我怎样才能更快更有效地学习？
How can I study faster and more efficiently?
译文简介
网友：快，好，省力。选择其中两者。每当有人问如何“更快，更高效”地做某事时，我都会想起这句老话。在学习中，如果你想快速地学习一些东西，并把它记住，那就不会省力。这将花费您大量的精神精力......
正文翻译
How can I study faster and more efficiently?
我怎样才能更快更有效地学习？
评论翻译
Jory MacKay, Editor at RescueTime (2017-present)
Fast, Good, Cheap. Pick 2.
I think of this old saying whenever someone asks how to do something ‘faster and more efficiently’.
In the context of studying, if you want to learn something quickly and remember it clearly, it won’t be cheap. It will cost you a good chunk of mental energy in the form of 2 actions:
快，好，省力。选择其中两者。
每当有人问如何“更快，更高效”地做某事时，我都会想起这句老话。
在学习中，如果你想快速地学习一些东西，并把它记住，那就不会省力。这将花费您大量的精神精力，包括以下两种方式：
Fast, Good, Cheap. Pick 2.
I think of this old saying whenever someone asks how to do something ‘faster and more efficiently’.
In the context of studying, if you want to learn something quickly and remember it clearly, it won’t be cheap. It will cost you a good chunk of mental energy in the form of 2 actions:
快，好，省力。选择其中两者。
每当有人问如何“更快，更高效”地做某事时，我都会想起这句老话。
在学习中，如果你想快速地学习一些东西，并把它记住，那就不会省力。这将花费您大量的精神精力，包括以下两种方式：
2. Deliberate practice
Even though you know you’re just going through the motions of reviewing notes or re-reading chapters, you won’t retain anything if you don’t have a deliberate reason to study, and if you don’t give yourself space between sessions.
What this means, is that you need to set your intention of what you’re practicing.
What section of the material do you have the hardest time understanding?
Be specific.
This is called Deliberate Practice, and as Geoff Colvin, author of Talent Is Overrated says, it must be hard work, must be repeated a lot, and should be focused on improving something specific.
While we’re on the topic of practice, you can forget about those late-night cram sessions. To truly digest the material, you need to leave it alone and split your practice up over time.
This works because as you struggle to recall information you’ve learned in the past, that effort of recalling is actually strengthening those memories.
As Robert Bjork, director of the UCLA Learning and Forgetting Lab, explains:
“When we access things from our memory, we do more than reveal it’s there. It’s not like a playback. What we retrieve becomes more retrievable in the future. Provided the retri succeeds, the more difficult and involved the retri, the more beneficial it is.”
So that’s it. Intention and Deliberate Practice.
They’re not cognitively cheap methods, but they are good, and they are fast.
刻意练习
即使你知道你只是在做复习笔记或重复阅读相关章节的行为，如果你没有一个深思熟虑的理由去学习，并且在各节内容之间没有留出足够的时间，你就不会记住任何东西。
这意味着，你需要设定你练习的意图。
具体到学习材料中你最难理解的那一部分？
这就是所谓的刻意练习，正如《天才被高估》一书的作者杰夫·科尔文（Geoff Colvin）所说，这必须要付出艰辛的努力，必须反复练习，并且应该专注于改进某些特定的东西。
当我们谈论练习的话题时，你不要想那些深夜补习班了。要真正吸收这些材料，你需要把它放在一边，随着时间的推移把练习给忘掉。
这是因为当你努力回忆过去所学的信息时，回忆的过程实际上又加强那些记忆。
正如加州大学洛杉矶分校学习与遗忘实验室主任罗伯特·比约克解释的那样：
“当我们从记忆中获取东西时，我们所做的不仅仅是揭示它的存在。这不像回放。我们找回记忆中的东西在将来会变得更容易找回。如果检索成功，检索过程越困难、越复杂，就越有利于学会。”
就是这样。需要带有意图去学习和刻意练习。
它们不是省力的方法，但它们很好，也很有效率。
Even though you know you’re just going through the motions of reviewing notes or re-reading chapters, you won’t retain anything if you don’t have a deliberate reason to study, and if you don’t give yourself space between sessions.
