创业需要多少钱（一）

Beverly Diltz
Depends entirely on the type of small business. Accurate cost cannot be estimated as it totally based on the nature and size of the business you wanted to open. Depending on the type of business and what kind of investment is required will finalize the actual cost needed for small business. Small business can be started by offering services as well that sometimes doesn’t require any investments.

这完全取决于小企业的类型。准确的成本是无法估计的，因为它完全基于你想要开启的业务的性质和规模。根据企业的类型和需要什么样的投资将最终确定小企业所需的实际成本。小企业也可以通过提供服务起家，这些服务有时不需要任何投资。

Jake McCoy, I'm a serial entrepreneur with several successful companies

杰克·麦考伊，我是一个连续创业者，拥有几家成功的公司

No offense but this is a poorly written question. It's like asking “How much to eat a meal?”
Perfect example. I'm a micro business serial entrepreneur. I founded, and operate about ten different extreme niche companies. Mostly in the luxury lighting industry; and synthesizers. (Long story).
Last week I opened another company. It cost me a grand total of $135 , Three days later I did a two day project that paid $2,875. Zero expenses, I did it on my phone sitting in my living room. (I'm an expert on antique high value chandeliers, and I just opened a mini consulting business aimed at an extremely niche clientele; estate attorneys who are contesting asset uations).

无意冒犯，但这问题问得真的很糟糕，就像在问“一顿饭吃了多少钱？”
完美的例子。我是一个小微企业连续创业者。我创建并运营了大约十家不同的极端小的公司。主要是在豪华照明行业以及合成器行业（说来话长）。
上周我又开了一家公司，总共花了我135美元，三天后，我做了一个为期两天的项目，赚了2875美元，零开支—我坐在客厅里用手机做的。（我是一名老式高价值枝形吊灯方面的专家，我刚刚开了一家小型咨询公司，目标客户非常小众—对资产评估有异议的地产律师）。

My friend - You really and honestly don't need any money. Two years ago I opened a company selling a special crystal polish to antique stores. I make it myself. The entire production “factory” is under my kitchen sink. I make & sell less exactly 5 gallons per month. It takes me several hours to make a batch, less than $3 in materials for all five gallons plus the spray bottle. And I sell it for $60/quart. A scam? Hardly. I've had the same clients for ten years. It's my own recipe and it works perfectly. My marketing costs? In nearly a decade I've invested a staggering total of $79 into one ad, one time, on one antique forum. I only wanted a dozen steady customers. I've netted over $150k thus far from a company that I operate while I'm slow cooking brisket for my monthly family dinner.

我的朋友，你真的不需要钱。两年前，我开了一家公司，向古董店出售一种特殊的水晶抛光剂，我自己做的。整个生产“工厂”都在我的厨房水槽下面。我每月生产和销售不到5加仑。我花了好几个小时做一批，五加仑加上喷雾瓶的材料不到3美元，我以每夸脱60美元的价格出售。骗局？几乎没人这么认为，我给同样的客户提供服务已经十年了。这是我自己的秘方，效果非常好。我的营销成本？近十年来，我在一个古董论坛的一则广告上投入了令人震惊的79美元。我只想要一打稳定的顾客。到目前为止，到目前为止，我已经从我经营的公司中净赚金额超过15万美元，而与此同时我在为我每月的家庭晚餐慢煮牛胸肉。

Million dollar secret: (Literally). It's far far far easier to become successful, and make lots of money doing ONE thing extremely well. And the more bizarre and tiny it is, the better you'll do. Why? Because most guys dream of having a thousand men in a thousand trucks with their name on billboards.
Fuck that. I discovered when I was a child that making extremely strange sounds on a synthesizer for radio commercials was a genuine career. Then I figured out how to play all the types of piano chords used in pop songs. I didn't learn how to be a great piano player. I just figured out how to play those chords really well. I made my first million before I was 21. People still hire me to make goofy sounds and play the piano on records. Which ones? Can't tell you. Because I'm a “ghost player”. Other people get credit for my work. You see, my ego isn't tied to it. My ego is tied to having nice things.
But, on the other hand, if you want to start a submarine manufacturing company, then you need many many millions.
So you need to be way more specific when you ask questions like this because there's literally hundreds of thousands of answers.

