欧盟圈讨论：除意大利外，罗马帝国留下的遗产最多、印记最深的国家是？-网帖翻译-龙腾网

1、I live close to lyon (or lugdunum in latin), which has an entire museum dedicated to gallo-roman culture, built next to a roman amphitheater.
The french south-east has a lot of roman ruins, though it is more seen as cool historical places than our cradle or something.

（法）我住的地方距离里昂（拉丁文写法为lugdunum）很近，那里有个博物馆专门致力于高卢-罗马文化，就建在了一个古罗马圆形剧场边上。
法国东南部有很多罗马遗迹，虽然它们更多是被看成很酷的古迹，而不是我们的摇篮之类的。
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Since 1870, the French Republic has been pushing the Gauls as our spiritual ancestors. And before that, it was the Franks.

（回复1）自1870年以来，法兰西共和国一直在推动把高卢人当成我们精神祖先的运动。而在那之前，是法兰克人。

2、Greeks called themselves Romans (Romioi) until a couple hundred years ago. Nowadays most Greeks wont take pride in having been Roman, but taking into account religion and the Eastern Roman Empire etc then Greece retains a lot of Roman heritage.
Edit: and then there's a few nutters who say Constantine XI (the last Roman emperor) will rise from the grave to take Constantinople and restore the Empire

（荷兰-希腊混血）希腊人直到两百年前还自称罗马人（Romioi）。如今的大部分希腊人并不会因为曾经是罗马人而骄傲，但考虑到宗教和东罗马帝国等，希腊还是保留了很多罗马遗产的。

Not to mention that the Roman Empire also borrowed a lot from the Greeks, so it's kind of a mutual influence.

（回复1）（巴西）更不用说罗马帝国还向希腊人借了好多钱，所以可以算作是一种相互影响。

Fun fact, we still call Greek Cypriots "Rum" (aka Roman) in Turkish! (And sometimes as "Kıbrıslı Rumlar" aka "Cypriot Romans")

（回复2）（在德土耳其人）有趣的事实是：在土耳其语中，我们仍然会把希腊人和塞浦路斯人称为“Rum”（也即罗马人）！有些时候则会叫他们“Kıbrıslı Rumlar”，也即“塞浦路斯罗马人”

Even pre-Byzantine stuff is well represented and preserved. Many a temple, theater, and forum/agora was built or refurbished by the Romans after they conquered Greece

（回复3）（美国/希腊）甚至连拜占庭帝国之前的遗迹也得到了很好的保存和呈现。罗马人征服希腊后，建造/翻新了许多神庙、剧场和议事广场。

3、I would say Spain.

（意/德）我会选西班牙。

The obvious candidates for that title would be the former provinces where a neolatin language is spoken.

这个头衔，显而易见的候选是那些说新拉丁语的前（罗马）行省。

Out of those, the ones where the Romans stayed the longest and built the most were Spain and France (Romania aka Dacia was one of the last territories to be conquered and it was mostly a limes, i.e. a border region. Portugal was a bit too rural and an outlier geographically. Switzerland and Belgium only have a minority of people speaking a neolatin language).

在这些行省中，罗马人驻留时间最长、兴造之物最多的就是西班牙和法国了（罗马尼亚，也即达契亚，是最后一批被征服的领土之一，大部分位于边界地区。葡萄牙有点过于乡村化了，而且从地理上属于局外人。瑞士和比利时只有一小部分人说新拉丁语）。

France would be a good candidate considering that the South, especially the Gallia Narbonensis, was heavily Romanised and with large flourishing Roman coloniae like Nimes and Narbonne, and also because the Kingdom of Soissons was the last remnant of the Western Roman Empire before the final collapse, but the problem is that the French see themselves as the heirs of the Gauls and so the narrative is that of a struggle with the Romans.

考虑到法国南方，特别是纳尔邦高卢是高度罗马化的地区，还有尼姆和纳尔邦这种欣欣向荣的大型罗马殖民地，苏瓦松王国还是西罗马帝国在最终崩溃前最后的残余部分，因此法国也是很有实力的候选国，但问题是，法国人自认为是高卢人的继承者，所以在这种叙事中，说的是同罗马人的斗争。
（译注：纳尔邦高卢位于今法国南部沿海一带，公元前2世纪罗马扩张至此，约前118年罗马占据纳尔邦古城，改名纳尔邦高卢行省，又名普罗旺斯；苏瓦松王国是高卢北部塞纳河和索姆河之间的残存国家，该政权的统治者，尤其是末代国王被周边的日耳曼部落称为“罗马人的国王”）

Spain, on the other hand, was colonised quite earlier in the parts that were former possessions of the Carthaginians, also had significant cities founded by the Romans and even gave birth to a couple of our most prominent emperors, like Trajan and Hadrian, both native of Italica, current Seville. And the Celtic history of pre Roman Spain is, as far as I know, not stressed or particularly remembered in Spain. Also, at one point Iberia was a massive exporter of olive oil for the empire.