What this means, is that you need to set your intention of what you’re practicing.
What section of the material do you have the hardest time understanding?
Be specific.
This is called Deliberate Practice, and as Geoff Colvin, author of Talent Is Overrated says, it must be hard work, must be repeated a lot, and should be focused on improving something specific.
While we’re on the topic of practice, you can forget about those late-night cram sessions. To truly digest the material, you need to leave it alone and split your practice up over time.
This works because as you struggle to recall information you’ve learned in the past, that effort of recalling is actually strengthening those memories.
As Robert Bjork, director of the UCLA Learning and Forgetting Lab, explains:
“When we access things from our memory, we do more than reveal it’s there. It’s not like a playback. What we retrieve becomes more retrievable in the future. Provided the retri succeeds, the more difficult and involved the retri, the more beneficial it is.”
So that’s it. Intention and Deliberate Practice.
They’re not cognitively cheap methods, but they are good, and they are fast.
刻意练习
即使你知道你只是在做复习笔记或重复阅读相关章节的行为，如果你没有一个深思熟虑的理由去学习，并且在各节内容之间没有留出足够的时间，你就不会记住任何东西。
这意味着，你需要设定你练习的意图。
具体到学习材料中你最难理解的那一部分？
这就是所谓的刻意练习，正如《天才被高估》一书的作者杰夫·科尔文（Geoff Colvin）所说，这必须要付出艰辛的努力，必须反复练习，并且应该专注于改进某些特定的东西。
当我们谈论练习的话题时，你不要想那些深夜补习班了。要真正吸收这些材料，你需要把它放在一边，随着时间的推移把练习给忘掉。
这是因为当你努力回忆过去所学的信息时，回忆的过程实际上又加强那些记忆。
正如加州大学洛杉矶分校学习与遗忘实验室主任罗伯特·比约克解释的那样：
“当我们从记忆中获取东西时，我们所做的不仅仅是揭示它的存在。这不像回放。我们找回记忆中的东西在将来会变得更容易找回。如果检索成功，检索过程越困难、越复杂，就越有利于学会。”
就是这样。需要带有意图去学习和刻意练习。
它们不是省力的方法，但它们很好，也很有效率。
1. Take notes with pen and paper.
Re-framing the information in your own words will help you retain the information longer, meaning you’ll have better recall and will perform better on tests.
用笔和纸做笔记。
用你自己的语言重新构建信息框架将有助于你更长时间地保留住信息，这意味着你会有更好的回忆能力，在考试中表现也会更好。
Re-framing the information in your own words will help you retain the information longer, meaning you’ll have better recall and will perform better on tests.
用笔和纸做笔记。
用你自己的语言重新构建信息框架将有助于你更长时间地保留住信息，这意味着你会有更好的回忆能力，在考试中表现也会更好。
2. Have effective note-taking skills.
The better your notes are, the faster you’ll learn. So, before you learn a new topic, make sure you learn different strategies for note taking. Some basic tips for note taking include:
· Listen and take notes in your own words.
· Leave spaces and lines between main ideas so you can revisit them later and add information.
· Develop a consistent system of abbreviations and symbols to save time.
· Write in phrases, not complete sentences.
· Learn to pull out important information and ignore trivial information.
具有有效的笔记技巧。
你的笔记写得越好，你就学得越快。所以，在你学习一个新的主题之前，一定要学会不同的记笔记策略。记笔记的一些基本技巧包括：
听完后用自己的话做笔记。
在不同信息之间留出空间和线条，以便以后可以重新讨论并添加信息。
设计一致的缩写和符号系统以节省时间。
用短语来写，而不是完整的句子。
学会提取重要信息，忽略琐碎信息。
The better your notes are, the faster you’ll learn. So, before you learn a new topic, make sure you learn different strategies for note taking. Some basic tips for note taking include:
· Listen and take notes in your own words.
· Leave spaces and lines between main ideas so you can revisit them later and add information.
· Develop a consistent system of abbreviations and symbols to save time.
· Write in phrases, not complete sentences.
· Learn to pull out important information and ignore trivial information.
