拥有特权背景的富有/成功人士,经常将自己的出身篡改为工人阶级，打造一个“白手起家”的人设，将自己的成就归于努力工作和坚持不懈，而不是社会阶层和代际财富传承。
Wealthy, successful people from privileged backgrounds often misrepresent their origins as working-class in order to tell a ‘rags to riches’ story resulting from hard work and perseverance, rather than social position and intergenerational wealth.
译文简介
尽管我们的社会文化认为，只要足够努力，任何人都能成功，但无论他们在简历上列出了什么成就，他们成长的社会阶层已经在很大程度上决定了他们能获得的工作类型(和薪水)。”
正文翻译
Harry-le-Roy
While not surprising, this is an interesting studies that find that applicants are less likely to be contacted for an interview, if their resume has indicators of a working class upbringing.
we sent fictitious resumes to 316 offices of 147 top law firms in 14 cities, from candidates who were supposedly trying to land a summer internship position. All applicants were in the top 1% of their class and were on law review, but came from second-tier law schools. This was important because graduates from the most elite law schools (e.g., Harvard and Yale) are typically recruited on-campus. But law school students from second-tier schools must compete for coveted internship positions by sending in their resumes directly to firms in hopes of attracting employers’ attention by virtue of their C.V.s.
这个调查结果并不令人感到惊讶，有一个关于简历的有趣研究发现，如果应聘者的简历表明他们是工人阶级出身，他们就不太可能被联系安排面试。你们可以看看这篇文章。
“我们向14个城市，147家顶级律师事务所，316家办公室发送了假简历。所有假简历的虚构申请人，都是班上排名前1%的学生，就读法律评论专业，但都来自二线法学院。
最顶尖的法学院(如哈佛和耶鲁)的毕业生通常都会获得校园招聘机会。但来自二线学校的法学生必须直接向公司投递简历来竞争梦寐以求的实习职位，所以需要简历吸引雇主的注意。”
Directly indicating a parent’s occupation or income on a resume might be strange for an employer to see, so we signaled social class position via accepted and often required portions of resumes: awards and extracurricular activities.
For example, our higher class candidate pursued traditionally upper-class hobbies and sports, such sailing, polo, and classical music, while the lower-class candidate participated in activities with lower financial barriers to entry (e.g., pick-up soccer, track and field team) and those distinctly rejected by higher-class individuals (e.g., country music). But crucially, all educational, academic, and work-related achievements were identical between our four fictitious candidates.
Even though all educational and work-related histories were the same, employers overwhelmingly favored the higher-class man. He had a callback rate more than four times of other applicants and received more invitations to interview than all other applicants in our study combined.
Our findings confirm that, despite our national myth that anyone can make it if they work hard enough, the social class people grow up in greatly shapes the types of jobs (and salaries) they can attain, regardless of the achievements listed on their resumes.
“因为在简历上直接明写父母的职业或收入可能会让雇主感到奇怪，所以我们通过侧面暗示来表明申请者的社会阶层:比如得奖经历和课外活动。
例如，我们的高层申请者追求上流社会的传统爱好运动，如帆船、马球和古典音乐，而低层申请者参加的活动，则是经济准入门槛较低的(业余足球、田径队)和那些被高层人士拒绝的活动(例如乡村音乐)。但重要的是，我们四个虚构的申请人在教育、学术和工作方面的成就都是一样的。
尽管所有人的教育背景和工作经历都是一样的，但雇主们压倒性地倾向于更有社会地位的人。
高层申请者得到的回复是其他申请者的四倍多，收到的面试邀请也比我们研究中所有其他虚构申请者的总和还要多。
我们的研究结果证实，尽管我们的社会文化认为，只要足够努力，任何人都能成功，但无论他们在简历上列出了什么成就，他们成长的社会阶层已经在很大程度上决定了他们能获得的工作类型(和薪水)。”
For example, our higher class candidate pursued traditionally upper-class hobbies and sports, such sailing, polo, and classical music, while the lower-class candidate participated in activities with lower financial barriers to entry (e.g., pick-up soccer, track and field team) and those distinctly rejected by higher-class individuals (e.g., country music). But crucially, all educational, academic, and work-related achievements were identical between our four fictitious candidates.
