学习汉语最好的方法是什么(二)
What is the best way to learn Chinese?
译文简介
网友：我是以汉语为母语的人，学习汉语并不困难。当然，在我很小的时候，说话和倾听对我来说是很自然的一个过程。在那之后上小学，我确实每天花几个小时做家庭作业：练习写作和阅读。教师没有具体的读写教学方法......
正文翻译
What is the best way to learn Chinese?
学习汉语最好的方法是什么？
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I am native Chinese (Mandarin) Speaker and I didn’t have a hard time acquiring the language. Speaking and listening came naturally to me when I was little of course. After that, I did spend hours daily doing homework practicing writting and reading in primary school. The teachers didn’t not have specific method teaching reading and writting. They just told you to write this and that for a page or two as homework sometimes. Also, they told you to recite a passage or two from textbook. I think if I were to teach chinese to little kids, I would approach with a better way.
There are logic behind each character. Nothing is random here. You can even come up with your own logic, this way you remember things faster. Later in life, I learnd that memory can be trained. There are people who can remember entire order of a deck of cards. They have a method of doing that. As far as recognizing Chinese characters, what you need to do is to break it down.
Start from the simplist characters first, once you get the simple ones own. You see them come up in other characters as well. Sometimes, the meaning gets carried over.
我是以汉语为母语的人，学习汉语并不困难。当然，在我很小的时候，说话和倾听对我来说是很自然的一个过程。在那之后上小学，我确实每天花几个小时做家庭作业：练习写作和阅读。教师没有具体的读写教学方法。他们只是告诉大家说有时写一两页的东西作为家庭作业。还有，他们让背诵课本上的一到两段。我想如果我教小孩子中文，我会用更好的方法。
每个字背后都有逻辑。这里没有什么是随机的。你甚至可以想出自己的逻辑，这样你就能更快地记住它。在后来，我发现记忆能力是可以被训练的。有些人能记住一副牌的全部顺序。他们是有办法做到这一点。至于识别汉字，你需要做的就是把它分解。
首先从简单的笔画开始，一旦你学会了简单的笔画。你也可以在其他字中看到它们。有时，汉子意思会因部首笔画相同而相近。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
As far as pronunciation is concerned. You don’t have to be rigid, just remember there are 4 tones for mandarin, and there are more for cantonese. Do Listen a lot, speak a lot, interact with people a lot. You don’t have to spend time trying to get down the tone of each individual character. No one is perfect. You are not like trying to pass an exam. Just learn phrase, get a feel of how they sound like, mimic how native speaker speaks. Do keep in mind that, make sure the people you follow speaks proper Chinese. There are different accents in different location throughout China, so if you pick up those accents, it can sound pretty funny. Generally, people living in the north region of China speaks better Chinese (By better, I mean understood by majority of Chinese people). Also, the news broadcastors speak best Chinese.
Do wish you good luck in your Mandarin, just have fun with it.
如果我没记错的话，总共有大约5000个汉字。你不需要知道所有的人，我也不需要。如果你的目的是日常交流，那么学习1000-2000个应该不会有问题。如果你每天学习6个字，一年后你就会完成你的目标。
就发音而言。你不必太死板，只要记住普通话有4个声调，广东话有更多。多听，多说，多与人交流。你不必花时间去试图降低每个人物的语气。没有人是完美的。你不要想着通过考试。只需学习短语，感受它们的发音，模仿母语人士的说话方式。一定要记住，确保你跟着学习的人是讲正统的中文。中国各地都有不同的口音，所以如果你学会了这些口音，听起来会很有趣。一般来说，生活在中国北方地区的人汉语说得更好（我指的是大多数中国人都能听懂）。而且，新闻播音员的汉语说得最好。
祝你的普通话学习之旅好运并有趣。
As a way of learning, there are many methods that we could use.
I relied on flashcards as a way to memorize things. I repeated it over and over again for a few days until I really grasped it. I would say it was a very useful tool.