具有有效的笔记技巧。
你的笔记写得越好，你就学得越快。所以，在你学习一个新的主题之前，一定要学会不同的记笔记策略。记笔记的一些基本技巧包括：
听完后用自己的话做笔记。
在不同信息之间留出空间和线条，以便以后可以重新讨论并添加信息。
设计一致的缩写和符号系统以节省时间。
用短语来写，而不是完整的句子。
学会提取重要信息，忽略琐碎信息。
3. Distributed practice.
This method involves distributing multiple practices on a topic over a period of time. The first step is to take thorough notes while the topic is being discussed. Afterward, take a few minutes to look over your notes, making any additions or changes to add detail and ensure accuracy.
分步骤式实践。
此方法涉及在一段时间内分发关于一个主题的多个实践。第一步是讨论这个主题时做详尽的笔记。之后再花几分钟的时间检查你的笔记，做一些补充或修改以增加细节并确保准确性。
This method involves distributing multiple practices on a topic over a period of time. The first step is to take thorough notes while the topic is being discussed. Afterward, take a few minutes to look over your notes, making any additions or changes to add detail and ensure accuracy.
分步骤式实践。
此方法涉及在一段时间内分发关于一个主题的多个实践。第一步是讨论这个主题时做详尽的笔记。之后再花几分钟的时间检查你的笔记，做一些补充或修改以增加细节并确保准确性。
4. Study, sleep, more study.
Research shows a strong connection between sleep and learning. Getting some shut-eye is an important element in bolstering how our brains remember something. Therefore a person must take good sleep in order to learn faster and more efficiently.
学习与睡觉相结合能帮助学得更多。
研究表明，睡眠和学习之间有很强的联系。睡觉是增强大脑记忆能力的一个重要因素。因此，一个人必须睡好觉才能更快更有效地学习。
Research shows a strong connection between sleep and learning. Getting some shut-eye is an important element in bolstering how our brains remember something. Therefore a person must take good sleep in order to learn faster and more efficiently.
学习与睡觉相结合能帮助学得更多。
研究表明，睡眠和学习之间有很强的联系。睡觉是增强大脑记忆能力的一个重要因素。因此，一个人必须睡好觉才能更快更有效地学习。
5. Modify your practice.
If you're learning a skill, don’t do the same thing over and over. Making slight changes during repeated practice sessions will help you master a skill faster than doing it the same way every time.
改变你的做法。
如果你在学习一项技能，不要反复做同样的事情。在反复练习的过程中做些细微的改变会帮助你更快地掌握一项技能，而不是每次都用同样的方法。
If you're learning a skill, don’t do the same thing over and over. Making slight changes during repeated practice sessions will help you master a skill faster than doing it the same way every time.
改变你的做法。
如果你在学习一项技能，不要反复做同样的事情。在反复练习的过程中做些细微的改变会帮助你更快地掌握一项技能，而不是每次都用同样的方法。
6. Try a mnemonic device.
One of the best ways to memorize a large amount of information quickly is to use a mnemonic device: a pattern of letters, sounds or other associations that assist in learning something. Mnemonics help you simplify, summarize and compress information to make it easier to learn.
尝试助记手段。
快速记忆大量信息的最好方法之一是使用助记手段：一种字母，声音或其他有助于学习某些东西的联想模式。助记手段刻意帮助你简化、总结和压缩信息，使之更易于学习。
One of the best ways to memorize a large amount of information quickly is to use a mnemonic device: a pattern of letters, sounds or other associations that assist in learning something. Mnemonics help you simplify, summarize and compress information to make it easier to learn.
尝试助记手段。
快速记忆大量信息的最好方法之一是使用助记手段：一种字母，声音或其他有助于学习某些东西的联想模式。助记手段刻意帮助你简化、总结和压缩信息，使之更易于学习。
7. Use brain breaks to restore focus.
Information overload is a real thing. In order to learn something new, the best way to combat this is by taking a “brain break,” or simply shifting your activity to focus on something new. Even a five-minute break can relieve brain fatigue and help you refocus.