Even though all educational and work-related histories were the same, employers overwhelmingly favored the higher-class man. He had a callback rate more than four times of other applicants and received more invitations to interview than all other applicants in our study combined.
Our findings confirm that, despite our national myth that anyone can make it if they work hard enough, the social class people grow up in greatly shapes the types of jobs (and salaries) they can attain, regardless of the achievements listed on their resumes.
“因为在简历上直接明写父母的职业或收入可能会让雇主感到奇怪，所以我们通过侧面暗示来表明申请者的社会阶层:比如得奖经历和课外活动。
例如，我们的高层申请者追求上流社会的传统爱好运动，如帆船、马球和古典音乐，而低层申请者参加的活动，则是经济准入门槛较低的(业余足球、田径队)和那些被高层人士拒绝的活动(例如乡村音乐)。但重要的是，我们四个虚构的申请人在教育、学术和工作方面的成就都是一样的。
尽管所有人的教育背景和工作经历都是一样的，但雇主们压倒性地倾向于更有社会地位的人。
高层申请者得到的回复是其他申请者的四倍多，收到的面试邀请也比我们研究中所有其他虚构申请者的总和还要多。
我们的研究结果证实，尽管我们的社会文化认为，只要足够努力，任何人都能成功，但无论他们在简历上列出了什么成就，他们成长的社会阶层已经在很大程度上决定了他们能获得的工作类型(和薪水)。”
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Just from personal experience, a lack of volunteer work. It’s a lot easier to volunteer places when you don’t need to go wash dishes in a restaurant after school. but when you’re focused on having to provide for yourself as a youngster, volunteer work isn’t a top priority.
就个人经验而言，低层申请者的简历上缺乏志愿者工作经历。当你放学后不需要去餐馆洗碗的时候，自然可以做些志愿者工作。但当你作为一个（贫穷的）年轻人，需要集中精力养活自己的时候，就很难兼顾志愿者工作。
Wholesome2
I thought the whole point of requiring internships and volunteering was to weed out poor applicants
我认为，雇主要求实习和志愿服务的全部意义，就是为了淘汰贫穷的申请者。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I moved to NYC out of school and looked at the openings of a nonprofit and thought, "one year non-paid internship? Good luck finding someone to fill that". Then I learned what a trust fund is...
我刚出学校搬到纽约，看到一家非营利机构有空缺职位，条件是一年无薪实习?我当时心想：“你能招到人才怪。”后来我才了解了什么是信托基金……
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Wholesome
Exactly. And the trust fund kid will use that experience to prove what a fine upstanding citizen they are in every job interview from now on, which gives them an edge over the poor student who had to wash dishes to survive.
完全正确。以后每次面试，信托基金的实习者都会用这段经历来证明，他们是多么优秀正直的公民，这让他们比那些靠洗碗为生的穷学生有了优势。
People tend to judge their wealth relative to those around them, and they also tend to overestimate others wealth.
That being said, if you look at a visualization of the highest paid CEOs, people who came from true poverty are pretty few and far between.
人们倾向于根据周围的人来判断自己的财富，也倾向于高估他人的财富。
话虽如此，如果你看一看那些站在收入顶端的CEO们，你会发现真正穷人出身的非常少。
As someone once said- “I didn’t know I was poor until I moved out of my neighborhood.”
正如一句老话:“直到我离开我的社区（阶层），我才知道我有多穷。”
I grew up and people called me the rich kid. It was always confusing to me because my father worked for people much wealthier than us. We would get invited to barbecues at his colleagues houses and they were always nicer than ours. It always felt like we were normal and the people above us were rich. Looking back I can see that I grew up extremely privileged. It was just hard to see at the time.
我从小到大被周围人称作富二代。我一直很困惑，因为我父亲为比我家富得多的人工作。我们有时会被邀请到他的同事家里吃烧烤，他们家的条件基本都比我家好。我们总是觉得自己是普通家庭，而我们上面的人很有钱。现在回顾过去，我发现我是在极其优越的环境中长大的。只是当时很难看清这一点。
One of my daughters friends came over one day and said that we were rich because we had food in the fridge.
