我的朋友告诉我，美国原住民就是古代黑人和中国人的混血。这听起来可信吗?

Claire Jordan
That… has a shred of truth in it, but it’s an extremely exaggerated way of looking at it. Native Americans are almost entirely descended from people who crossed over the Bering Strait from the Chukotka area, who probably had some very distant connections with China but were a long way north of it. There is some evidence that a small group of the dark but loosely “Caucasoid” people who would later colonise Australia settled in the far south of South America, and were probably absorbed by the later Asian-derived settlers.
So - Native Americans are 99.9% north-east Asian in origin, possibly with a tiny drop of input from those early travellers who were heading towards Australia via the far south of South America, and probably a tiny bit from the VIking visitors who came to Vinland a thousand years ago.

这部分正确，但这是一种极其夸张的看待它的方式。印第安人几乎完全是那些从楚科奇地区越过白令海峡的人的后裔，他们可能与中国有一些非常遥远的联系，但在中国以北很远的地方。
有证据表明，后来殖民澳大利亚的一小群深肤色但松散的“高加索人”定居在了南美洲的最南部，并且很可能被后来的亚裔移民所吸收。
所以，99.9%的美洲原住民是东北亚人，可能有一小部分来抵达了南美洲的、后来又有部分前往了澳大利亚的早期旅行者，也可能有一小部分来自于一千年前来到文兰的维京游客。
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David Cannon
There is also the prence of the R1b haplogroup, which indicates a trans-Atlantic connection. The Vikings had a settlement in eastern Canada, but if they were the source, I would expect haplogroups N and I1 to show up, which they don't. It's a mystery. R1b is almost unknown east of the Urals.

R1b单倍群也很普遍，这表明一种跨大西洋的联系。维京人在加拿大东部有一个定居点，但如果他们是源头，我预计单倍群N和I1会出现，但他们没有。这是一个谜。R1b位于乌拉尔山脉东部某个地方，但几乎无人知晓。

Miguel Arzak
The “Dark but loosely Caucasoid” group would have come by trans-pacific navigation?
That may explain caucasoid features with rather dark tanning that inhabited Argentina`s Center-South and left very little remains, but are heavily attested in chronicles and oral tradition.

“深肤色但松散的高加索人”群体是通过跨太平洋航行来的吗?
这也许可以解释为什么居住在阿根廷中南部的高加索人有着相当深的皮肤，留下的痕迹很少，但在编年史和口述传统中得到了充分证明。

Claire Jordan
Yes to both.

是的，两者都有。

Hugh Luckock
If the ‘dark but loosely Caucasoid group’ later colonised Australia, they must have reached the tip of South American an awfully long time ago!
I believe Australia was first colonised between 50,000 and 70,000 years ago. It’s hard to imagine people navigating 10,000 km across the Pacific Ocean that long ago. And if they had, then surely they would have left evidence and descendants on the islands they stopped at along the way.
The Polynesians only reached the Pacific Islands in the last couple of thousand years, and I’m not aware of any evidence that these islands were inhabited before then.

如果这个“深肤色但松散的高加索人”后来殖民了澳大利亚，他们一定在很久以前就到达了南美洲的顶端!
我认为澳大利亚第一次被殖民是在5万到7万年前。很难想象，那么久远以前，人们在太平洋上航行1万公里。如果他们有，那么他们肯定会在沿途停留的岛屿上留下证据和后代。
波利尼西亚人直到几千年前才到达太平洋岛屿，我不知道有任何证据表明在此之前这些岛屿有人居住。
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William Drummond
We all descend from the first colony of humans that began in Africa. From there, they migrated north into the Middle East, continued north into Europe, or headed west towards Asia. Along the way, they ran into several of the pre-human species and interbred. Bodies began evolving (or mutating) lighter skin tones as some spent time in less sunny, less tropical environments. Nose shape, brow size, hair, and eye color, even height began to change to adapt to environmental factors. Still, they were human, and humans must explore. The migration continued. At each new area, some settled while others migrated. Before long, the humans reached the easternmost reaches of Russia and crossed the Bering Sea. Instead of a primarily northward migration, they had to drift south, and of course, east. After about 20,000 years, parts of the Gulf Coat region began colonizing, except they were not settling colonies. They moved about following their food. At the same time, other parts of the migrating humans made their way into Central America and then South America.
Humans have not stopped migrating. The human form as we know it today will look different 20,000 years from now. In all likelihood, we will have colonies on other planets, which, if they have less atmosphere and gravity, will cause us to become shorter. We may see some internal organs adapt to lower oxygen levels.
There is some evidence, though not a lot that some civilizations innovated boats to cross water. A discovery forty years ago in South America hinted that some Africans journeyed across the Atlantic and established a small settlement. I suppose when they did not return, the rest of their people decided not to follow. If memory serves, that settlement dated almost 60,000 years before the migratory humans reached that area. The two never intermingled, according to the evidence. Maybe the Atlantic was not as difficult to cross back then. The ocean between Africa and South America is notoriously rough.
Yes, all humans evolved from the African continent. One day, DNA tests will be sensitive enough to analyze which migration paths our ancestors took and perhaps how many generations stayed in one region before suffering the wanderlust leading to the start of a new migratory journey.