利用大脑休息来恢复注意力。
信息过载是确实存在的。为了学习新的东西，最好的方法是通过“大脑休息”，或者把你的注意力集中在新的东西上。即使是五分钟的休息也能缓解大脑疲劳，帮助你重新集中注意力。
Information overload is a real thing. In order to learn something new, the best way to combat this is by taking a “brain break,” or simply shifting your activity to focus on something new. Even a five-minute break can relieve brain fatigue and help you refocus.
利用大脑休息来恢复注意力。
信息过载是确实存在的。为了学习新的东西，最好的方法是通过“大脑休息”，或者把你的注意力集中在新的东西上。即使是五分钟的休息也能缓解大脑疲劳，帮助你重新集中注意力。
8. Stay hydrated.
Staying hydrated is also a key to our cognitive abilities. Drinking water can actually make us smarter. According to one study, students who took water with them to an examination room performed better than those who didn’t.
保持水分。
保持水分也是我们认知能力的关键。喝水实际上可以让我们更聪明。根据一项研究，带水去考场的学生比不带水的学生表现更好。
Staying hydrated is also a key to our cognitive abilities. Drinking water can actually make us smarter. According to one study, students who took water with them to an examination room performed better than those who didn’t.
保持水分。
保持水分也是我们认知能力的关键。喝水实际上可以让我们更聪明。根据一项研究，带水去考场的学生比不带水的学生表现更好。
9. Learn information in multiple ways.
You can do this by using different media to stimulate different parts of the brain, such as reading notes, reading the textbook, watching a video and listening to a podcast or audio file on the topic. The more resources you use, the faster you’ll learn.
通过多种方式学习信息。
你可以通过使用不同的媒介来刺激大脑的不同部分，比如阅读笔记、阅读课本、观看视频以及收听关于这个主题的播客或音频文件。你使用的资源越多，学习的速度就越快。
You can do this by using different media to stimulate different parts of the brain, such as reading notes, reading the textbook, watching a video and listening to a podcast or audio file on the topic. The more resources you use, the faster you’ll learn.
通过多种方式学习信息。
你可以通过使用不同的媒介来刺激大脑的不同部分，比如阅读笔记、阅读课本、观看视频以及收听关于这个主题的播客或音频文件。你使用的资源越多，学习的速度就越快。
10. Connect what you learn with something you know.
The more you can relate new concepts to ideas that you already understand, the faster the you’ll learn the new information. By doing this, you’ll find additional layers of meaning in the new material. This will help you fundamentally understand it better, and you’ll be able to recall it more accurately.
把你所学的和已知的知识联系起来。
你越能将新概念与你已经理解的知识联系起来，你就越能更快地了解新信息。通过这样做，你会在新学习材料中发现更多的含义。这将帮助你从根本上更好地理解它的同时能够更准确地回忆它。
The more you can relate new concepts to ideas that you already understand, the faster the you’ll learn the new information. By doing this, you’ll find additional layers of meaning in the new material. This will help you fundamentally understand it better, and you’ll be able to recall it more accurately.
把你所学的和已知的知识联系起来。
你越能将新概念与你已经理解的知识联系起来，你就越能更快地了解新信息。通过这样做，你会在新学习材料中发现更多的含义。这将帮助你从根本上更好地理解它的同时能够更准确地回忆它。
Sanjay, personal researches done during high school
Usually when people have trouble concentrating, it's not because they are failing to do something, rather it's because they are doing something that they really shouldn't, so let's start there:
Things NOT to do while studying:
通常，当人们难以集中注意力时，这并不是因为他们没有做某事，而是因为他们在做一些本来不该做的事情，所以让我们从这点开始：
学习时不要做的事情：
Usually when people have trouble concentrating, it's not because they are failing to do something, rather it's because they are doing something that they really shouldn't, so let's start there:
Things NOT to do while studying:
通常，当人们难以集中注意力时，这并不是因为他们没有做某事，而是因为他们在做一些本来不该做的事情，所以让我们从这点开始：
学习时不要做的事情：
- Have company over. No better way to get distracted than to have your best friend on the couch but 3 feet away. I think the reason why this is a distraction is rather obvious.
