认为休闲是浪费时光的人，幸福感可能会降低，压力和抑郁可能会加剧
Feeling like leisure is wasteful and unproductive may lead to less happiness and higher levels of stress and depression, new research suggests (Four studies, n = 1310)
译文简介
一项新研究表明，认为休闲是浪费时光和无意义的人，幸福感可能会降低，压力和抑郁可能会加剧。
正文翻译
Feeling like leisure is wasteful and unproductive may lead to less happiness and higher levels of stress and depression, new research suggests.
“There is plenty of research which suggests that leisure has mental health benefits and that it can make us more productive and less stressed,” Malkoc said.
“But we find that if people start to believe that leisure is wasteful, they may end up being more depressed and more stressed.”
一项新研究表明，认为休闲是浪费时光和无意义的人，幸福感可能会降低，压力和抑郁可能会加剧。
马尔科克教授说:“大量研究表明，休闲对心理健康有益，使我们工作效率更高，压力更小。”
“但我们发现，如果人们开始相信休闲等于浪费时光，那么他们最终可能会更抑郁、压力更大。
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I live somewhere where free time and leisure is highly valued. So that makes me wonder if people in different countries / cultures view leisure differently.
Edit: I live in Norway
我住的地方很重视自由和休闲时间。我想知道不同国家/文化的人对休闲的看法是否不同。
附注:我住在挪威
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I once talked to lawyer living in New York, working 80 hours every single week. So I checked how many hours lawyers in Norway work; 39 hours. (Normal working week for the vast majority of workers is 37,5 hours)
我曾经和一个住在纽约的律师谈过，他每周工作80个小时。所以我查了一下挪威律师的工作时长：39小时。(绝大多数挪威工人一周正常工作时长为37.5小时)
There are possibly very large differences between lawyer types. As far as I know the Dutch have on average very low working hours even for Europe
不同类型的律师之间可能存在很大差异。据我所知，即使在欧洲，荷兰人的平均工作时间也很短。
full-time lawyers work 49.6 hours each week" Source
I asked the New York lawyer if it was worth it. And he said yes, because the money was so good.
美国全职律师平均每周工作49.6小时
我问纽约律师这样做值不值得。他说值得，因为给的钱太多了。
But when do they spend it
但是他们什么时候花呢
Money is good, but after certain point what's the point if you basically live at your workplace?
钱是好的，但如果你的工作场所就是你生活的全部，那还有什么意义呢?
Exactly and when do you even have the time to spend it and enjoy it?
没错，你什么时候有时间去享受生活呢?
In Norway you qualify for all the benefits, even as a part time worker:
5 weeks paid time off per year
full healthcare coverage
paid (short term and long term) sick leave, including when your child is sick.
paid maternity leave
The only benefit you might loose is paid overtime, as that usually only is paid out when you work more than 37,5 hours in a week.
在挪威，你有资格享受所有的福利，即使是兼职工作者:
每年5周的带薪假期
完整的医疗保险
带薪病假(短期和长期)，当你的孩子生病时也可以请带薪假。
带薪产假
你唯一可能失去的福利是加班费，因为只有当你一周工作超过37.5小时时才会得到加班费。
Still blows my mind that people argue against all of these things in America. We literally can see from example in european countries that it's fully possible to have a high quality of life for workers.
Meanwhile the powers that be in america are confused about why "people don't want to work".
Pro tip for american legislators and employers: When working always directly leads to being able to have a good life, people will want to work. It's not the people's fault if you aren't providing that opportunity for everyone.
在美国，人们反对这些东西，这让我感到震惊。我们可以从欧洲国家看到，工人完全有可能拥有高质量的生活。
与此同时，美国的当权者对为什么“人们不想工作”感到困惑。
给美国立法者和雇主的建议:当工作能为人们带来好生活时，人们就会想要工作。如果你没有为每个人提供这样的机会，那么就不是民众的错。
Think about the economy too, the more time off = more time to travel and spend money and enjoy those things they buy = more money back in to the economy.
