UK economy expanded 7.5% last year

英国经济去年增长了7.5%



新闻：

The UK economy rebounded last year with growth of 7.5% despite falling back in December due to Omicron restrictions, official figures show.

官方数据显示，尽管由于奥密克戎的限制，英国经济在去年12月有所回落，但去年仍实现了7.5%的增长。

It was the fastest pace of growth since 1941, although it came after a dramatic 9.4% collapse in 2020 as the pandemic forced parts of the economy to shut.

这是自1941年以来最快的增长速度，尽管此前在2020年，由于大流行迫使部分经济部门关闭，经济大幅下滑了9.4%。

In December, the economy shrank 0.2% as Omicron restrictions hit the hospitality and retail sectors.

去年12月，由于奥密克戎的限制措施打击了酒店业和零售业，经济萎缩了0.2%。

Chancellor Rishi Sunak said the economy had been "remarkably resilient".

里希·苏纳克大臣表示，英国经济“非常有弹性”。

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) figures showed that in the last three months of 2021 growth was 1%, which ONS director of economic statistics Darren Morgan said was "pretty healthy" given Omicron's spread and the introduction of some restrictions.

英国国家统计局的数据显示，2021年最后三个月的经济增长率为1%，国家统计局经济统计主任达伦·摩根表示，考虑到奥密克戎的传播和一些限制措施，这是“相当健康的”。

The figures were stronger than expected, and Mr Morgan told the BBC the expansion in 2021 showed the UK was the fastest growing economy in the G7 group of nations. However, he urged caution about making strict comparisons.

这些数据比预期的要强劲，摩根告诉BBC，2021年的增长表明英国是七国集团中增长最快的经济体。不过，他敦促不要做严格的对比。

"The growth in 2021 comes from a low base in 2020, when the economy fell sharply," Mr Morgan said. "And if you look at where the UK economy is now, compared to its pre-pandemic level... the UK is middle of the pack, compared with the G7."

“2021年的增长来自2020年的低基数，当时经济大幅下滑，”摩根表示。“如果你看看英国现在的经济状况，与大流行前的水平相比……与七国集团相比，英国处于中游。”

He said using this comparison, the US, Canadian and French economies were above the UK's, while the UK was above Italy, Germany and Japan.

他表示，通过这种比较，美国、加拿大和法国的经济高于英国，而英国则高于意大利、德国和日本。
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The worst of the overall pandemic economic hit is now behind us but the aftershocks remain.

大流行对整体经济的最严重打击现在已经过去，但余波仍在。

Downing Street is unlikely to avoid the opportunity to boast about 2021. During its hosting of the G7, the UK is now confirmed as the fastest growing economy of these major nations.

英国政府不太可能放弃这个吹嘘2021年政绩的机会。在主办七国集团峰会期间，英国已被确认为这些主要国家中经济增长最快的国家。

But that comparison needs a great dollop of context.

但这种比较需要放在大量的背景之下。

The 7.5% growth the UK economy recorded in 2021 is the highest of the G7 major economies and that does indicate a strong bounceback.

英国经济在2021年实现了7.5%的增长，是七国集团主要经济体中最高的，这表明英国经济出现了强劲反弹。

This, as the ONS points to, should be seen alongside the sharpest fall of 9.4% for the UK compared to those same economies in 2020. On the internationally comparable basis, the economy is still slightly smaller than it was at the end of December 2019, unlike the US, France and Canada. On the slightly more timely basis, using monthly data not available in other countries, the UK economy is larger than it was in February 2020.

正如英国国家统计局所指出的那样，在与那些相同的的经济体比较时，要同时考虑到2020年英国的GDP出现了9.4%的最大降幅。在国际可比基础上，与美国、法国和加拿大不同，英国经济仍然略小于2019年12月底的水平。在更及时的基础上，使用无法获得的其他国家月度数据，英国经济比2020年2月时更大。

The UK economy grew by 1% in the final quarter of 2021, a little lower than expectations, as the spread of the Omicron variant weighed on the economy in December.

英国经济在2021年最后一个季度增长1%，略低于预期，因为奥密克戎变种的扩散在12月给经济带来了压力。

But as ever during these extraordinary times, this already looks like a rear view mirror on events. Looking forward, the extraordinary cost of living squeeze, with energy and other prices leading to falls in average living standards, is the significant iceberg for the economy in 2022.

但与以往一样，在这些不寻常的时期，这已经是事件的事后视角了。展望未来，生活成本的极度紧缩，以及能源和其他价格导致平均生活水平的下降，是2022年经济的重大风险。

The ONS said that despite the fall in December, on a monthly basis GDP was in line with its pre-coronavirus level in February 2020.

英国国家统计局表示，尽管12月GDP有所下降，但按月计算与2020年2月的疫情前水平持平。

However, GDP in the October-to-December quarter remains 0.4% below its pre-Covid levels in the final three months of 2019.

然而，10月至12月这一季度的GDP仍比2019年最后三个月的疫情前水平低0.4%。

Mr Sunak told the BBC: "Today's figures show that despite Omicron the economy was remarkably resilient. We were the fastest growing economy in the G7 last year and are forecast to continue being the fastest growing economy this year.