让朋友过来。最好的分心方式莫过于让你最好的朋友坐在沙发上，且离你只有3英尺远。我认为这很明显就是一个分心的原因。
让朋友过来。最好的分心方式莫过于让你最好的朋友坐在沙发上，且离你只有3英尺远。我认为这很明显就是一个分心的原因。
- Play music/watch TV/etc. I hear from so many teenagers "Oh but I study better when I do those things!". Utter horse sh*t! Psychological study after study after study has demonstrated what is called "The cocktail party effect" which states that the brain is only capable of focusing on one thing at any one given split moment in time. It is IMPOSSIBLE to both actively listen to your favorite CD AND read a book. Every second you will be sextively tuning one out while focusing on the other, guess which one usually gets tuned out? That right! The book you're reading!
There are some studies that indicate listening to instrumental music can be beneficial because it taps more into your subconscious rather than utilize specific speech receptors in your brain, so if you MUST listen to music, listen to some Jazz, Classical, percussion, etc. Nothing with lyrics.
放音乐、看电视等等。我听到许多青少年说：“哦，但我做这些事情时学习效果会更好！”。绝对是瞎扯！一项又一项的心理学研究证明了所谓的“鸡尾酒会效应”，即大脑在任何一个特定的瞬间只能专注于一件事。你不可能既积极地听你最喜欢的CD，又同时在读一本书。每一秒你都会有选择地将其中一个信息排斥开，然后专注于另一个信息，猜猜哪一个通常被排斥？没错！就是你正在读的书！
有一些研究表明，听器乐是有益的，因为它更多地进入你的潜意识，而不是利用你大脑中特定的语言感受器，所以如果你必须听音乐，听一些爵士乐，古典乐，打击乐等。不要带歌词那种。
There are some studies that indicate listening to instrumental music can be beneficial because it taps more into your subconscious rather than utilize specific speech receptors in your brain, so if you MUST listen to music, listen to some Jazz, Classical, percussion, etc. Nothing with lyrics.
放音乐、看电视等等。我听到许多青少年说：“哦，但我做这些事情时学习效果会更好！”。绝对是瞎扯！一项又一项的心理学研究证明了所谓的“鸡尾酒会效应”，即大脑在任何一个特定的瞬间只能专注于一件事。你不可能既积极地听你最喜欢的CD，又同时在读一本书。每一秒你都会有选择地将其中一个信息排斥开，然后专注于另一个信息，猜猜哪一个通常被排斥？没错！就是你正在读的书！
有一些研究表明，听器乐是有益的，因为它更多地进入你的潜意识，而不是利用你大脑中特定的语言感受器，所以如果你必须听音乐，听一些爵士乐，古典乐，打击乐等。不要带歌词那种。
- Waiting until the last minute / wrong time to study. Procrastination obviously is maladaptive to a studious nature. If you desire to fail, easiest slow-term way to accomplish that is by procrastination. There is also an operative time of day to study as well. Again, there have been numerous psychological studies that have shown that technical/analytical studies like mathematics and science are best studied in the morning while more global studies such as history/english/literature, etc are best studied later in the evening. We have no scientific explanation for why this is so, only insurmountable data to confirm it. Studying RIGHT before bed is always bad. What your brain acquires up to an hour before falling asleep will almost ALWAYS be forgotten. Your brain doesn't bother committing such things to memory at all because most things that happen an hour before bed are rather trivial (why exactly do you need to remember having brushed your teeth or changed into your pajamas? It would be an utter waste of memory space if your brain bothered remembering such nonsense). Trying to remember what happened an hour before going to sleep the night before is documented as being just as difficult as trying to remember what happened when DRUNK the night before. I'm sure I don't have to explain how difficult that is to you ;-)
Now for the more PROACTIVE things that can HELP you study:
等到最后一分钟或在错误的时间学习。如果你想失败，最简单的方法就是拖延。每天有一个适合学习的时间段。同样，大量的心理学研究表明，像数学和科学这样的技术或分析研究最好在上午进行，而像历史、英语、文学等更多的全球性研究最好在晚上进行。为什么会这样，我们没有科学的解释，只有无法逾越的数据来证实。睡前学习总是不好的。你的大脑在入睡前一小时所获得的东西几乎总是会被遗忘。你的大脑根本不需要把这些事情记在记忆里，因为大多数睡前一小时发生的事情都是很琐碎的（为什么您还需要记住刷牙或换上睡衣的确切原因呢？如果你的大脑不愿意记住这些废话，那就完全浪费了你的记忆空间。据记录，试图记住前一个晚上睡觉前一个小时发生的事情与试图记住前一天晚上喝醉时发生的事情一样困难。 我确定我不必向您解释这有多难，你也能明白的）