考虑到经济状况，休假时间越长=每个人有更多的时间去旅游、花钱和享受他们购买的东西=每个人又能赚到更多的钱。
Gosh, despite the fact that I know about the disparity between the US and other nations, sometimes I am still dumbstruck when hearing a descxtion of the benefits you folks have compared to the ones we do.
天啊，尽管我知道美国和其他国家之间存在差距，但当我听到你们讲述自己享受的好处，并与我们相比时，我还是惊呆了。
We on the other hand are wondering why Americans are not marching the streets protesting the lack of basic benefits. The US has a similar level of wealth, so affording it shouldn't be a problem.
我们想知道为什么美国人不走上街头抗议基本福利的缺失。美国也有同样的财富规模，所以负担基本福利应该还是不成问题的。
Whats the tax rate?
挪威的税率是多少?
High.
I believe the average worker pays about half of their salary to the government. (Income tax + VAT). But most people feel they get it all back: free university, full healthcare coverage, paid maternity leave, paid sick leave, free elderly care.. and so on. So the only large costs of living is your house and car. So you won't really find people saving up money for their children's university, or for large hospital bills.
很高
一般工人工资的一半都要上交政府。(所得税+增值税)。但大多数人都得到了:免费大学，全面医疗保险，带薪产假，带薪病假，免费老年护理等等。所以唯一的生活成本就是你的房子和车。所以你不会发现，挪威人不会为他们孩子的大学或医院账单存钱。
Is healthcare coverage tied to your employment?
医疗保险与你的工作有关吗?
No. But I put in there as all workers have full healthcare coverage too.
没有。所有工人都有完整的医疗保险。带薪病假也与工作无关。
Norway has the advantage of having a relatively small population and being rich off of oil. I'm not sure this model necessarily applies elsewhere
挪威的优势是人口相对较少，而且石油资源丰富。我不确定这种模式是否一定适用于其他地方
I live in the US midwest and have worked for a handful of big corporations here in IT. Even they all had different views of leisure, work responsibility, and company culture.
My last job expected you to be available until the boss stopped working. Which she always worked late.
我住在美国中西部，在这里的几家IT大公司工作过。这些公司对休闲、工作责任和公司文化的看法也各不相同。
我之前工作的公司，要求你在老板下班前一直在岗。而老板总是工作到很晚。
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From what I read on the internet, the Japanese actively due leisure time and shame workers who somehow get any. There is a reason why they work so many hours and still have terrible productivity.
从我在网上读到的信息来看，日本人很不重视休闲时间，并以休闲放松为耻。这就是为什么他们的工作时间这么长，但生产效率仍然很低的原因。
We tend to see people working a lot of overtime as someone neglecting their family, or someone without much of a social life at all. Differences in culture is an interesting thing.
我们挪威人倾向于把经常加班的人看作是忽视家庭，或者是完全没有社交生活的人。文化差异是一件有趣的事情。
Do most people have the necessary money to afford a decent living/lifestyle?
I.e. Go on fun vacations a few times a year, have a nice house that comfortably suits a family of 4, have semi decent cars, buy cool gadgets when they want them etc?
大多数挪威人有足够的钱过上体面的生活吗?
也就是说，一年有几次有趣的假期，有一个适合一个四口之家的舒适好房子，有一辆像样的车，需要时可以买些想要的玩意等等?
Yes. What is interesting is that if you compare our salaries to for instance the US we have less extremes - on both sides.asurgeon earns maybe just half compared to a US one. (An average US surgeon actually earns about the same salary as the Norwegian prime minister). When you earn under a certain level you have the right to, by law, housing benefits. (Hence why you will never find homeless families living in their camper or a motel because they no longer can afford renting a home).
Another thing is that we have few stay at home mums. So two people working fewer hours, instead of one parent working 60-70 hours per week, and the other one staying at home. Many mothers work part time, but very few don't work at all.
There is still poverty, but less extreme. And the poorest might be single parents on disability for instance. But the social benefits are still enough for them to live comfortably enough. But they might not go on holidays aboard.