我们都是起源于非洲的第一个人类殖民地的后裔。从那里，他们向北迁移到中东，继续向北进入欧洲，或向东前往亚洲。一路上，他们遇到了几个前人类物种并进行了杂交。身体开始进化(或变异)更浅的肤色，因为一些人在不那么阳光明媚、不那么热带的环境中生活。鼻子的形状，眉毛的大小，头发，眼睛的颜色，甚至身高都开始改变以适应环境因素。尽管如此，他们还是人类，而人类必须探索和迁移。在每一个新的地区，一些人定居，而另一些人迁移。不久，人类到达了俄罗斯的最东端，越过了白令海。它们不再向北迁徙，而是向南，当然还有向东迁徙。
大约2万年后，波斯湾地区的部分地区开始殖民，他们跟着食物移动。与此同时，部分迁徙的人类进入了中美洲，然后是南美洲。人类并没有停止迁徙。我们今天所知道的人类形态在两万年前会有所不同。十有八九，我们会在其他星球上定居，如果这些星球上的大气和引力更小，我们就会变得更矮，一些身体器官也会适应低氧水平。
有一些证据(虽然不是很多)表明一些文明发明了船只来渡海。40年前在南美洲的一项发现暗示一些非洲人穿越大西洋，建立了一个小定居点。我想他们没回来，其他的人也决定不跟着来了。如果我没记错的话，这个定居点可以追溯到人类迁移到这一地区的近6万年之前。
根据证据，这两波人从未交往过。也许那时横渡大西洋没有那么困难。非洲和南美洲之间的海洋是出了名的波涛汹涌。
是的，所有的人类都是从非洲大陆进化而来的。有一天，DNA测试将足够敏锐，以分析我们的祖先走过的迁徙路线。

Lily Li
No. Native Americans are simply descended from Ancient North Eurasians associated with Europeans and East Eurasians associated with North Eastern Asians. No more and no less than that.
Amerindian have Y-Haplogroup Q1a1-M3. There are very few or negligible Chinese and almost no Africans with the same Y-Haplogroup subclade.
Amerindian mtDNA are A, B, C and D. These are not common mtDNA of most Africans. It is shared with some Chinese but they split 40,000 years ago and the subclades may be different. Chinese have additional mtDNA F, M and E not found among Amerindian but shared with Southeast Asians.

不。美洲原住民是欧亚板块欧洲人种和东北亚人种的后裔。不多也不少。
美洲印第安人有Y -单倍群Q1a1-M3。具有相同的Y -单倍群亚分支的中国人和非洲人少到可以忽略不计。
美洲印第安人的线粒体DNA是A、B、C和D。这些不是大多数非洲人常见的线粒体DNA。它与一些中国人共享，但他们在4万年前分裂，亚分支可能是不同的。中国人额外拥有mtDNA F, M和E，这是美洲印第安人没有的，但与东南亚人共享。

Emre Kaya
The closest relatives of Native Americans would be Turks (not exactly Turkish people) like Tuvans, Mongols and Inuits I guess.

印第安人的近亲是突厥人(不完全是土耳其人)，比如图瓦人、蒙古人和因纽特人。

Lily Li
They could be distantly related to Xiongnu, both have Q-M3 subclade. They would be partly related to some Turks, especially Altaian and Kyrgyz. But Turkic identity also includes West Asians, European and Scythian ethnicities.
I'm not sure about Tuvans. Their connections to Mongols, Evenk and Yakut are very ancient, and not that closely related.