Besides, I use a social networking site that is specifically designed for language exchange learning. This way, I could slowly build up my skills on four main aspects (listening, reading, writing, speaking) by learning from Chinese speakers. Getting an online friend who you can talk to every day is very recommended. Considering you are living in a country where Chinese is not widely spoken, practicing with them can help improving your Chinese and develop your confidence.
Some difficulties I encountered were mostly similar as the other language learners, which was unable to understand (listening) and to speak out (speaking). I found writing to be my specialty out of the others. I could remember characters easily just by writing it over a few times. Hence, it was necessary for me to enhance more on the others that I felt lacked on. For instance, I often watch Chinese variety shows or drama to get used to different accents that Chinese speakers have on their pronunciation. It was significantly important to practice my listening.
In addition, I learn many new words that are more frequently used in daily conversation. As for speaking, I always do monologue or basically talk to myself in front of the mirror about whatever topic pop up in my mind. ChinLab app may be an ultimate choice for learners since they provide a great platform to master Chinese from the basic. Coming across new words repetitively will help you intuitively understand.
Therefore, for beginners or learners, aggregating self-motivation to learn Chinese is indeed vital. Find your goals on why you want to start learning Chinese. Even though my Chinese level has not achieved that high level, but it is better for me to look at how much I have accomplished thus far and continue to struggle.
学好中文，我们可以使用很多方法。
我依靠抽认卡来记忆东西。我一遍又一遍地重复了好几天，直到我真正掌握了它。我想说这是一个非常有用的工具。
此外，我使用一个专门为语言交流学习设计的社交网站。这样，通过向中国人学习，我可以慢慢地在四个主要方面（听、读、写、说）培养我的技能。推荐找一个可以每天聊天的网友。考虑到你生活在一个汉语不被广泛使用的国家，和他们一起练习可以帮助你提高汉语水平，培养你的自信。
我遇到的一些困难和其他学习语言的人一样，不能理解(听)和说(说)。我发现写作是我的专长。只要多写几遍，我就能轻松记住汉字。因此，我有必要在我觉得做的不够好的方面做更多的改进。例如，我经常看中文综艺节目或话剧，以适应中国人发音上的不同口音。练习听力非常重要。
此外，我学到了很多在日常会话中较常用的新单词。我总是做独白练习或基本上是对着镜子自言自语，我想到什么就说什么。ChinLab应用程序给学习者提供了一个从基础开始掌握汉语的良好平台，可能是学习者的终极选择。重复地遇到生词会帮助你直观地理解。
因此，对于初学者来说，集中学习汉语的自我激励是非常重要的。找出你为什么要开始学习中文。虽然我的中文水平还没有达到那么高的水平，但最好是看看我到目前为止取得了多少成就，然后继续加油。
When I first started learning Chinese at university, I was really annoyed that we always had to memorize these monologues and stand up and recite them in class. Americans are very memorization-averse and I was no exception. It seemed to me the epitome of Chinese-style rote learning and surely a huge waste of time.
And then, I suddenly realized how natural my speaking had become. That I didn’t need to think about my tones anymore. In particular, that the overall prosody of the Chinese sentence came easily to me. And that it was because of those sentences I had had to practice over and over until they were memorized.
When it comes to tones and prosody in Chinese, you can do yourself no better favor than just drilling, drilling, drilling, whether by memorizing monologues or by using language resources like Glossika. My new favorite way to drill is to get my language teacher to help me write a short introductory monologue introducing myself. Then I get my teacher to record it in his or her own voice so that I can hear the natural tones and prosody. Then I listen to it ALL THE TIME. At the gym. On the subway. On loop on the plane.
This way, you learn the monologue the way you would a song. It gets into your muscle memory. You remember the “lyrics” and the “notes” without even thinking about it. And then, when you meet someone and need to introduce yourself in that language, you have your monologue at the ready and you just adjust as necessary. And you’ll find that this technique helps you in the rest of your speaking as well, because you’ve already mastered the tones as they relate to each other.