是的。但有趣的是，如果你把我们的工资与美国的工资进行比较，我们的工资其实并不高——挪威一名外科医生的收入可能只有美国医生的一半。(美国外科医生的平均收入实际上与挪威首相相当)。但当你的收入低于一定水平时，根据法律，你有权获得住房福利。(这就是为什么你永远不会发现住在房车或汽车旅馆里的无家可归的挪威家庭。
另一件事是我们的妈妈很少呆在家里。所以父母两个人工作的时间更少，而不是一方每周工作60-70个小时，另一方呆在家里。许多母亲做兼职工作，但很少有人不工作。
贫穷仍然存在，但没有那么极端。最穷的可能是残疾的单亲父母。但是社会福利仍然足以让他们过上舒适的生活。只是他们可能无法进出国度假。
As a fellow Norwegian I would definitely say yes. At least as far as I know, most Norwegians do have a salary that allows them to live quite comfortably, purchase whatever gadgets they desire. In the bigger cities, public transport is good and use of it is incentivized. Cars in Norway is pretty expensive and the average age of cars is about 10 years, according to the latest statistics. Norwegians are also crazy about travelling and love going on vacations, especially visiting other European cities.
作为一个挪威人，我会说是的。至少据我所知，大多数挪威人都有一份可以让他们生活得相当舒适的薪水，可以购买他们想要的任何玩意。在更大的城市，公共交通很好，使用公共交通是有奖励的。根据最新的统计数据，挪威的汽车非常昂贵，汽车的平均使用年限在10年左右。挪威人也热衷于旅游和度假，尤其是去欧洲其他城市旅游。
In Spain people usually take a minimum of 4 (paid) weeks off, and lots of folks will take as much as 6 (paid) weeks off. Plus a lot of holidays. But don't be mistaken, overtime is very common, too. 45-50 hour weeks are so common
在西班牙，人们通常会休至少4周的带薪假，很多人甚至会休多达6周的带薪假。还有许多节日。但是不要误会，加班也是很常见的。每周工作45-50个小时是很常见的
I’m in the US and productivity is practically worshipped here. There’s a whole thing called “hustle culture” that’s pushed on young people, encouraging them to work multiple jobs, and brag about how little time they take for themselves.
I didn’t realize how bad it really was until I became disabled about 6 years ago. Since then, I’ve learned just how little value people like me have in US society. If you’re not able to be productive, your worth is automatically lesser.
I still haven’t even been able to get approved for Disability, despite paying into the system for 15 years. I HATE IT HERE!!
我在美国，这里崇拜生产力。现在有一种被称为“忙碌文化”的东西压在年轻人身上，鼓励他们做多份工作，并吹嘘自己的休闲时间很少。
直到6年前我成为残疾人，我才意识到这种文化有多糟糕。从那以后，我明白了像我这样的人在美国社会的价值是多么的渺小。如果你的生产力不高，那么你的价值就会降低。
尽管我已经向医疗系统支付了15年的费用，但我还是没能获得残障保险的批准。我讨厌这里!!
I'm sorry to hear that. How are you able to cover your living expenses at the moment?
听到这个消息我很难过。你目前如何解决你的生活费用?
My father has to help me. It’s been a really rough road.
我父亲不得不帮助我。这是一条非常艰难的路。
You are blessed to have family that can help. I hope your disability goes through eventually!
你很幸运有家人可以帮助你。希望你的残疾最终能够康复!
I really am! If it weren’t for them, I would have been homeless years ago, and probably would have died from not being able to afford my medications.
是的!如果没有他们，我几年前就会无家可归，可能还会因为付不起药费而死去。
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I work til 7:30PM :( I wish I lived in Norway
我工作到晚上7:30:(我真希望我住在挪威
Japan has people who die from overworked. This coined the term Karoshi.
America won’t overwork you but if you want any recognition, you’ll need to be
China has 996. 9am to 9pm, 6 days a week.
日本不断有人死于过度工作。于是创造了“过劳死”这个词。
美国虽然规定不能过度工作，但如果你想要得到认可，就得努力工作
中国有996。早上9点到晚上9点，一周6天。
You spend time being productive so I can spend mine however I want. Also you're never done. There's always work.
your employer. Now you work.