现在来看看能帮助你学习的更积极主动的技巧：
Now for the more PROACTIVE things that can HELP you study:
等到最后一分钟或在错误的时间学习。如果你想失败，最简单的方法就是拖延。每天有一个适合学习的时间段。同样，大量的心理学研究表明，像数学和科学这样的技术或分析研究最好在上午进行，而像历史、英语、文学等更多的全球性研究最好在晚上进行。为什么会这样，我们没有科学的解释，只有无法逾越的数据来证实。睡前学习总是不好的。你的大脑在入睡前一小时所获得的东西几乎总是会被遗忘。你的大脑根本不需要把这些事情记在记忆里，因为大多数睡前一小时发生的事情都是很琐碎的（为什么您还需要记住刷牙或换上睡衣的确切原因呢？如果你的大脑不愿意记住这些废话，那就完全浪费了你的记忆空间。据记录，试图记住前一个晚上睡觉前一个小时发生的事情与试图记住前一天晚上喝醉时发生的事情一样困难。 我确定我不必向您解释这有多难，你也能明白的）
现在来看看能帮助你学习的更积极主动的技巧：
1 Use certain memory tricks in order to remember crucial, specific items. Mnemonics and experience-dependent memory tricks work the best (scientifically tested as such). Mnemonics are "word-games" that help you remember a certain thing. Example:
If I wanted to memorize the colors of the visible light spectrum, it may be difficult remembering the seven main colors, however if I remember (in order) the entire thing by say one name, it will be much easier:
Roy G. Biv
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet.
Which is easier to memorize?
The only possible problem with this study trick is that you have to be creative for it to work. No one can teach you how to do mnemonics nor can anyone always make one up for you, you're kind of on your own. However once you get the hang of it, it becomes the most valuable study tool ever.
使用某些记忆技巧来记住关键的、特定的项目。经过科学测试，助记工具和依赖经验的记忆技巧效果最好。助记工具是帮助你记住某件事的“文字游戏”。例如：
如果我想记住可见光光谱的颜色，可能很难记住七种主要颜色，但是如果我用一个按顺序名字记住整个东西，就会容易得多：
If I wanted to memorize the colors of the visible light spectrum, it may be difficult remembering the seven main colors, however if I remember (in order) the entire thing by say one name, it will be much easier:
Roy G. Biv
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet.
Which is easier to memorize?
The only possible problem with this study trick is that you have to be creative for it to work. No one can teach you how to do mnemonics nor can anyone always make one up for you, you're kind of on your own. However once you get the hang of it, it becomes the most valuable study tool ever.
使用某些记忆技巧来记住关键的、特定的项目。经过科学测试，助记工具和依赖经验的记忆技巧效果最好。助记工具是帮助你记住某件事的“文字游戏”。例如：
如果我想记住可见光光谱的颜色，可能很难记住七种主要颜色，但是如果我用一个按顺序名字记住整个东西，就会容易得多：
Roy G. Biv
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet （红橙黄绿蓝青紫）
哪个更容易记住？
这个学习技巧唯一可能的问题是你必须要有创造力才能发挥作用。没有人能教你如何使用助记工具，也没有人总是能为你设计一个，你得有自己的特色。然而一旦你掌握了窍门，它就成了最有价值的学习工具。
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet （红橙黄绿蓝青紫）
哪个更容易记住？
这个学习技巧唯一可能的问题是你必须要有创造力才能发挥作用。没有人能教你如何使用助记工具，也没有人总是能为你设计一个，你得有自己的特色。然而一旦你掌握了窍门，它就成了最有价值的学习工具。
2. Experience dependent memory works by tapping into your emotional and experiential bank. Psychologists have once again determined that when information seems pertinent or important to an individual, that individual is more likely to commit such information to memory. Relating a History story to an experience you had with your family, or maybe having learned of something similar when you went to a museum once will help you remember. Sometimes even trying to remember the actual context you yourself were in when you first learned the information will help you remember. This here SAVED MY A$$ in med school. There were so many times that at the last minute I remember a test answer simply by visualizing in my head my actual "experience" of the lecture in which I learned the material rather than focusing on the material itself.