一天，我女儿的一个朋友过来对我说，我们家很富有，因为冰箱里有食物。
I learned in second grade I was rich when I got so much stuff for xmas, I went to school the next day and had to lie about how many presents I got because most kids only got one thing all day. I opened up presents for about 8 hours and had thousands of dollars worth of stuff.
我在二年级的时候就知道我很富有，因为我在圣诞节收到了很多礼物，我第二天去上学时不得不隐瞒收到了多少礼物，因为大多数孩子只收到了一件礼物。而我花了大约8个小时拆礼物，里面有价值数千美元的东西。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
8 hours? You must have been savoring those unwrappings. My siblings and I tore in like hyenas
8个小时？你一定很享受打开包装的过程。我和我兄弟姐妹们拆包装的样子像鬣狗捕食。
A block of presents in the morning with my parents, travel to chicago to my grandmas, another round of presents, family pictures, more presents, food, more presents, etc... Presents literally stacked to the ceiling. My aunt in 08 bought a new house and when she hosted xmas that year filled a whole room to the ceiling with presents.
Back then (as a kid in the 90s) it was just me, my sister, my brother, and my 3 cousins. That was it, just the six of us, so we were spoiled rotten until 2003 when my cousin Melissa came along. Then it was just 7 of us .my grandma buys me some fancy designer clothes b/c she likes buying fancy mens clothes and I'm the only one skinny enough to wear them.
我早上从父母那里收到一大堆礼物，然后去芝加哥看望奶奶，收到一堆礼物，和亲戚们拍全家福，收到一堆礼物，然后是聚餐，又是一堆礼物……最后礼物快堆到了天花板。我姑姑在08年买了一套新房子，那年我在她那里过圣诞节时，礼物堆得满屋子都是。
那时候家族里的小孩，只有我(我90后)、我姐姐、哥哥和我的三个堂兄妹。只有我们六个人，所以我们被宠坏了，2003年我的表妹梅丽莎出生，但依然只有7个人。我奶奶喜欢给我买名牌高档男装，因为我是唯一一个瘦到可以穿这些衣服的人。
For Americans, most everyone, including the poor and rich, describe themselves as middle class.
几乎每个美国人，包括穷人和富人，都喜欢把自己称为中产阶级。
It makes a lot of sense. Rich parents tend to make rich kids, but nobody likes a rich kid so they manufacture a “I pulled myself up by my Prada bootstraps!” story.
这很有道理。有钱的父母往往会生出有钱的孩子，但普通大众没人喜欢有钱的孩子，所以他们就会讲些“白手起家”之类的故事。
A rags to riches story is more attractive than having been brought up coddled.
白手起家的故事比被溺爱长大的故事更有吸引力。
There's a lot of animosity to people that are born into wealth so it's not surprising some would try and play that down
人们对出生在富裕家庭的人有很多敌意，所以一些人试图淡化这一点也不奇怪
I am a first in my family to go to law school (or any professional program really). My parents worked menial government jobs at a modest salary. Law school was full of individuals who claimed middle class yet were driving $70,000 vehicles to university. Or multiple trips to Europe or abroad generally. Or staying at their parents condo which was vacant. So yes, the headline is correct here.
我是家里第一个上法学院的人。我的父母在政府基层工作，薪水很低。法学院里满是自称中产阶级却开着价值7万美元的车上大学。或者经常去欧洲或国外旅行的人。或者住在他们父母为其购买的公寓里。所以是的，标题是正确的。
If someone refers to themselves as middle class, they’re either working class or wealthy, and it’s usually obvious which.
For some reason the ppl I gauged to actually be middle class never pointed it out.
I’ve been out and about and watched very wealthy men unironically refer to themselves as middle class.
The drive to not acknowledge privilege is just as strong as the drive to hide you’re poor .
如果有人称自己为中产阶级，他们要么是工人阶级，要么是富人。
出于某些原因，那些实际上是中产阶级的人从不说自己是中产阶级。
我看到非常富有的人毫不羞愧地称自己为中产阶级。
上层阶级不承认自己特权的动机，和底层阶级隐藏自己贫穷的动机一样强烈。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
working class is often part of the middle class. Historically it wasn't even about how much you made but what kind of job you had. So it isn't surprising that people have different perspectives on what socio economic class they were part of growing up.
