QA:为什么“中国制造”仍然统治着整个世界？为什么许多其他国家无法与中国竞争？

Joydip Choudhury
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
Thanks for the A2A
There's got to be many factors, like political stability, cheap labor, economic reforms in the direction of making the regulatory environment less burdensome, identifying productive sectors and boosting manufacturing, crackdown on corruption (the type that stifles productivity), good transportation facilities, huge investment in research and development and reverse engineering the technology of other countries, less taxes and duties, an obedient work culture that is accustomed to collectively working hard and performing massive tasks in a short period of time (Mao Zedongs people's commune) and a political system that can facilitate some long term planning.
But pretty sure that a combination of many of the above things (or even better stuff) can be found in lots of other countries (for instance cheap labor can also be found in Mexico, Brazil, India etc). So it's a big conundrum as to why ONLY China is dominating, while others can't. One plausible reason could be geopolitical, see this
This is US banker David Rockefeller meeting with then Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.
In order to contain US Cold War adversary Soviet unx, the US took advantage of the Sino Soviet split and performed an act of “kiss and make up” with the CCP in 1972. This was followed by the visit of US corporate interests in 1973 (as seen in the pic), folks who saw an opportunity for squeezing unlimited profits in the monopolistic, one party system (via reduced labor costs and other things mentioned above) and also a huge market for their finished products, offshoring their manufacturing infrastructure in China. Also, after establishment of formal diplomatic relations in 1979 and a brief period of lull, a massive splurge of US investments into China followed, stuff that alongside exports, had a huge contribution to the miraculous Chinese growth story. Here's the chart,
And a related graph
Also, US investment into China formed a huge chunk of the total investments into China (almost 85 pct in 2019).
So apart from some good Chinese internal policies and programmes, it's the US geopolitical/corporate interests that has and continues to fuel Chinese economic growth (while also getting insanely rich themselves). Also, one cannot ignore the leverage that China, being the competing global hegemon, can NOW have in various related negotiations and trade deals, stuff that other countries can't.
U.S. direct investments in China 2000-2019 | Statista
Through the decades: The Rockefeller family and China

这里面一定有很多因素，比如政治稳定、廉价的劳动力、以减轻监管负担为方向进行的经济改革、打击（扼杀生产力的类型）的腐败、良好的交通设施、投入巨资进行技术研发和逆向工程、减少税收和关税、一种习惯于集体努力工作的，能在短时间内完成大量任务的服从性的工作文化、一种有利于长期规划的政治制度等。
但可以肯定的是，上述许多因素的组合（甚至更好的东西）也可以在许多其他国家找到（例如，廉价的劳动力也可以在墨西哥、巴西、印度等地找到）。因此，为什么只有中国占据了制造业的主导地位，而其他国家却没有，这是一个令人困惑的问题。一个更为合理的原因可能是由于地缘政治，看这个：

这是美国银行家洛克菲勒在会见时任中国总理的周恩来。
为了遏制美国在冷战中的对手苏联，美国利用中苏分裂的机会，在1972年与中供进行了一次“言归于好（kiss and make up）”的行动，紧接着是1973年美国企业集团的来访（如图所示）。在垄断/一党制（可以降低劳动力以及许多其他成本）/巨大的制成品市场上，人们看到了将他们的制造业基础设施转移到中国并榨取无限利润的机会。此外，在1979年中美建立正式外交关系及短暂的停顿期之后，美国对中国的大规模投资随之而来，这些投资与出口一起，为中国奇迹般的经济增长故事做出了巨大贡献。这是图表，

以及相关的图表
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此外，美国对华投资占外国对华投资总额的很大一部分（2019年几乎占了85%）（译注：这里应该是不对的，见一下备注）。
因此，除了一些好的中国的内部政策和计划外，美国的地缘政治/企业利益已经并将继续推动中国经济增长（同时也让中国自己变得异常富裕）。此外，我们不能忽视中国作为全球霸主竞争者，在各种相关谈判和贸易协议中所能发挥的的影响力，这是其他国家所不具备的。
2000-2019年美国对华直接投资统计
走过几十年：洛克菲勒家族与中国
译注：美国对华投资
据中国商务部统计，2018年，中国新批设立美资企业1750家，同比上升30%；合同美资金额104.5亿美元，同比上升100.3%；实际使用美资金额26.9亿美元，同比上升1.5%。截至2018年底，美对华投资项目累计达70181个，实际投入851.9亿美元，分别占中国已批外资企业的7.3%和4.2%。当年美国在中国外资来源地中居第八位。
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Adrian Lee Magill, Video Company President/Artist BA SFU, VFS (diploma), Author，Lives in Amagasaki, Japan
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
Original question: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
Thanks for the A2A.
Is it? I don't think so.
I go into the supermarket. I see stickers from. Australia, the Phillipines, Canada and New Zealand. Not much is made in China.
The hardware store has plenty of “made in Japan”. and “made in USA" stickers. Not many “made in China” if at all.
Raw materials? Nope. Back to Australia and Canada.
In fact, the only place “made in China” dominates is in the bargain stores where the cheapest stuff is.
The answer to your next question is yes. Countries can manufacture their own products and many do. Buy local where possible, and you'll see what I mean. Sometimes it just takes a little research.
I hope this helps. Stay safe.