依赖经验的记忆是通过利用你的情感和经验库来工作的。心理学家再次确定，当信息对一个人来说似乎是相关或重要时，这个人更有可能将这些信息投入记忆。把一个历史故事和你与家人的经历联系起来，或者去博物馆时学到类似的东西也将有助于您记忆。有时，甚至试着记住你自己在第一次学习信息时所处的实际环境也会帮助你记忆。这帮我在中学时保住了A的成绩。有很多次，只是想着想像一下我对课堂的实际“体验”，我就在最后一刻记起了测试的答案，在这些课堂上，我学习到了知识，但又不仅仅是专注于知识本身。
依赖经验的记忆是通过利用你的情感和经验库来工作的。心理学家再次确定，当信息对一个人来说似乎是相关或重要时，这个人更有可能将这些信息投入记忆。把一个历史故事和你与家人的经历联系起来，或者去博物馆时学到类似的东西也将有助于您记忆。有时，甚至试着记住你自己在第一次学习信息时所处的实际环境也会帮助你记忆。这帮我在中学时保住了A的成绩。有很多次，只是想着想像一下我对课堂的实际“体验”，我就在最后一刻记起了测试的答案，在这些课堂上，我学习到了知识，但又不仅仅是专注于知识本身。
3. Out of our five senses, SMELL has been documented as being most closely related to memory. Again, scientists don't know WHY, all they know is that it is in fact true. Have you ever crossed a stranger but made a snap, subconscious judgment about them based upon something as trivial as the cologne or perfume they were wearing? This is likely because that smell brought back an unpleasant memory of SOMEONE ELSE! I had this roommate who used the same fabric softener as my ex. (I know this sounds really lame, but bear with me). Well within weeks I couldn't STAND his presence anymore. We were getting into stupid arguments that people in relationships should be getting into NOT roommates! After he switched brands for cost's sake, our fighting subsided. So how can you take this phenomenon and make it work for you?
Find some kind of scent (and this can work for any sense, it's just that smell works best) that you are likely not exposed to frequently (this is VERY important). I used to use the flavor of strawberry gum (it's very unique, and very few things in my everyday life smelled like strawberry gum). Incorporate this scent into your environment (in my case with the gum, I'd chew it) ONLY when you are studying. Don't do it when you're watching TV, listening to music, driving, talking on the phone, etc because you'll start to associate THOSE memories with the smell. The obxt is to associate ONLY the memories related to what you're studying.
You then use that scent one more time during the TEST. It's simple substitution. Maybe you could use a very unique smelling cologne (that very few people have and one that you won't be tempted to use in ordinary situations) wear it when you study, then wear it again during the test. It may just help.
Please note that these are all TRICKS OF THE TRADE. These are means by which you can ENHANCE your studying, nonetheless you still have to do the dirty work of picking up the book and reading it over and over again until you memorize important concepts. Using the above methods ALONE will do absolutely nothing for you.