工人阶级通常是中产阶级的一部分。从历史上看，重要的甚至不是你赚了多少钱，而是你做什么样的工作。因此，人们对于自己成长过程中所处的社会经济阶层有着不同的看法，这并不奇怪。
The working class is generally referring to people above the poverty line and below median income. In some philosophical sense, sure, the middle class is part of the "working class" but in practice we all know they're not the same.
工人阶级一般是指生活在贫困线以上和收入中位数以下的人。在某种意义上，中产阶级当然是“工人阶级”的一部分，但在实践中，我们都知道两者不一样。
The concept of working class vs middle class is generally inspired by Marx and the difference is usually that the working class (Proletariat) owns no (income or equity-generating) property and relies on selling their labor for a living, while the middle class (Petit Bourgeoisie) might still have to work but their higher wages allow them to own property, or they might own their own means of production like a shop owner. It's not clear cut and class interests vary based on material conditions, In states like the US, Canada and Australia, many "workers" own some sort of property, which changes their class interests.
工人阶级和中产阶级的概念通常引用自马克思的定义，区别在于工人阶级(无产阶级)通常不拥有(收入或股权产生的)财产，依靠出卖劳动力谋生，而中产阶级(小资产阶级)可能仍然需要工作，但他们较高的工资允许他们拥有财产，或者他们可能像店主一样拥有自己的生产资料。阶级利益因物质条件的不同而不同。在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家，许多“工人”拥有各种形式的财产，他们的阶级利益已经发生了改变。
I personally only realised my privileged upbringing when I found out how lusciously rich some people at my school where (school I went to when I was 12 years+). There were nobles, children from one of the richest people in Germany (where I live) and besides them I looked really poor with my parents both having an academic background (professor and teacher), but in reality my family is like in the top 5% of Germany by income.
当我发现我学校(我12岁后就读的学校)里有些人是多么的富有时，我才意识到我优越的成长环境。那些学生都是贵族背景，是德国最富有的那一群人的孩子，除此之外，虽然我看起来很穷，我的父母都有学术背景(教授和老师)，但实际上，我的家庭收入在德国能排前5%。
I grew up working class - not destitute, but not secure by any means. Lights got shut off a few times, we weren’t allowed to the door or the phone in case it was a bill collector, etc. I ended up going to a fairly elite college, while my sister went to the local state university. She still claims we grew up middle class and every time she says it I’m just can’t wrap my head around thinking not being able to make ends meet regularly = middle class.
我是工人阶级家庭长大的——虽然不至于差到一贫如洗，但生活没有稳定保障。有好几次家里需要关灯，不出门，也不能接电话(防止收账人)。最后我上了一所相当优秀的大学，而我妹妹则上了当地的州立大学。她仍然声称我们是中产阶级家庭长大的孩子，每次她说这句话的时候，我抓破脑袋也想不通，入不敷出怎么能和中产阶级划等号。
My parents are both lawyers. Our family wasn't in the top 1%, but we were almost certainly in the top 5%. I went to one of the most expensive private schools in the state, and most of my classmates were the children of millionaires or even billionaires. With the exception of a handful of students on financial aid, I was basically the poorest kid there. My parents could afford the tuition but they gave up luxuries to be able to do so - it wasn't a drop in the bucket to them like it was to some of the other families there.
I felt like a poor kid, even though that couldn't be further than the truth... but it seemed that way to me because I had so many peers who lived in literal mansions and had parents buy them a new BMW for their sixteenth birthday, etc. I had a friend buy me World of Warcraft and a year's worth of game cards with the credit card his parents had given him.... He told me not to worry about paying him back because "Dad won't even notice" the money being spent. The idea of my parents giving a credit card to me at 13 was inconceivable.
My parents were well off, but still had to budget their money. That feels poor when you're surrounded by people for whom money is literally no obxt. When a friend said "let's have a party at my parents' cabin at Lake Stevens this weekend" and everybody else says yes right away and I had to call my parents and ask to borrow the car, I felt like the poor kid. The fact that being in a room with these super rich kids at all made me privileged is something I never really processed prior to adulthood. You naturally come to define your environment as normalcy, even when your experience is vastly different from regular people.