苏纳克告诉BBC：“今天的数据显示，尽管受到奥密克戎影响，但经济非常有韧性。去年，我们是七国集团中增长最快的经济体，预计今年将继续是增长最快的经济体。

"But I know that people are worried about rising prices, particularly energy bills... and that's why last week we announced a significant package of support to help millions of families meet the cost of bills."

“但我知道人们担心价格上涨，尤其是能源账单……这就是为什么上周我们宣布了一项重要的一揽子支持计划，来帮助数百万家庭支付账单。”

Last year's growth was the strongest since ONS records began in 1948 and the fastest since 1941, during World War Two, using data collected by the Bank of England.
The slump of 9.4% in 2020 was the biggest drop since 1919 when there was demobilisation after World War One.

根据英国央行收集的数据，去年的增长是自国家统计局1948年开始记录以来最强劲的，也是自二战期间的1941年以来最快的。2020年的降幅为9.4%，这是自1919年以来的最大降幅，当时一战结束后出现了战争复员潮。

'We lost the fizz off the top of a glass of champagne'

“我们失去了一杯香槟顶部的气泡”

After 18 months of uncertainty, Ollie Vaulkhard's coffee shop and restaurant chain in north east England was seeing a strong end to 2021.

在经历了18个月的不确定性之后，英格兰东北部奥利·沃卡德的咖啡店和连锁餐厅在2021年迎来了强劲的年终。

He told the BBC's Wake up to Money programme that October and November were great months for the Vaulkhard Group as the economy opened up, but then things started to slow when Omicron hit.

他在BBC的《金钱觉醒》节目中表示，随着经济的开放，10月和11月对沃卡德店铺来说是很好的两个月，但当奥密克戎到来时，生意开始放缓。

"We lost customers, we lost staff to isolation and we had people being cautious because they had plans for Christmas."

“由于隔离，我们失去了客户，失去了员工，人们都很谨慎，因为他们已经有了圣诞节计划。”
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He doesn't regard December as a disaster, more a loss of momentum. "We lost the fizz off the top of a glass of champagne," he said.

他不认为12月是一场灾难，更像是失去了增长动力。“我们失去了一杯香槟顶部的气泡，”他说。
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A better December would have been a good launch into 2022, when Mr Vaulkhard expects some tough times.

本来一个更好的12月将是2022年的一个良好开端的，沃克哈德预计2022年将会有一段艰难时期。

"We have wage cost rises, we have supply cost rises, we've had some brewery costs going up by 7% - they are all large," he said.

他说：“我们的工资成本上升，供应成本上升，一些啤酒厂的成本上升了7%，这些都是很大的上升。”

The pandemic and lockdown kept a lid on costs for two years, but suddenly it's changing.

疫情和封锁将成本限制了两年，但情况突然发生了变化。

"I would prefer not to have them [price rises], but given the challenges we had this seems like another bridge to cross that we'll have to find a way over."

“我宁愿不要（涨价），但考虑到我们面临的挑战，这似乎是另一座需要跨越的桥梁，我们必须找到办法。”
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The economy is expected to face headwinds in 2022. Last week, the Bank of England raised interest rates, cut its economic growth forecast from 5% to 3.75% for this year and predicted that households were about to suffer the sharpest fall in living standards since records began three decades ago.

预计英国经济在2022年将面临逆风。上周，英格兰银行提高了利率，将今年的经济增长预期从5%下调到3.75%，并预测家庭生活水平将遭受30年前有记录以来的最大降幅。

This, said Labour's shadow chief secretary to the Treasury, Pat McFadden, would mean the economy will "crawl" this year and see the slowest growth of any G7 country.

工党影子内阁财政部首席秘书帕特·麦克法登表示，这将意味着今年英国经济将“爬行”，成为七国集团中增长最慢的国家。

"The reality is the way the government runs our economy is trapping us in a high tax, low growth cycle," he said.

他说：“现实是政府经营我们经济的方式把我们困在高税收、低增长的循环中。”

Inflation is forecast to hit 7% in April, the same month workers and firms will start to see a rise in their National Insurance (NI) contributions. Mr Sunak has been under pressure to scrap the NI increase, but vowed this month that it would go ahead.

预计4月份通货膨胀率将达到7%，同月，工人和企业将开始看到他们的国民保险缴款的增加。苏纳克一直承受着取消国民保险缴款增加的压力，但本月誓言将继续实施。

Thomas Pugh, an economist at RSM UK, said he expected output lost during December and January to be regained in February and March, "meaning that Omicron should not have had a lasting impact on the economy".

RSM UK经济学家托马斯·普表示，他预计12月和1月的产出损失将在2月和3月恢复，“这意味着奥密克戎不应对经济产生持久影响”。

But he warned that consumer spending power would take a big hit in 2022.

但他警告说，消费者的购买力将在2022年遭受重创。

Suren Thiru, head of economics at the British Chamber of Commerce, said that "crippling" inflation, tax rises in April, and higher energy bills means "the UK economy is facing a materially weaker 2022".

英国商会经济学家苏伦·蒂鲁表示，“严重”的通胀、4月份的增税和更高的能源账单意味着“英国经济将在2022年面临实质性的疲软”。