Analysis of ancient DNA found in Finland has unveiled a surprise a century later – the remains of an early medi warrior thought to be female may have been nonbinary.

对在芬兰发现的古代DNA的分析在一个世纪之后揭示了一个惊喜--被认为是女性的中世纪早期战士的遗骸可能是非二元的。

The new findings challenge previous ideas about gender roles and expression and suggest that nonbinary people were valued and respected members of their communities, researchers concluded in their study, published in the peer-reviewed European Journal of Archaeology,

研究人员在发表于同行评议的《欧洲考古学杂志》上的研究报告中总结说，这些新发现挑战了以前关于性别角色和表达方式的想法，并表明非二元人是其社区中受重视和尊重的成员。
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The findings are a reminder that "biology does not directly dictate a person's self-identity," said Ulla Moilanen, the study's lead author and an archaeologist at Finland's University of Turku.

该研究的主要作者、芬兰图尔库大学的考古学家Ulla Moilanen说，这些发现提醒我们，"生物学并不能直接决定一个人的自我身份"。

Archaeologists first discovered the grave in 1968. Located in Suontaka Vesitorninmäki, southern Finland, the remains were buried alongside a sword and jewelry such as brooches and found in fragments of woolen clothes — which were "a typical feminine costume of the era," the researchers said.

考古学家在1968年首次发现了这个坟墓。遗体位于芬兰南部的Suontaka Vesitorninmäki，与一把剑和胸针等珠宝一起被埋葬，并在羊毛衣服的碎片中被发现--这是 "那个时代的典型女性服装"，研究人员说。

But the use of DNA analysis decades later found chromosomes that didn't match what's expected for males or females. The researchers — based in Finland and Germany — concluded that the buried person likely had Klinefelter syndrome and was anatomically male.

但几十年后使用DNA分析发现，染色体与男性或女性的预期不一致。研究人员--总部设在芬兰和德国--得出结论，被埋葬的人很可能患有克利内费尔特综合症，在解剖学上是男性。
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Females are typically born with two X chromosomes (XX) and males are born with one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Males born with Klinefelter syndrome are born with an extra X chromosome (XXY), according to the United Kingdom's National Health Service.

女性通常出生时有两条X染色体（XX），男性出生时有一条X和一条Y染色体（XY）。根据英国国家卫生局的资料，患有克里内费尔特综合症的男性生来就有一条额外的X染色体（XXY）。

The syndrome affects about 1 in 660 males. Those with Klinefelter may have low levels of testosterone, a smaller penis, undescended testes, enlarged breasts and infertility. Many people aren't diagnosed until they are older and test their fertility levels; others are never diagnosed.

该综合征影响到大约1/660的男性。克里内费尔特患者可能有低水平的睾丸激素，阴茎较小，睾丸未降，乳房增大和不孕。许多人在年老时才被诊断出来，并测试他们的生育水平；其他人则从未被诊断出来。

In their findings, the researchers noted that the remains were "badly damaged" and that they only had a small sample to test. But through the use of modeling, they said they "found overwhelming evidence that the genetic data of the Suontaka individual most closely resemble an XXY karyotype."

在他们的研究结果中，研究人员指出，这些遗骸被 "严重损坏"，而且他们只有一个小的样本可以测试。但是，通过使用模型，他们说他们 "发现了压倒性的证据，即Suontaka个人的遗传数据最接近于XXY核型"。

The honorable way the warrior was buried led researchers to conclude that the remains were of "a respected person whose gender identity may well have been non-binary."

战士的光荣埋葬方式使研究人员得出结论，遗体是 "一个受人尊敬的人，其性别认同很可能是非二进制的"。

"If the characteristics of the Klinefelter syndrome have been evident on the person, they might not have been considered strictly a female or a male in the Early Middle Ages community," Moilanen said. "The abundant collection of obxts buried in the grave is proof that the person was not only accepted but also valued and respected."

"Moilanen说："如果这个人身上有明显的克莱内菲尔特综合症的特征，那么在中世纪早期的社区中，他们可能不会被认为是严格的女性或男性。"埋在坟墓里的大量物品证明这个人不仅被接受，而且受到重视和尊重"。

The new research indicates that even in an "ultra-masculine environment of early medi Scandinavia" where men with "feminine social roles and [who] dressed in feminine clothing were disrespected and considered shameful," there may have been individuals who did not fit gender norms and were still admired, the researchers concluded.

新的研究表明，即使在 "中世纪早期斯堪的纳维亚半岛的极端男性化环境 "中，具有 "女性社会角色和[那些]穿着女性服装的男人不被尊重并被认为是可耻的"，也可能有一些不符合性别规范的人仍然被钦佩，研究人员总结道。

Other archaeologists and historians not involved in these new findings told Livescience they found the work exciting, as it calls attention to conversations surrounding gender, bodies and identity.

其他没有参与这些新发现的考古学家和历史学家告诉Livescience，他们认为这项工作令人振奋，因为它呼吁关注围绕性别、身体和身份的对话。

"It is a well-researched study of an interesting burial," said Leszek Gardela, a researcher at the National Museum of Denmark. "It demonstrates that early medi societies had very nuanced approaches to and understandings of gender identities."

"丹麦国家博物馆的研究员Leszek Gardela说："这是对一个有趣的墓葬进行的精心研究。"它表明，中世纪早期社会对性别身份有非常细微的处理和理解。