他们可能与匈奴有远亲关系，均有Q-M3亚支。他们可能与一些土突厥人有部分关系，尤其是阿尔泰人和吉尔吉斯人。
但突厥人的身份也包括西亚人、欧洲人和斯基泰人。
我不确定图瓦人。他们与蒙古人、伊文克人和雅库特人的联系非常古老，没有那么密切的联系。我不确定图瓦人，他们与蒙古人、伊文克人和雅库特人的联系非常古老，没有那么密切的联系

Anne Agard
No, your friend doesn’t know what he is talking about, and is just making stuff up.
The ancestors of Native Americans migrated to the Americas from northeastern Asia in a couple of waves around 19,000 to 15,000 years ago. During this time there was a land bridge from Asia to Alaska that made this migration much easier.
This has been a long-standing hypothesis, and in recent years has been confirmed by DNA evidence.
All the peoples of Asia, Europe and the Americas are descended from people who migrated out of Africa around 100,000 years before that.

不，你的朋友根本不知道他在说什么，只是在瞎编。
大约在19000到15000年前，美洲原住民的祖先分几次从东北亚迁移到美洲。在这段时间里，从亚洲到阿拉斯加有一座大陆桥，使得迁徙变得容易得多。
这是一个长期存在的假设，近年来被DNA证据所证实。所有亚洲、欧洲和美洲的人都是大约10万年前走出非洲的人的后裔。

Anonymous
Well, Native Americans were located inside their tribes and they were spaced out all over the undiscovered America well before anyone came to visit it. It’s thought that the original Native Americans came to the Pacific Northwest around 5000 BCE and then from there migrated further into the country.
Blacks were not introduced to America until around 1619 when they first came to the Virginia Colony.
The first Chinese people to c0me to America are thought to have come about 1850 to participate in the California Gold Rush and escape their conditions in China.
You may want to pass along some History books to your friend.

美洲土著居住在他们的部落里，在有人来访问之前，他们就分散在未被发现的美洲各地。人们认为，最初的美洲原住民大约在公元前5000年来到太平洋西北部，然后从那里进一步迁移进这片大陆。
直到1619年左右，黑人第一次来到弗吉尼亚殖民地，他们才被引入美洲。
据认为，第一个来到美国的中国人大约是在1850年，为了参加加州的淘金热。你可能想把一些历史书交给你的朋友。

Jeff Cook
LMAO you really want to tell other people to learn history when you think when you think that the natives came to America 70o0 years ago?
And you actually think that the first black person to be in North America was in 1619? That is the first in English America, there were black people and slaves in Spanish America before 1619.
In fact, the English didn’t originally bring them from Africa or from any land port. They literally attacked a Spanish ship that was bringing more slaves to Spanish America, when the English seized the ship then sold the slaves in Virginia once they arrived.
And Juan Garrido was black and he came willingly in 1502 to wage war for profit. He then came back again with more black friends in 1520 to kill some more. Another friend of his Nuno de Guzman came in 1529 to kill Aztecs. The Spanish even made him governor of a province for 8 years.
Yes the Spanish were willing to make black people governors 400 years before America let them run for office.
Seriously, you might want to get your friends to pass you along some history books.

哈哈，当你认为印第安土著人是7000年前来到美洲的时候，你真的想指导别人学习历史?
你真的认为北美的第一个黑人是在1619年抵达这里的吗?这是英属美洲的第一次，但在1619年之前西班牙美洲就有黑人和奴隶了。
事实上，英国人最初并不是从非洲或任何陆地港口把非洲人带往美洲大陆的。他们袭击了一艘运送奴隶到西班牙美洲的西班牙船，英国人劫持了这艘船，一到弗吉尼亚就把奴隶卖掉。
胡安·加里多是黑人，他在1502年自愿来到这里，为了利益发动战争。1520年，他又带着更多的黑人朋友回来杀了更多的人。他的另一个朋友Nuno de Guzman在1529年来杀阿兹特克人。西班牙人甚至让他当了8年的省长。
是的，在400年前的美洲，西班牙人就愿意让黑人竞选当省长了。
说真的，你最好让你的朋友给你带几本历史书给你。