真的吗？我不这么认为。
我在超市里看到的产品标签很多来自澳大利亚、菲律宾、加拿大和新西兰，来自中国的并不多。
在五金店里有很多产品都有“日本制造”以及“美国制造”的标签，并没有很多“中国制造”。
原材料？不，你会想到澳大利亚和加拿大。
事实上，“中国制造”只在廉价商店占据主导地位，那里有最便宜的东西。
你的另一个问题的答案是肯定的，各国可以制造自己的产品，许多国家都可以。建议你尽可能买本地货，有时候只是需要一点研究你就会明白我的意思。
我希望这对你有帮助，祝平安。

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Corey Tournet, Have lived and done business in China for 10+ years，Lives in Austin, TX
That’s a fairly blanket statement, reality is more complex. “Compete” is also not a simple issue. In some markets “compete” means to create the best product with little regard to cost. Like high fashion or life saving medical devices or services. In other markets “compete” is just about whoever has the lowest price. “Compete” in some cases has nothing to do with talent but rather whoever has lower labor costs. I have some friends in China that used to sell a lot of motorcycles around the world but then lost the business to competitors in India who had 1/4 the labor costs. They were telling me the quality in India was really bad before but once it became similar it was game over.
There are even factors such as government regulations that effectively prohibit many countries from competing. For example only China makes mini full automatic washing machines, because in other countries, they have regulations that force manufacturers to make larger units due to energy and water use requirements. If you want to know the situation it’s best to look at an individual class of product.

这是一个相当笼统的说法，现实更为复杂，“竞争”也不是一个简单的问题。在某些市场，“竞争”意味着创造出最好的产品而几乎不考虑成本，比如高级时装或救生医疗设备或服务。而在其他市场，“竞争”只关乎谁的价格最低。在某些情况下，“竞争”与人才无关，而与谁的劳动力成本更低有关。我在中国有一些朋友，他们过去在世界各地销售了很多摩托车，但后来他们把生意输给了印度的竞争对手，因为印度的竞争对手拥有他们1/4的劳动力成本。他们以前告诉我印度的产品质量很差，但一旦它们变得相似，游戏就结束了。
甚至还有一些因素，比如政府的规章制度也有效地禁止了许多国家的竞争。例如，只有中国生产迷你型全自动洗衣机，因为在其他国家，由于有对能源和水的使用要求，他们有相关规定迫使制造商生产更大的洗衣机。如果你想了解相关的情况，最好查看一个单独的产品类别。
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Anonymous
We’re beating a dead horse with this “why make stuff in China and not other places “ questions … my goodness it’s been asked and answered quite feverishly for decades now.
First is to understand how manufacturing works, and to a greater extent, how different economies work.
Then, Look at the strengths and weaknesses of China’s manufacturing shill and then look at the strengths and weaknesses of the other countries manufacturing game.
It is a lot more than cheap costs.
If you still don’t get it, then there’s no hope for you.

“为什么要在中国制造东西而不是在其他地方制造东西”的问题让我们大吃一惊……我的天哪，几十年来人们一直在狂热地提问和回答这个问题。
首先我们要了解制造业是如何运作的，以及在更大程度上不同的经济体是如何运作的。
然后，看看中国制造业的强项和弱项，再看看其他国家制造业的强项和弱项。
制造业不仅仅在于便宜的成本。
如果你还不明白，那你就没救了。

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Shing Chan, BSc Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (1988)，Lives in The United Kingdom1974–present
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
The made in China label is actually a misnomer.
An Iphone has components and software made all over the world. Some components come from China but they also come from Korea, the USA, Japan, Germany and other countries.
Its final assembly is in China and it gets the made in China label. Similarly, if something has the made in USA label, such as a pair of jeans, there is a good chance the denim comes from India or Pakistan, the zip from China, the thread from the USA and the final assembly in the USA.

“中国制造”的说法实际上是用词不当。
一台iphone的零件和软件来自全球各地。一些零件来自中国，但也有很多来自韩国、美国、日本、德国和其他国家。
它的总装是在中国完成的，所以它贴上了中国制造的标签。同样地，如果某件东西有“美国制造”的标签，比如一条牛仔裤，那么其面料很有可能来自印度或巴基斯坦，拉链来自中国，线来自美国，最后在美国完成缝制。

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Beng Lee, former Retired specialist
Originally Answered: Why is "made in China" still dominating the whole world? Why can't stuff be made in other countries?
China has the following:
1 A large hardworking and intelligent work force.
2. A large pool of STEM graduates
3 A stable political system.
4 A smart leadership that think ahead about planning for the longer term.
5. Great infrastructures.
Any country that has the above can equally excell.

因为中国有以下特点：
有一支吃苦耐劳、聪明熟练的劳动大军
有一大批STEM毕业生
有稳定的政治制度
有一个聪明的领导团体，能提前考虑并长远规划
基础设施更好
任何一个具备上述条件的国家都同样可以出类拔萃。

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