百万美元的秘密：（字面意思）。把一件事做得非常好，就很容易成功，赚很多钱。而且这件事越奇怪、越小，你做的就越好，为什么？因为大多数男人都梦想着能有一千个人开一千辆卡车，广告牌上还写着他们的名字。
去他妈的。当我还是个孩子的时候，我发现在广播广告的合成器上发出非常奇怪的声音是一种真正的事业。然后我学会了如何弹奏流行歌曲中使用的所有类型的钢琴和弦。我没有学会如何成为一名伟大的钢琴演奏家。我刚刚想出了如何把和弦弹得很好。我在21岁之前就赚到了第一个一百万。现在还有人雇我来制造傻傻的声音，用唱片演奏钢琴。哪一些？这我就不能告诉你。因为我是个“幽灵玩家”。其他人因我的工作而得到赞扬。你看，我的自我与之无关。我的自尊心与拥有美好的事物息息相关。
但是，另一方面，如果你想创办一家潜艇制造公司，那么你需要数百万美元。
所以，当你问这样的问题时，你需要更具体一些，因为有成百上千的答案。

Tom Bergman, Ph.D., C.P.A., Engineer, Entrepreneur, & Owner, Ear Plug Superstore.

汤姆·伯格曼，博士，注册会计师，工程师，企业家，耳塞超市老板。

As the others have said, it all depends… Allow me to suggest a little deeper response. Since you are asking this obviously trivial question (no offense intended…it is just a superficial, overly general question,) clearly, you have not yet delved into the concept of what it means to start a business.
Before you have any need to know what it will cost to start a business, you first need to know what resources you have. I would highly recommend that you perform a deep dive into developing a personal inventory, but first begin with why you might want to start a business, and be specific: how much profit do you want and need to meet your personal goals for the business? Do you just need enough to get out of debt? …enough to send your kids to college? …$200 a week? …become a millionaire for ego purposes? What is it exactly that you want from a business?
Once you have an understanding of what you want and need from a business, write it down. Set it in stone. This is your goal. You will need to refer back to it often. It will become your touchstone; absolutely critical for getting you through the tough times that inevitably will come your way.

正如其他人所说，这一切都取决于……请允许我给出一个更深层次的回答。既然你问的问题很显然是一个微不足道的问题（无意冒犯，这只是一个肤浅、过于笼统的问题），那么你显然还没有深入研究创业意味着什么。
在你需要知道创业的成本之前，你首先需要知道你拥有什么样的资源。我强烈建议你做一个深入的个人清单，但首先从你为什么想要创业开始，并且要具体说明：你想要多少利润，需要多少利润才能实现你的个人目标？你需要足够的钱来还债吗？足够的钱供你的孩子上大学吗？每周200美元？纯粹为了想成为百万富翁？你到底想从企业中得到什么？
一旦你了解了你想从一家企业得到什么和需要什么，就把它写下来。把它写下来。把它固定在石头上。这就是你的目标，你需要经常回顾它。它将成为你的试金石，这绝对是帮助你度过不可避免的困难时期的关键。

The next step is to take inventory: what do you own? …house, car, second home, retirement account, family willing to provide funding, tools, workplace, etc. Next, what is your nut? How much do you have to have to make ends meet every month? Can you adjust anything? Can you sell something, get a second job, move things around, change homes, trade your car with payments for one without, dump the cable bill, take your meals at home to save money, whatever?
Now, what do you know how to do? …and what are you willing to do? Will you work 50 hours a week? …80?, more?, less? Get real. If you have never run a restaurant, and you want to pursue a restaurant, I highly recommend that you get trained first. Don’t go to school for that. Go to work in restaurants of the kind you think you want to own. Learn all the jobs by doing them. As a bonus, you get paid for working while you are learning. Whatever the business, follow this principle: work in that kind of business before you try to strike out on your own. This piece of advice will save you countless dollars and a world of grief. Know what you are doing before you start any business.

下一步是盘点：你拥有什么：房子、汽车、第二套住房、退休账户、愿意提供资金的家庭、工具、工作场所等。接下来，你的问题是什么？你每个月需要多少钱才能维持收支平衡？你能调整一下吗？你能卖掉东西，找到第二份工作，搬家，换房子，用你的车换一辆几乎不需要花钱的车，扔掉有线电视账单，在家吃饭省钱，无论什么都可以吗？
你知道怎么做吗？你愿意做什么？你一周工作50小时或者80吗?, 更多或少点，要真实。如果你从未经营过餐厅，而且你想弄一家餐厅，我强烈建议你先接受培训。不要因为这个去上学，而是去你想拥有的餐馆工作。通过实践学习所有的工作。作为奖励，你在学习的同时也能得到报酬。无论做什么生意，都要遵循这个原则：在你想开创自己的事业之前，先进那一行去干。这条建议将为你省下无数的金钱和无尽的悲伤。在你开始任何生意之前要知道你在做什么。

There is no point in pursuing a business idea if you are not in a position to carry it through. You will only fail for lack of resources, lack of motivation, or lack of skill. Set yourself up for success and you will succeed.
So, once you have taken this personal inventory, then you can begin to ask what it will cost to start a business, and now you will have an understanding of the question. Knowing your goal for the business, you can reject all those opportunities that cannot meet your needs. Knowing your resources, you can reject all those businesses which you know you are not prepared to run. Knowing your motivations, you know too, if you will be able to muster the effort required to be successful.