我的父母都是律师。我们家虽然不在前1%，但几乎可以肯定是前5%的那群人。我上的是本州最昂贵的一所私立学校，我的大多数同学都是百万富翁甚至亿万富翁的孩子。除了少数接受助学金的学生，我基本上是学校里最穷的孩子。我的父母虽然负担得起学费，但他们是因为放弃了奢侈品享受，才能做到这一点——然而对其他一些富豪家庭来说，这笔钱就是九牛一毛。
很多同龄人住在豪宅里，父母在他们16岁生日时给他们买了一辆宝马等等。我的一个朋友用他父母给他的信用卡，给我买了魔兽世界和一年的游戏卡……他告诉我不用担心还钱，因为“他爸爸不会注意到”钱花了。
那时对于13岁的我来说，要让父母给我一张信用卡简直是不可想象的事情。
我的父母很富裕，但仍然需要精打细算。当你周围的人对钱毫不在乎时，你就会觉得自己很穷。当一个朋友说“这个周末在我父母于斯蒂文斯湖畔的小木屋里开个派对吧”，其他人马上都同意了，我不得不打电话给我父母，向他们借车，那时我觉得自己像个可怜的孩子，尽管事实并非如此。
事实上，在我成年之前，我从未真正意识到，能与这些超级有钱的孩子们共处一室，我在一定程度上也属于特权阶层。但人总是很自然地将当前的生活环境定义为“正常”，即使你的生活已经比普通人优越很多。
I grew up class privileged and in my experience class privileged people tend to compare themselves to the Uber-rich, “well, I didn’t have XYZ...” or “I had a job in college!” Like...come on...
我是特权阶层家庭长大的，根据我的经验，特权阶层的人往往把自己与超级富豪相比，总是嚷嚷着“我很普通，我没有这个没有那个……或者“我在大学做过兼职!”之类的话
Yeah cause really poor folk (like me) don't want attention and I ain't about to tell everyone that my family was on food stamps growing up.
像我这样的穷人不想被关注，我也不会告诉别人我是靠食品券长大的。
Funny. Growing up in the burbs i always thought i was middle class. Looking back I realized we were working class poor. Single mom making $20,000 a year in the 1990’s. If it weren’t for some close family friends who lent mom money after the divorce to buy out the house i would have been off to the ghetto. My mom was always in a bad mood. I thought she was just an angry person. Later i realized she was always worrying about how we were going to eat that week:
有趣。在郊区长大，我一直以为自己是中产阶级。回顾过去，我意识到我们是工人阶级里的穷人。20世纪90年代，我妈妈是年薪两万美元的单身母亲。要不是一些关系好的亲戚朋友在妈妈离婚后借钱给她买了房子，我早就进贫民区了。我妈妈总是心情不好。我小时候以为她是个易怒的人。后来我才意识到她是在担忧那一周我们要怎么吃饭。
As a poor kid who was growing up with a single Ma, there are a lot of memories I have of her saying "oh, I'm not hungry for lunch, you two just eat your soup."
Looking back on memories like that I realized that she skipped a lot of meals to feed her kids.
She was also stressed a lot.
作为一个和单身妈妈相依长大的穷孩子，我有很多共鸣，那时妈妈总是说:“哦，我不饿，你们两个吃你们的吧。”
现在回想起那时的情景，我意识到她为了喂养她的孩子饿了很多顿。
她的压力也很大。
My father was often on strike or laid off. My mother was a minimum wage worker. There were times when friends brought groceries over or someone else paid a bill but we always had a roof over our head and a meal. Times improved but I was aware of a discrepancy when I was bussed to a school in a different neighbourhood where my new friend's had bedrooms bigger than our living room.
