot of sweat equity could launch hundreds of different types of businesses that could have earning potential well above a typical salaried job. But, as there is always a “but,” you must be willing to work very hard and sacrifice your lifestyle in order to make things work out.
这取决于你愿意付出多大的努力。20年前，我的创业成本不到100美元，现在已经有数百万美元了。你今天仍然可以这样做。
对我来说，我学会了如何建立网站（免费），学会了如何营销网站（也是免费的），然后建立自己的网站销售互联网营销服务。我的网站运营成本大约是9美元/月，我想花25美元注册我的公司名称。然后是一个银行账户，剩下的就是历史了。当你创造了一笔销售额时，将其重新投入到市场营销中，以实现更快的增长。
我所说的只是众多道路中的一条。你可以学习建立一个网站，然后创建自己的园林公司，或自行车导游，或遛狗公司，或者任何你认为你能做到的事情。我敢打赌，100美元和大量的劳动资本可以启动数百种不同类型的企业，这些企业的收入潜力可能远远高于一个典型的薪水工作。但是，正如总是有一个“但是”，你必须愿意非常努力地工作，牺牲你的生活方式，以使事情顺利进行。
It will vary from business to business. Traditionally people think of ‘trading’ when we talk of business.
But in new age, the definition has widened, rather has tilted more towards entrepreneurship, and is relying on non-conventional business model.
If it is pure consulting, you may not need any capital initially, except the opportunity cost of your job. If it is some service delivery, it will primarily be the fixed cost of office infrastructure and men.
My quick advice, if you are a first generation entrepreneur (I didn’t say businessman), you better keep your capital to minimum !
这将因企业而异。传统上，当我们谈论生意时，人们会想到“交易”。
但在新时代，这一定义已经扩大，更倾向于创业，并依赖于非传统商业模式。
如果是纯粹的咨询，你除了工作的机会成本，最初可能不需要任何资本。如果是某种服务交付，主要是办公基础设施和人员的固定成本。
我的建议是，如果你是第一代企业家（我没说是商人），你最好把你投入的资本控制在最低限度！
Parker Van Hart，佛罗里达大学项目主任(2016-至今)
I would worry less about how much money you need and more about: What problem do you want to solve? What will that solution look like? Do enough people recognize the same problem? Would they be willing to pay for your solution? and What are all the things you’ll need to get your solution into a customer’s hands?
If you provide a unique and excellent solution to a problem enough people have and you show people you’re the person who can provide the solution the best, the money will come.
它总是比你能得到的要多。这就是为什么伟大的企业家善于整合他们不一定能控制的资源。资金总是很难找到，但你需要的其他资源（人员、设备等）可能是真正的挑战所在。
我担心的不是你需要多少钱，而是更关心：你想解决什么问题？这个解决方案会是什么样子？有足够多的人认识到同样的问题吗？他们愿意为你的解决方案买单吗？那么，要将解决方案交到客户手中，你需要做些什么？
如果你能为足够多的人所面临的问题提供一个独特而优秀的解决方案，并向人们展示你是能够提供最佳解决方案的人，那么是不缺钱的。
That really depends on what type of business you are starting and if you have partners and raised capital, but to be legal you would need to grab a business license from your locality, which is less than $100 bucks a year in most cases and notify your state corporation commission if you live in the United States. You will need to apply for an EIN to get bank account. If you decide to create legal documents and other agreements, you could be talking several thousands of dollars just to get legal. Which does not include marketing, general overhead, staffing and anything required to build the business or products.
I believe that most businesses are under funded when they start, but they also spend way to much money on items that are really not necessary on day one. Instead of breaking the bank, find ways to stand out, find customers before you open your doors through pre-orders and spend the least amount of money possible on items that are yet to be proven. By creating a following of raving fans before you open the doors or turn on your website (if you are on online business) make sure you have interest from people who would buy from you down the line. If you cannot get eyeballs on you now, what makes you think you can change that later? Create a community, help people and ask questions. The more you know and the more you help, the more people will come to you. Which takes very little money if any to start.
这实际上取决于你的创业类型以及你是否有合作伙伴和筹集资金，但要做到合法，你需要从你所在的地方获得营业执照，在大多数情况下，营业执照每年不到100美元，如果你住在美国，还需要通知你所在的州公司委员会。你需要申请EIN才能获得银行账户。如果你决定创建法律文件和其他协议，你可能需要花费数千美元才能获得法律效力。其中不包括市场营销、一般管理费用、人员配备和任何构建业务或产品所需的东西。
我相信大多数企业在创业之初都是资金不足的，但他们也会在一些不必要的项目上花很多钱。与其倾家倾产，不如想办法脱颖而出，通过预购在开业前找到客户—花最少的钱购买尚未被证实的产品。在你打开门或打开你的网站(如果你是在线业务)之前，通过创造一群狂热的粉丝，确保人们对你感兴趣并从你那购买。如果你现在无法吸引他人眼球，是什么让你认为以后的情况会发生改变？创建一个社区，帮助人们并提出问题。你知道的越多，帮助的人越多，就会有更多的人来找你，这只需要很少的钱。