如果你不能坚持到底的话，追求商业理念是毫无意义的。你只会因为缺乏资源、缺乏动力或缺乏技能而失败，为成功做好准备，你就会成功。
所以，一旦你弄出了这份个人清单，你就可以开始问创业需要多少成本，现在你就可以理解这个问题了。了解自己的业务目标，你可以拒绝所有无法满足自己需求的机会。了解自己的资源，你可以拒绝所有你知道自己没有准备好经营的生意业。了解自己的动机，你知道的够多了，如果你能全力以赴的话，生意才能成功。

Jeremy Hamilton, HR Officer at Microsoft (2014-present)

Jeremy Hamilton，微软人力资源主管(2014-至今)

Every single day people are on here telling others to start cleaning/thermal imaging/lawn care/snow removal/pressure washing/ handyman business, because "it'll cost you less than a $100 to start, no one else does it because they're too lazy".
I ran a Pressure washing business for 18 months, sold it to start a thermal imaging/inspection/energy auditing company, before that I had a HVAC company, my brother owns a general contracting and roofing business I've been heavily involved with and I recently helped my unemployed sister start her own business.
I want to give you folks a real life look into what it takes to start ANY service business.

在这里每天都有人告诉其他人开始清洁/热成像/草坪护理/除雪/压力清洗/杂工业务，因为“开始的成本不到100美元，没有人去做是因为他们太懒了”。
我做了18个月的压力洗涤生意，然后卖掉了它，创办了一家热成像/检查/能源审计公司，在此之前，我有一家暖通空调公司，我哥哥拥有一家总承包服务和屋顶施工业务公司，我全身心投入其中，最近我帮助失业的妹妹创办了自己的企业。
我想让你们看看真实的生活，看看开创服务业需要什么。

Yes, you can go out a rent a $50 wet vac and show up to someones house and clean their carpet. However, with an advertising budget of zero you're likely only getting family / friends or random people on craigslist. Let me tell you something about craiglists, it's where cheap people go to find someone to do something for them.
So Joe from Craiglist calls you up and wants his house cleaned, you go to the rental place and pick up a wet vac, that's $50, plus the $5 in fuel you used to get it and go home, then you raid your moms cleaning supplies and take $30 worth of cleaners, rags and whatever else you figure you'll need. You hop back in your car and spend another $10 in gas traveling to and from the job, and craigslist joe pays you $150. Let's say it took you 2 hours, you drop off the vacuum and head home. So you spent $100 in fuel, materials and rental costs but you made $50, $25 an hour is good money. Your moms pissed you used the last of her febreeze and she's yelling at you when Joe calls. Joes dog is sick because of the random chemicals you used that you had no idea about are not pet safe and you didn't clean them up well enough (they left that part out in the youtube video). The contract you wrote up yourself or found online (if you even did that) holds zero weight in court against Joes lawyer and now you're on the hook for $3500 worth of vet bills and $2500 in legal fees plus your name is plastered all over facebook.

是的，你可以租一台50美元的湿真空吸尘器，到别人家里清洁地毯。然而，如果广告预算为零，你很可能只能在克雷格网站上做家人/朋友或随机碰到的人的业务。让我告诉你一些关于克雷格网站的事情，小气的人会去那里找人为他们做点什么。
克雷格网站的Joe打电话给你，想让你把房子打扫干净，你花50美元去租一台湿真空吸尘器，加上5美元燃料，然后你回家你扫荡走你妈妈的清洁用品，拿走价值30美元的清洁剂、抹布和任何你认为需要的东西。你快速回到车里，在往返工作的路上再花10美元买汽油，克雷格网站的Joe付给你150美元—假设你花了两个小时，归还吸尘器后回家。所以你在燃料、材料和租金上花了100美元，但你赚了50美元，每小时25美元也是不错的。你用了她最后一点空气清新剂，你妈妈很生气，乔打电话来时她对你大喊大叫。乔的狗因为你随机使用的化学物质而生病，你不知道它们对宠物不安全，你没有把它们清理干净（他们在油管视频中漏掉了这一部分）。你自己写的或在网上找到的合同（如果你真的这么做了）在法庭上对Joes的律师没有任何影响，现在你要支付价值3500美元的兽医账单和2500美元的法律费用，而且facebook上到处都是你的名字。