I’ve used this method for several tonal languages now, including Cantonese, Vietnamese, and Thai, to great success.
当我在大学刚开始学习中文的时候，我真的很恼火，我们总是要记住这些独白，在课堂上站起来背诵它们。美国人非常不喜欢记忆，我也不例外。在我看来，这是中国式死记硬背的缩影，肯定是在浪费时间。
然后，我突然意识到我讲话变得十分自然。我不用再考虑我的语气了。特别是汉语句子的整体韵律我很容易就掌握了。正是因为这些句子，我不得不一遍又一遍地练习，直到把它们记住。
说到汉语的音调和韵律，你最好还是不断地练习，无论是背诵独白，还是使用Glossika这样的语言资源。我现在最喜欢的练习方法是让我的语言老师帮我写一段自我介绍的独白。然后我让我的老师用他或她自己的声音记录下来，这样我就能听到自然的音调和韵律。然后我就一直听：在健身房，在地铁上。在飞机上不断循环听。
这样，你学习独白就像学习歌曲一样。它会形成肌肉记忆。你想都不用想就能记住歌词和音符。然后，当你遇到某人，需要用那种语言介绍自己时，你会发现已经准备好了自己的独白，然后根据需要进行调整。你会发现这个技巧对你接下来的口语也很有帮助，因为你已经掌握了它们之间的联系。
现在，我已经用这种方法学习了好几种不同声调的语言，包括粤语、越南语和泰国语，效果都不错。
Jameson Knoll, 我住在上海
Follow these steps:
转载自新加坡学习讲基本普通话的简单方法有哪些？在意识到这可能适用于某个更一般的问题之前，我真的很喜欢这个答案。。
遵循以下步骤：
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Learn Pinyin, the standard method of Chinese romanization. Get your pronunciation down solid. Chinese pronunciation seems similar to English when you first start studying. Its not.
Learn to differentiate between 'zhe' and 'zhi,' between 'xu' and 'shu', and between 'jin' and 'jing' (even a lot of Chinese people, especially around Shanghai, can't do this one). This is the most tedious part of learning Chinese. Find a person to help you.
You have the benefit of being in a country where almost everybody can speak Chinese and English fluently. Make a friend. Pick someone up in a bar and bring them back to your place to help you practice pronunciation.
从发音开始。
学习拼音，这是汉语罗马化的标准方法。把你的发音固定下来。当你刚开始学习时，（可能认为）汉语的发音似乎和英语很相似。其实不是。
学会区分“zhe”和“zhi”，区分“xu”和“shu”，区分“jin”和“jing”（即使是很多中国人，尤其是上海周围的人，也不能做到这一点）。这是学习汉语最乏味的部分，找个人帮你（好点）。
在一个几乎人人都能流利地说汉语和英语的国家，你会受益匪浅，多结交朋友。在酒吧认识一些人，把他们带到你的住处来帮助你练习发音。
Make sure that your pronunciation of tones is extremely clear. A lot of people who are learning Chinese will tell you that tones don't matter, because Chinese is so contextual. This isn't true. These people are just being lazy. Speaking non-tonal Chinese is like speaking English without tenses.
Again, get a native to help you. These are the basics, and you'll use them forever.
学习音调
确保你的声调发音非常清晰。很多学汉语的人会告诉你，声调并不重要，因为汉语是上下文相关的。这不是真的。这些人只是在偷懒。说没有声调的汉语就像说没有时态的英语。
同样，找一个本地人来帮助你。这些都是基本的，你将永远使用它们。
At this point, learn a few common verbs and nouns and start talking to people.
让学习变得有趣
在这一点上，学习一些常见的动词和名词，并开始与人交谈。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
You need to know a couple of thousand Chinese characters to read effectively. So learn ten a day for a year, starting with the most common, the most useful, and the simplest. They add up quickly. Simple characters build more complex characters, and characters build words. As a general rule, the more complex the word, the more characters it uses.