你的雇主：你把时间花在工作上，这样我就可以随心所欲地休闲。而且你将永远工作下去。
现在快去工作吧。
I’ve finally de-programmed myself from feeling guilty for taking time off.
I’m still trying to find the right balance but I definitely don’t feel guilty for using my PTO at work. But it helps that I work for a company that encourages people to use their time off and comes down hard on supervisors who try and make people feel guilty about it. I’m very grateful for this.
我终于不再为休假而感到内疚了。
我仍在努力寻找工作与休假的正确平衡，但我绝对不会因为在工作中带薪休假而感到内疚。我所在的公司鼓励人们使用休假时间，并严厉批评那些试图让员工为此感到内疚的主管。我对此非常感激。
Leisure is seen as a waste of time This is the US.
休闲被认为是浪费时间。这是美国。
Does Norway need any civil engineers...
挪威需要土木工程师吗?
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In Korea, I saw the opposite and stayed until about seven pm. The manager then made the local staff stay out drinking with us until 2 am as "team building."
在韩国，我看到了相反的情况，我一直呆到晚上7点左右，然后韩国经理让韩国员工和我们一起喝酒到凌晨2点，这是“团队建设”的一部分。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
One one end you have places like Japan where work culture says you must arrive before your boss and leave after him. People work 20 hour days. Some just sleep under their desks.
在日本这样的地方，工作文化要求你必须在老板来之前到，在他走之后离开。人们每天工作20个小时。有些人几乎就睡在桌子下面。
People in the Netherlands actually work less hours than Norwegians. Crazy Dutch people.......
荷兰人的工作时间实际上比挪威人少。疯狂的荷兰人……
Scandinavian countries really are the best in the world.
斯堪的纳维亚国家确实是世界上最好的国家。
Grew up on an American dairy farm. If you aren’t working you are practically committing a crime. Lazy is the worst insult you can lob and rest is looked down on hard. We brag and argue about who’s gone the longest (in years) without a day off. It’s a workaholic culture.
我在美国的奶牛场长大。如果你不工作，你实际上就是在犯罪。懒惰是对你最大的侮辱，休息是对努力的贬低。我们吹嘘和争论谁没有一天休息，连续工作的时间最长。这本质上就是一种工作狂文化
As a New York business owner who works with a lot of european freelancers, I regularly joke with my cto about this.
Him: “The project is delayed again”
Me: “Another holiday, eh?”
作为一个和很多欧洲自由职业者一起工作的纽约企业主，我经常和我的cto开玩笑。
他:“项目又延期了。”
我:“又度假了，嗯?”
The only thing keeping me from being absurdly jealous is the insanely high alcohol taxes in Norway. Other than that, they beat the US where it counts on quality of life stuff.
唯一让我不那么嫉妒的是挪威高得离谱的酒税。除此之外，他们在生活质量方面打败了美国。
Just saw an insanely cute house in Norway for 1/10 the price of a home in the California neighborhood I live in. Middle of nowhere (summer cottage type) and it's right on a river and looks like a fairytale.
Anyway as for culture, yes, US culture doesn't value leisure. We like leisure here in California, but not in the US. I'm a leisurely guy and everyone is always mocking me for not working enough.Except everyone here proudly talks about how they work 16 hour days and stuff. Weird.
刚刚看到一套超可爱的挪威房子，价格是我在加州社区的十分之一。在一个偏僻的地方，就在河边，看起来像身处童话世界。
无论如何，就文化而言，是的，美国文化并不重视休闲。在加州，我们喜欢休闲，但就整个美国而言则不然。我是个悠闲的人，大家总是嘲笑我工作做得不够。除了加州，每个美国人都自豪地谈论他们是如何一天工作16个小时之类的。真奇怪。
16 hour days?? Crazy people......
一天工作16小时?疯狂……
I wouldn't say Californians work less than the rest of the US necessarily, because the tech and entertainment industries both can work long hours. But more that the mentality is quite leisure-focused. It's a more laid back attitude than most of the east coast has.