Will this happen every time? No. In 18 months of pressure washing I had one major screw up that ended in me losing $2200. It would have been a lot worse but I had my brother contracting company to lean on to do the repair to the wall I damaged for about half of what it would have costed me. Plus, I was lucky that the owner was happy with me paying for the repair and not charging him for the job I was doing when it happened, then hiring another company to come finish the job as he no longer trusted me to do it. There's actually a good chance you'll never come across a Joe and nothing bad will ever happen while you're starting out. But, all it takes is one time and you're ruined. Everyone on this subreddit seems to leave that out.
From my experience, you shouldn't offer to do any service for anyone UNLESS you have three things:
The skills to do it
Insurance
Proper tools

这种情况每次都会发生吗?不。在18个月的压力清洗中，我犯了一个严重的错误，导致我损失了2200美元。情况可能会更糟，但我有我的兄弟承包公司来修理我损坏的墙，花费大约是我所花费的一半。另外，我很幸运因为店主对我支付修理费并且在事故发生时我做的事情没有找他要钱而感到高兴，然后他雇佣了另一家公司来完成这项工作，因为他不再信任我来做这件事。实际上，在你开始的时候，你很有可能永远不会遇到乔这样的情况，也不会有什么不好的事情发生。但是，只要一次，你就完蛋了—这个subreddit（社交新闻网站 Reddit 的子版块）上的每个人似乎都忽略了这一点。
根据我的经验，你不应该为任何人提供任何服务，除非你有三件事：
做这件事的技巧；
保险；
合适的工具。

Without those three things you're putting yourself and others at risk. If you're dead set on starting cheap, start small. VERY SMALL. Rent a pressure washer and ONLY clean driveways with no cars in them. Turn down every job that wants you to wash a house, or a boat or a transport truck. Anything that could be easily damaged. Keep doing these small jobs on the evenings and weekends until you have enough money to buy your own pressure washer and insure your business.
I'm going to use my home inspection business as an example of the real costs of running a service business. I'm in Canada, so these prices are in Canadian Dollars.
Truck: I have my own truck, it costs me $500 a month for the lease, $145 for commercial insurance (covers my truck and the tools in it), and I average $450 in fuel a month (fuel is $1.10/L here, that's $4.40 a gallon). Wear and tear means nothing to me because it's a lease, I'll bring it back in three years and get a new one.
Insurance: General Liability costs me $1200 a year, this is way less than most because I have almost no exposure as a home inspector. Pressure washing was more like $3800 a year. I also have Errors and Obmissions insurance which is only really for inspectors but it runs me $2600 a year.Monthly, my insurance is about $220.

如果没有准备好这三方面，你就会把自己和他人置于危险之中。如果你一心想以低价起步，那就从小处着手，而且非常小的方面。租一台高压清洗机，只清洁没有车的车道。拒绝所有想让你洗房子、船或运输卡车的工作和清洗那些任何容易损坏的东西。在晚上和周末继续做这些小众工作，直到你有足够的钱买自己的压力清洗机，并为你的生意投保。
我将以我的家检业务为例来说明经营服务业务的实际成本。我在加拿大，所以这些价格是以加元计价的。
卡车：我有自己的卡车，每月租金500加元，商业保险145加元（包括我的卡车和车内工具），我平均每月450加元（这里的燃油是1.10加元/升，也就是每加仑4.40加元）。磨损对我来说毫无意义，因为这是租约，三年后我会把它还回去，换一辆新的。
保险：一般责任险每年花费1200加元，这比大多数情况都要少，因为我几乎没有做过家庭检查员。压力清洗每年大约3800美元。我也有错误和任务保险，这只适用于检查员，但我每年要花2600加元。每月，我的保险费大约是22加元。

Advertising: I spend 5%-10% of my profits on marketing and advertising. When I first started it was more like 25%. Clients don't just magically show up and ask if you can rent a vacuum and come clean their house. Craigslist isn't some free advertising worm hole and connects you with everyone looking for a service.
Tools and clothing: Last year I spent $3500 on tools and branded clothing for my company. That's pennys compared to most people but I had a lot of what I needed for home inspections from other business, or I just took it from my brother and told mom to tell him not to get mad at me. That works to. Either way, every shirt I have has my logo on it, every jacket, sweater, hoodie etc all has my logo on it. I own 12 pairs of the same work pants so that I look the same at every job and people remember me. I purposely rock a black shirt and navy work pants because it's ugly and people remember that. All this stuff costs money, and people are willing to pay more when you look professional.
Consumables: Guess what.