学习阅读
你需要知道几千个汉字才能有效地阅读。因此，一年中每天学习十个字，从最常见、最有用和最简单的字开始。这样学习起来速度很快。简单的汉字生成更复杂的词组，一般来说，单词越复杂，使用的汉字就越多。
Writing is way way way harder than reading. If you only want to achieve a basic level, its not really worth your time.
我可能不会去学写作
写作比阅读难多了。如果你只想达到一个基本的水平，那就不值得你花时间。
Once you're this far, the most important thing is diligence. Keep up with your studies. Learn a little bit every day. And when you learn a new word or two, break it out on someone immedietely. This will solidify the memory. Yeah, you'll look like a bit of a dork when you suddenly force the dinner conversation to the price of subway tickets, but you're learning. Get some friends who will humor you in this regard for a little bit. Offer to buy someone a beer if they'll sit and listen to you butcher their mother tongue for a few minutes.
I was at the airport some time ago, and I had just finished listening to a lesson about checking in for a flight. Unfortunately, I had already checked in for my flight. But I had just learned so much good vocabulary! So, I went up to the lady at the information counter and explained that I wanted to check in for my flight to Tokyo, and that I didn't have any bags to check, just a carry-on. She stared a me for a bit, and then said "I think you're already checked it." I started at her for a bit to keep up the charade, then slowly pulled out my boarding pass and said "Oh yeah, so I am. My boarding pass is right here. " as I walked away to the sound of embarrassed laughter. Did I look like an idiot. Absolutely. Did I learn 5 new useful vocabulary words in the space of 30 seconds that I still remember to this day. You bet I did.
Mandarin is a tough langauge. To be sure. But if you're creative with your approach, consistent with your practice, and learn to have fun with the language, you be able to achieve at least a conversation level of fluency relatively quickly.
要么使用中文，要么丧失使用中文的能力
一旦你走到了这一步，最重要的是勤奋。并且跟上你的学习进度，每天学一点。当你学会一两个生词时，立即对某人说出来。这将巩固记忆。当你突然把晚餐的话题强加进有关地铁票价格的话题里面，尽管看起来有点傻，但你正在学习。找一些愿意在这方面通过”取笑“的方式带你的朋友。如果有人愿意坐下来听你用他们的母语说几分钟的话，可以主动给他们买杯啤酒。
不久前我在机场，刚听完一节关于办理登机手续的课。不幸的是，我已经办理了登机手续。但是我刚刚学了这么多的词汇！于是，我走到问讯处的那位女士面前，向她解释说我想办理飞往东京的航班的登机手续，我没有任何行李要托运，只有一件随身行李。她盯着我看了一会儿，然后说：“我想你已经检查过了。”我开始盯着她看了一会儿，然后慢慢拿出我的登机牌，说：“哦，是的，我的登机牌就在这里。”当我走开时，听到尴尬的笑声。我看起来像个白痴吗，绝对地！（可是）我是否在30秒内学会了5个新的有用词汇呢，直到今天我还记得我学到了。
普通话是一门难学的语言，确实难学，如果你的方法富有创造性，与你的实践相一致，并且学会享受说这门语言的乐趣，那么你至少能够相对较快地达到流利的会话水平。
Understand that Mandarin is tonal, whereas English is not. Learn what this fact means and go into the learning of Mandarin fully motivated to learn the tones smoothly and well. comprehending normal Mandarin speech takes longer. This is to be expected.
Find good modern instructional materials .
Practice with native speakers . Finally, here is the answer I gave a few weeks ago to a similar question :
要明白普通话是有音调的，而英语则不同。了解这一事实意味着什么，并充分调动学习普通话的积极性，顺利、良好地学习声调。理解正常的普通话语音需要较长的时间，这也是意料之中的。
找到好的现代教学材料。
与以英语为母语的人一起练习。对了，我在几周前回答过一个类似的问题：
2 Understand that Mandarin is tonal.
3 Get expert or native speaking help, feedback, and practice.
4 Memorize sentences, words too, (you could try paragraphs or entire dialogs, later on) and practice them with people. If you find your ability to exactly remember increasing to greater and greater amounts of text, as the weeks go by, perfect. Stick to tone-marked Pinyin but add some characters to your independent study after a couple of weeks. Stay with Pinyin for a few months though.