在我们的五种感官中，嗅觉与记忆的关系最为密切。科学家们同样也不知道为什么，他们只知道这是事实。你有没有遇到过一个陌生人，你会根据他们身上喷的古龙水或香水等琐碎的东西，对他们下意识地做出一个突然的判断？这很可能是因为那股气味让人想起了另一个人！我有一个室友，他和我的前男友用的是同一种织物柔软剂。几周之内我就再也受不了他总是“出现”了。在她出于成本考虑更换品牌之后，我们的争吵平息了。那么，你如何看待这一现象并使其为你所用呢？
找到一些你可能不经常接触的气味（这对任何感觉都有效，只是气味效果最好，这一点非常重要）。我曾经用过草莓口香糖的味道（它非常独特，我日常生活中很少有东西闻起来像草莓口香糖）。只有在你学习的时候，才会将这种气味融入你的环境中，以我的口香糖为例，我会在学习时咀嚼它。当你在看电视、听音乐、开车、打电话等的时候不要这样做，因为你会开始把那些记忆和气味联系起来。毕竟目的是只把它与你所学内容相关的记忆联系起来就行。
然后在测试过程中再使用一次这种气味进行简单的替代。也许你可以用一种味道独特的古龙水：很少有人用过，在一般情况下你也不会用，在学习的时候喷上它，然后在考试的时候再喷一次。这也许会有帮助。
请注意，这些都是诀窍。它们都是可以加强你学习的方法，但是你仍然要做一些艰苦的工作：拿起书，一遍又一遍地读，直到你记住重要的概念，仅使用上述方法对你毫无帮助。
Find some kind of scent (and this can work for any sense, it's just that smell works best) that you are likely not exposed to frequently (this is VERY important). I used to use the flavor of strawberry gum (it's very unique, and very few things in my everyday life smelled like strawberry gum). Incorporate this scent into your environment (in my case with the gum, I'd chew it) ONLY when you are studying. Don't do it when you're watching TV, listening to music, driving, talking on the phone, etc because you'll start to associate THOSE memories with the smell. The obxt is to associate ONLY the memories related to what you're studying.
You then use that scent one more time during the TEST. It's simple substitution. Maybe you could use a very unique smelling cologne (that very few people have and one that you won't be tempted to use in ordinary situations) wear it when you study, then wear it again during the test. It may just help.
Please note that these are all TRICKS OF THE TRADE. These are means by which you can ENHANCE your studying, nonetheless you still have to do the dirty work of picking up the book and reading it over and over again until you memorize important concepts. Using the above methods ALONE will do absolutely nothing for you.
在我们的五种感官中，嗅觉与记忆的关系最为密切。科学家们同样也不知道为什么，他们只知道这是事实。你有没有遇到过一个陌生人，你会根据他们身上喷的古龙水或香水等琐碎的东西，对他们下意识地做出一个突然的判断？这很可能是因为那股气味让人想起了另一个人！我有一个室友，他和我的前男友用的是同一种织物柔软剂。几周之内我就再也受不了他总是“出现”了。在她出于成本考虑更换品牌之后，我们的争吵平息了。那么，你如何看待这一现象并使其为你所用呢？
找到一些你可能不经常接触的气味（这对任何感觉都有效，只是气味效果最好，这一点非常重要）。我曾经用过草莓口香糖的味道（它非常独特，我日常生活中很少有东西闻起来像草莓口香糖）。只有在你学习的时候，才会将这种气味融入你的环境中，以我的口香糖为例，我会在学习时咀嚼它。当你在看电视、听音乐、开车、打电话等的时候不要这样做，因为你会开始把那些记忆和气味联系起来。毕竟目的是只把它与你所学内容相关的记忆联系起来就行。
然后在测试过程中再使用一次这种气味进行简单的替代。也许你可以用一种味道独特的古龙水：很少有人用过，在一般情况下你也不会用，在学习的时候喷上它，然后在考试的时候再喷一次。这也许会有帮助。
请注意，这些都是诀窍。它们都是可以加强你学习的方法，但是你仍然要做一些艰苦的工作：拿起书，一遍又一遍地读，直到你记住重要的概念，仅使用上述方法对你毫无帮助。
很赞 (1)
学习
相关链接
-
- 芬兰囚犯住在开放式监狱里，在那里他们可以学习技术技能 2020/12/10 15973 56 1
-
- 网友讨论： 中国“折叠人”经过4次手术后重新学习走路 2020/12/09 29181 41 1
-
- 论文脱水指南：人工神经网络和深度学习 2020/10/19 10565 17 1
-
- 世界需要向中国学习！ 2020/10/12 40441 46 1
-
- 怎样才能更快学习新知识？ 2020/08/28 13713 11 1
-
- 网友讨论：美参议员说不应该允许中国学生在美国学习科学技术 2020/05/19 54217 82 1
-
- 学习普通话的五大理由 2020/05/12 21234 29 1
-
- 学习的好方法是什么? 2020/03/26 19633 26 1
闽公网安备 35020302001346号
该译文暂不支持评论哦