As for the 16 hour days, that's obviously not an average. But there are a lot of people in the aforementioned fields, and also in business (this is particularly true in Manhattan), who take overwork as a badge of pride. It's a very strange mentality.
我不会说加州人的工作时间一定比美国其他地方的人少，因为科技和娱乐行业的工作时间很长。但更重要的是，这里的心态重视休闲，是一种比东海岸大多数人更悠闲的态度。
至于每天16小时的工作时间，显然不是美国平均工作时长。但在上述行业和商界(在曼哈顿尤其如此)，有很多人把过度工作视为一种骄傲。这是一种非常奇怪的心态。
Lately my weekends are just stressing me out more because I feel like there’s always something that needs to get done, so taking a break and relaxing just makes me more anxious because I feel like I always need to be productive or else things will keep piling up. Wish I knew how to break this cycle It’s so bad that I’m getting ulcers from the stress and end up throwing up almost every weekend. I’m only 25 and I really don’t want this to be what the rest of my working life is like.
我最近在周末感到压力很大，因为我总觉得有一些事情需要完成，所以休息放松只会让我更焦虑，我总是觉得自己需要提高效率，否则事情会越积越多。我希望知道如何打破这个循环，压力太大以至于我得了溃疡，几乎每个周末都呕吐。我只有25岁，我真的不希望我的余生都是这样度过的。
My recommendation is to find a liesure activity that feels productive. Something that has an end product like writing, art, or a craft. It certainly helped me destress because I felt like I was still active not just watching tv or playing video games.
我的建议是找一个能给自己带来成果的休闲活动。比如写作、艺术或手工艺。它确实帮助我减压，因为我觉得我仍然在做事情，而不仅仅是看电视或玩电子游戏。
I agree with this, with the caveat that then you'll get people telling you that you should sell your arts/crafts or try to get published, and that can turn this "productive leisure" into another form of stress. The pressure to monetize everything is really crushing sometimes.
我同意这一点，但我警告你，别人可能会告诉你，你应该卖掉你的艺术品或工艺品，或者尝试出版小说，这可能会把这种“生产性休闲”变成另一种形式的压力。有时候，货币化的压力真的很沉重。
My mom instilled this in me. Get one thing productive done every single day. I have a love hate relationship with this ideology, but yesterday in a pit of depression I stayed home and streamed movies I've been wanting to see all day and watched 4 movies. Best I've felt in a long time.
每天做一件富有成效的事情，这是我妈妈灌输给我的观念。我对这种观念又爱又恨，昨天我情绪不太好，一整天呆在家里看我想看的电影，连着看了4部。这是我这么长时间以来感觉最好的一天。
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just the things you consider “productive” matter
learning python, playing piano, playing guitar, learning music theory, even taking a walk or going to a gym. all of the things that make you better. the work is the least valued thing for me, i do it to not starve and buy stuff.
只有那些你认为“有成效”的事情才是重要的
学习python，弹钢琴，弹吉他，学习音乐理论，散步或去健身房。所有这些都能让你变得更好。工作对我来说是最没有价值的事情，我这样做是为了不挨饿和买东西。
I’m a writer and I realized my writer’s block was coming directly from my own mindset; that I had to be creating the next best idea or I’m being lazy. My writer’s block went away when I stopped feeling guilty for going days without writing as I let my ideas ruminate and come to me organically— then I’d jot them down and keep ruminating.
我是一个作家，我意识到我的写作障碍来自于我自己的心态;我必须不断想出好点子，否则就是懒惰。当我不再为连续几天不写作而感到内疚时，我的写作障碍消失了，因为我可以反复在我的脑海中构想我的点子——然后把它们记下来，继续思考。
I have ADHD and have a hard time focusing on things I need to do but have no interest in. If I'm doing something I AM interested in, I can't stop and neglect everything else.