我知道你可能会失败，理解持久性是关键。了解在语言学习过程中是存在（不同的人）是有不同的能力水平的。找出差距，并为自己设定学习目标。
了解普通话的音调。
获得中文专家或母语为中文的人士的帮助，不断反馈和练习。
记住句子和单词，（然后尝试记住段落或整个对话），并与人一起练习。如果你发现自己准确记忆的能力随着时间的推移越来越强，那么就完美了。坚持使用带声调的拼音，但在几周后在独立学习过程中添加一些汉字。不过还是要坚持几个月继续用拼音。
6 Engage with native speakers or experts early on. Practice the tones on them. Even a little.
7 Engage with the tones…find out what they are, how the phenomenon differs from English sentence intonation (hint: It’s totally different), and develop the ability to produce the tones.
8. Tones are crucial is what my first Mandarin instructor, George Chao, would say in class.
9. Tones are crucial: Mandarin is tonal and English is not. You have to understand this fact before you begin.
如果你发现被自己找到的高质量的现代教材所激励，那么考虑在你的课程上花更多的时间。如果你找不到，那就不要着急，因为你必须喜欢你的学习材料，这样才会用心去学。第一周，每天花15分钟，第二周，花30分钟去学习。
尽早与以中文为母语的人或专家接触。与他们配合着练习音调，哪怕是一点点。
理解音调，找出它们与英语句子语调有什么不同（提示：是完全不同的），并培养产生音调的能力。
音调至关重要，我的第一位汉语老师乔治·赵在课堂上就是这么说的。
音调至关重要：普通话注重音调，英语不注重它。在开始学中文之前，你必须了解这个事实。
If you are not already using an audio course to study Chinese, I recommend that you do so.
Not that I am very fluent and really not a polyglot, but this is the procedure that I used: I get the Pimsleur audio language course for the target language on CD ROM and install it in my car. I fixed the player so that it came on whenever the ignition was on. I repeated the target language words, phrases, and sentences OUT LOUD!
It was about a 40 minute drive to and from work. I did not listen to news or music on this drive, just Pimsleur program. And, of course I repeated everything out loud. I am sure, in slow traffic, the people in the next car thought I was some sort of a nut.
There was a night school for Mandarin Chinese being taught nearby so I signed up. Due to my prior use of the audio program, I found I was one of the better students, even among those whose grandparents spoke Chinese. Do to my familiarity with Japanese Kanji, I managed to learn the proper method of writing the ideographs at the same time. Maybe none of the other students were impressed but our instructor definitely was.
Try to practice the language at every opportunity. In my case, for eating at an ethnic restaurant. If you have a friend or neighbor who speaks the language, try to do so with him.
If I see somebody in a store or business who looks like they might speak Chinese, I am not afraid to at least greet them in Mandarin and in most cases they seem to be pleased and may give me an opportunity to practice the language a bit. If I am in error and they speak another East Asian language instead, it may be one that I am also trying to learn so I try never to let an opportunity go to waste.
Good luck!
如果你还没有使用音频课程来学习中文，我建议你这样做。
这并不是说我说中文能很流利，也不是说我很厉害，但这是我使用的程序:我把皮姆斯勒的音频语言课程调为首选，并安装在我的车里。我把播放器设置好了，只要一点火，它就会开始播放它。我大声地重复目标语言的单词、短语和句子!