我父亲经常罢工或被解雇。我母亲是拿最低工资的工人。有时朋友会带一些杂货过来接济，或者是帮我们付账，但我们总能有地方住，有饭吃。生活有所改善，但当我坐巴士去另一个社区学校时，我意识到了阶层差异，我新朋友的卧室比我们的客厅还大。
I grew up in Boulder, CO which, is a very expensive place to grow up. The only reason that was possible was because my mom (a receptionist) stole money from her employer for years to afford the rent that kept us in that school district. She’s lucky she didn’t go to prison but she did get fired once we were grown and she doesn’t regret it. But most people get that look when I say I grew up in Boulder. That “oh.... you come from money” look
我在科罗拉多州博尔德长大，那里是富人住的地方。因为我妈妈(一个接待员)多年来一直从她的雇主那里偷钱来付房租，才得以让我们住在那个学区里。她很幸运没进监狱，但我们长大后她就被解雇了。然而她并不后悔。
每当我说我在博尔德长大时，大多数人的表情都是一副“哦…看来你是富贵家庭出身”的样子
rags to riches is a multiple generation achievement
白手起家是几代人的成就
Yes, the old "My grandparents came to America in the 1940s with $3.16 in their pocket!"
是的，还是那句老话:“我的祖父母在20世纪40年代来到美国，口袋里只有3.16美元!”
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Exactly. My grandparents were really poor and I grew up really privledged. I don't go around saying I had a hard life, but I do acknowledge that my family did come from a working-class class background.
完全正确。我的祖父母很穷，而我是在优越的环境下长大的。我不会到处说我的生活很艰难，但我承认我的家庭确实来自工人阶级。
If you grand parents worked there butts off to send your parents to college and they worked their butts off to send you to private school. Then sure you are“privileged”. It’s a gift given to you, and acknowledging that gift isn’t a bad thing.
如果你的祖父母拼命工作送你父母上大学，然后你的父母拼命工作送你上私立学校。那么你肯定生来是享有“特权的”。这是上天给你的礼物，大方承认它并不是一件坏事。
My Grandad literally emigrated to the UK at 16 with nothing. But he was lucky enough to be successful, and my mum (his daughter) went to a prestigious private school. I'm not working class, even if my grandparents were
我姥爷16岁移民英国时身无分文。但他很幸运，事业成功了，我的妈妈(他的女儿)去了一所著名的私立学校。我不是工人阶级，尽管我的祖父母是。
Lots of people are commenting like these people are all appropriating the struggle of a previous generation and using it as evidence of their own worthiness and hard working attitude.
I’m similar to you - grandparents faced really hard circumstances and worked like hell to give my parents access to education. By the time I was born, we weren’t wealthy but my parents had got their feet in the door for careers that meant we were comfortable and they were able to start earning a lot more through my upbringing.
I don’t want to be associated with the spoiled rich kids who don’t have a clue.But I guess lots of people have experience of people who co-opt the struggle as their own, rather than feeling guilty about their privilege.
很多评论说，这些人都利用了上一代的奋斗成果，却强调是自己通过努力工作取得了成就。
我和你们一样，祖父母生活的非常艰难，为了让我父母接受教育，他们拼命工作。在我出生的时候，我们并不富裕，但我父母的事业已经起步，这意味着我们生活得很舒适，而且随着我长大，他们开始赚更多的钱。
我不想和那些被宠的认不清自己的富家子弟为伍。很多人把取得的成就归功于自己的努力，而不去反思他们在此之前已经拥有了多么优越的条件。
The immediate thought I had in my head was Senator Kelly Loeffler, a billionaire, wearing a flannel shirt in a desperate last ditch effort to make herself look like the farm girl she claimed to have once been.
读到标题，我脑子里第一个闪出的代表人物就是参议员凯利·吕弗勒，一个亿万富翁，却总是穿着一件格子衫到处作秀，拼命让自己看起来像她声称的那样，曾经是个农场女孩。
I noticed this as well and realized I fell into the same story. I thought we were poor when I was very young because my parents were farmers. We grew everything we ate and got by until my parents built up wealth while I was in grade school. In my small town my classmates were struggling but their parents didn’t own land and didn’t have the opportunity to build any wealth. but just because I had to work manual labor on the farm did not mean I didn’t have a lot of privileges.
我也注意到了这一点，我自己就是例子。当我很小的时候，我认为我们家很穷，因为我的父母都是农民。在我上小学的时候，我的父母积累了大量的财富。在我居住的小镇上，我的同学们都在苦苦挣扎，他们的父母没有土地，也没有机会积累财富。
我也会在农场做很多体力劳动，但并不意味着我没有享受到很多特权。