广告：我把利润的5%-10%花在营销和广告上。刚开始，这个比例大概是25%。客户不会凭空出现，问你能不能租个吸尘器来打扫他们的房子。克雷格网站并不是一个免费的广告漏洞，它将你与所有寻找服务的人联系起来。
工具和服装：去年我为公司购买了3500加元的工具和品牌服装。与大多数人相比，这是一分钱，和大多数人相比，这是一大笔钱，但我从其他企业那里得到了很多家检所需的东西，或者我只是从我哥哥那里拿过来，并让妈妈告诉他不要对我生气。这对我很有用。不管怎样，我的每件衬衫上都有我的标志，每件夹克衫、毛衣、连帽衫等等都有我的标志。我有12条同样的工作裤，这样我在做任何工作时看起来都一样，人们也会记住我。我特意穿了一件黑色衬衫和一条海军蓝的工作裤，因为它很难看，而且人们会记得。所有这些东西都要花钱，当你看起来很专业的时候，人们愿意付更多的钱。
耗材:猜猜看。

I could sit here for days listing off things people never think of, phone bills that are higher than normal, utility bills higher than usual because you're now heating your garage so that your stuff doesn't freeze in winter, work boots, PPE, gloves, costs related to having a website, accountants, licensing fees and continued learning. All these things ad up.
For my current business, a bare bones rough estimate for monthly expense is around $2200 a month. I ALWAYS over shoot this.
Now, I'm not saying you can't make some extra cash mowing lawns or shoveling snow. I know lots of people who started out working weekends for cash and I know lots of people still doing it. However, you have to be smart about it. Like I said above, start small and stuff all the money you're making in a shoe box. once that box is full then you can go buy some tools, keep doing small stuff and once it's full again get insured and get advertising.

我可以在这里坐上好几天，列出人们从未想过的事情，比正常情况更高的电话费，比平常更高的水电费，因为你现在正在给车库供暖，这样你的东西在冬天就不会结冰，工作靴，个人防护装备，手套，与网站相关的费用，会计师，许可费和继续学习的费用，所有这些事情都很重要。
就我目前的业务而言，粗略估计每月的开支大约是2200美元，我总是拍会超支。
现在，我并不是说你不能通过修剪草坪或铲雪赚到额外的钱。我知道很多人开始在周末打工赚钱，我也知道很多人现在还在这样做。然而，你必须聪明一点。就像我上面说的，从小事做起，把赚来的钱都塞进鞋盒里。一旦箱子装满了钱，你就可以去买一些工具，继续做一些小事情，一旦它再次装满了，你就可以去买保险，做广告。

I've watched my brothers lawyer absolutely ruin people for doing unlicensed contracting work. I've seen first hand how one slip up can cost you thousands of dollars. I've seen companies go belly up because of bad tools or products that ended up damaging someone property or hurting someone, all because they didn't really know what they were doing.
The most important thing to take away from this little Saturday afternoon read is not that you shouldn't get out there and try. It's that you need to be smart and know what you're doing. Get the proper training, get the right tools and do things right the first time. Don't be one of the dozens of craiglist dudes who are willing to mow grass for $20. I felt the need to write this because lately everyone seems to think starting a service business is as simple as getting a job and doing the work. So much more than that goes on behind the scenes and it's really a delicate balancing act of risk and reward. Do your research and do it right.

我亲眼看到我的兄弟处理法律事务毁了别人就因为其做无照承包工作。我亲眼目睹了一次失误是如何让你损失数千美元的。我曾见过一些公司因为糟糕的工具或产品而破产，这些工具或产品最终损害了某人的财产或伤害了某人，而这一切都是因为他们不知道自己在做什么。
从这个周六下午的阅读中，最重要的事情不是你不应该出去尝试。而是你需要变得聪明，知道自己在做什么。接受适当的培训，使用正确的工具，在第一时间就把事情做好。不要像那些在克雷格网站上卖20美元割草服务的家伙一样。我觉得有必要写这篇帖子，因为最近似乎每个人都认为，创办一家服务企业就像找到一份工作并付诸实践一样简单。幕后的工作远不止这些，这是一种风险与回报之间的微妙平衡。做好研究，并采取正确的方式。