开车上下班大约要40分钟。我在这条路上不去听新闻或音乐，只听皮姆斯勒的节目。当然，我把所有的话都大声重复了一遍。我敢肯定，在开得慢的时候，旁边车道的车里的人认为我是个疯子。
附近有一所夜校教中文，所以我报名了。由于我以前使用过这个音频节目，我发现甚至在那些祖父母说中文的学生中，我的水平还算不错。在熟悉日常汉字的同时，我还学会了正确的文字书写方法。也许其他学生都觉得没什么，但绝对给我们的老师带来印象深刻。
抓住一切机会练习语言。对我而言，在餐馆吃饭时，如果身边有一个会说这种语言的朋友或邻居，就试着和他一起说。
如果我在商店或公司看到有人可能会说中文，我不会害怕，至少会用中文向他们打招呼，在大多数情况下，他们似乎很高兴，可能会给我一个机会来练习中文。如果发现我错了，他们说的是另一种东亚语言，那可能也是努力学习别的语言的机会，所以我尽量不让机会浪费。
I have been trying my hands on Mandarin Chinese these days as my business would require frequent trips to China. Last time , I went there, I found myself almost handicapped as English is not reallly understood by a lot of rural chinese and a lot of common apps like google , whatsapp and facebook are banned there. China still has a lot of untapped potential and Mandarin Chinese can really be the secret weapon in your arsenal if you are a young entrepreneur dreaming to rake multi millions in short time.
Infact , Mandarin Chinese has the most amount of speakers in the world and is arguably the most important global business language. Yet it often amazes me that Mandarin Chinese still lacks sufficient choices of quality online resources to learn with.
I often look for the fastest way to crack any problem by keeping time as the essence. I am finicky about guarding every minute of time in work. I figured out that the fastest way to learn Chinese, at least that was the case for me, it's with Rocket's lessons. It's the best interactive course, popular for folks wanting casual, conversational Chinese.
这些天我一直在尝试学习中文普通话，因为我的业务需要我经常去中国。上次，我去了那里，我发现自己几乎是残疾的，因为很多中国农村人不懂英语，很多常见的应用程序，比如谷歌，whatsapp和facebook在那里也被禁止使用。中国仍有许多未开发的潜力，如果你是一个梦想在短时间内赚到数百万美元的年轻企业家，会说中文简直可以算是你军械库中的秘密武器。
事实上，普通话是世界上使用人数最多的语言，可以说是最重要的全球商务语言。然而，让我经常感到惊讶的是，仍然缺乏足够的优质在线资源学习来汉语。
我经常以时间为核心来寻找解决问题的最快方法。我对工作中的每一分钟都很挑剔。我发现学习中文最快的方法，至少对我来说是这样，那就是火箭的课程（ Rocket's lessons.）。这是最好的互动课程，对于想要和中国人随意交谈的人来说很受欢迎。
There are mutiple language and culture lessons that comprise easy to follow videos and step-by-step explanations of the Chinese writing. Also included are over 300 audio clips that help you master pronunciation. Each conversation is broken down into easily manageable parts with written transcxts of each conversation in Mandarin Chinese (Pinyin - Romanized Chinese writing) and the English translation. Language certificates are awarded as you progress through the levels to provide a "classroom sense of achievement".
The cultural lessons are especially important because they allow the learner to understand why and how certain words are used in sentences. These lessons incorporate helpful everyday phrases and common Chinese conversation,
I found it to be the most time efficient way out there albeit it doesnt includes advanced lessons. However if you want to learn Mandarin just for business purposes, it’ll cut the deal.
该课程有音频课程、文化课、考试、游戏、完善发音的录音工具、适用于苹果和安卓的应用程序等。非常注重互动性，他们有激励工具让你参与其中。你还可以全天候在线接触他们的教师团队。
这里有多种语言和文化课程，包括简单易懂的视频和逐步讲解中文写作。还包括超过300个音频剪辑，帮助您掌握发音。每段对话都被分解成易于处理的部分，每段对话都有普通话拼音和英文翻译的书面文本。随着你的进步，还会颁发语言证书给你，给你一种“课堂成就感”。
文化课尤其重要，因为它能让学习者理解某些单词在句子中使用的原因和方式。这些课程包含了有用的日常短语和常见的汉语对话。
我发现这是最有效的方法，尽管它不包括高级课程。然而，如果你只是为了商业目的而学习普通话，它是不错的选择。