我有多动症，很难集中精力做我需要做但不感兴趣的事情。如果如果做自己感兴趣的事情，我就停不下来，并忽略其他一切事情。
One day a fisherman was lying on a beautiful beach, with his fishing pole propped up in the sand and his solitary line cast out into the sparkling blue surf. He was enjoying the warmth of the afternoon sun and the prospect of catching a fish.
About that time, a businessman came walking down the beach trying to relieve some of the stress of his workday. He noticed the fisherman sitting on the beach and decided to find out why this fisherman was fishing instead of working harder to make a living for himself and his family. “You aren’t going to catch many fish that way,” said the businessman. “You should be working rather than lying on the beach!”
The fisherman looked up at the businessman, smiled and replied, “And what will my reward be?”
“Well, you can get bigger nets and catch more fish!” was the businessman’s answer.
“And then what will my reward be?” asked the fisherman, still smiling.
The businessman replied, “You will make money and you’ll be able to buy a boat, which will then result in larger catches of fish!”
“And then what will my reward be?” asked the fisherman again.
The businessman was beginning to get a little irritated with the fisherman’s questions. “You can buy a bigger boat, and hire some people to work for you!” he said.
“And then what will my reward be?” repeated the fisherman.
The businessman was getting angry. “Don’t you understand? You can build up a fleet of fishing boats, sail all over the world, and let all your employees catch fish for you!”
Once again the fisherman asked, “And then what will my reward be?”
The businessman was red with rage and shouted at the fisherman, “Don’t you understand that you can become so rich that you will never have to work for your living again! You can spend all the rest of your days sitting on this beach, looking at the sunset. You won’t have a care in the world!”
The fisherman, still smiling, looked up and said, “And what do you think I’m doing right now?”
一天，一个渔夫躺在美丽的海滩上，他的鱼竿支在沙滩上，一根孤零零的鱼线抛向波光粼粼的蓝色海面。他享受着午后温暖的阳光，憧憬着能钓到一条鱼。
这时，一个商人沿着海滩散步，试图缓解他的工作压力。他注意到躺在海滩上的渔夫，于是决定弄清楚这个渔夫为什么不努力工作来养活自己和家人。
“你这样钓不到多少鱼，”商人说。“你应该工作而不是躺在沙滩上!”
渔夫抬头看着商人，笑着回答:“那我能得到什么呢?”
“嗯，你可以用赚来的钱买更大的网捞到更多的鱼!”商人回答道。
“那么我能得到什么呢?”渔夫微笑着问。
商人回答说:“你会赚到很多钱，然后你就能买一条船，这样你就能捕到更多的鱼!”
“那么我能得到什么呢?”渔夫又问。
商人开始对渔夫的问题有点恼火了。“你可以买一艘更大的船，雇一些人为你工作!””他说。
“那么我能得到什么呢?”渔夫继续重复了一遍。
商人很生气。“你不明白吗?你可以建立一个船队，航行到世界各地，让你所有的员工为你捕鱼!”
渔夫又问:“那么我将能得到什么呢?”
商人气得满脸通红，对渔夫喊道:“难道你不明白，你可以变得很有钱，再也不用为生活而工作。你以后的日子都可以坐在这海滩上，看日落。你不会有什么烦恼!”
渔夫仍然笑着，抬起头说:“你知道我现在在做什么吗?”
the fisherman is already independently wealthy and doesn’t need to work.
这个故事告诉我们，这个渔夫已经实现了财富自由，自然不需要工作。
If you're working 2 jobs to keep your family fed and housed damn right you'd think leisure is wasteful or even sinful. Especially if you look at your peers who don't work as hard and seeing them constantly struggle and ask for help while you take care of yourself and don't need help.
如果你需要同时做两份工作来维持你家庭开销，你会认为休闲是浪费甚至是罪恶的。尤其是当你看到那些工作不那么努力的同事，看到他们在生活中不断挣扎并寻求帮助，而你可以自己照顾自己，不需要帮助的时候。
reminds me of a quote from a therapist I saw the other day, “sure therapy is helpful but what most of my clients really need is money”
这让我想起了我心理治疗师前几天的一句话，“治疗当然是有帮助的，但我大多数客户真正需要的是钱。”