另一方面，西班牙在迦太基人的前领地上被殖民的时间就要早得多了，也有罗马人建立的重要城市，这里甚至还降生了几位对我们来说最杰出的皇帝，比如图拉真和哈德良，这两人都是意大利加（Italica）本地人，也就是今天的塞维利亚。而西班牙在罗马帝国之前的凯尔特人历史，据我所知，在西班牙并没有被强调，也没有被刻意铭记。而且，伊比利亚半岛还一度为罗马帝国大宗出口橄榄油。

The Celtic history is not stressed because it left very little imprint in the culture, given it was only a language. The Roman heritage is by far the most impactful one in Spain, although I would not say there is any particular pride in being Roman here. Spanish identity was synonymous with Catholicism rather than a particular ethnic group or culture for a very long time, and now that it’s on the wane there isn’t really anything to replace it with.

（回复1）（西）凯尔特人的历史没有被强调，是因为它在西班牙文化中留下的印记极少，毕竟它只是一种语言而已。承自罗马的遗产是迄今为止在西班牙影响最大的遗产，虽然我不觉得我们这里的人对身为罗马人有什么特别的自豪感。长久以来，天主教一直是西班牙人身份认同的代名词，而不是某个特定的族群或文化，而现在，这种身份认同正日益淡薄，也没有什么东西能真正取代它。

And the King of Spain officially has the title of Emperor of the Roman Empire.

（回复2）（西-巴斯克地区）而且罗马帝国皇帝是西班牙国王的正式头衔。

Spain does a fantastic job.
I was blown away by the amount of well preserved Roman architecture. Loved it.

（回复3）西班牙在相关工作上的表现极为出色。
他们保存完好的罗马建筑之多，深深打动了我。我非常喜欢。

4、We have well-preserved ruins, but we don't have that sense of pride you are describing as our history is extensive and we have had more glorious times.

（葡）我们有保存完好的废墟，但我们并没有你所描述的那种自豪感，因为我们自己的历史已然很厚重了，而且我们有过比罗马帝国更辉煌的时代。

Our national myth involves fighting of the Roman's (Viriato) so I think we don't apply. But we were even more glorious for a while sooo...

（回复1）（葡）我们的民族神话《维里托亚》就涉及和罗马人的斗争，所以我觉得我们不符合。但我们在那之前还是辉煌过一阵的，所以…
（译注：公元前147年，罗马人在推进到卢西塔尼亚地区时遭到由维里托亚领导的当地人的顽强抵抗，耗费八年才镇压下去）

Yeah, there's more pride towards our Lusitanian ancestors than the Romans themselves.

（回复2）（葡）是啊，我们的卢西塔尼亚祖先带给我们的自豪感是超过罗马人的。

5、The non-romance countries can be pretty interesting to study too. Croatia have kept a lot of Roman influences in Dalmatia, so it's probably the most Roman non-romance country.

（瑞典）研究一下非罗马国家也会很有意思的。克罗地亚在达尔马提亚地区留存了很多罗马的影响，所以该国可能是最有罗马味道的非罗马国家了。

6、Spain

是西班牙

We live in cities setup by Romans. We use theatres build by Romans to represent Roman plays even in this hard times. We consider the period as roman provinces an ethnogenesis of our people and our colonial endeavours a continuation of Roman territorial expansion.

我们生活在罗马人建立的城市里。我们用罗马人建造的剧院来表现罗马人的戏剧，即使在当下这个艰困的时期都是如此。在我们眼里，我们这个民族就形成于成为罗马行省的那个时期，而我们努力殖民，就是罗马领土扩张的一种延续。

Our law is based in the principle: "use the Roman law and if not better you have a really good excuse". Our diet/agroeconomy is based deeply in the Roman. Our language is Latin with extrasteps.

我们的法律是建立在这样的原则之上："使用罗马法，就算没有更好的，那你也有一个非常不错的借口"。我们的饮食和农业经济，和罗马人的渊源甚深。我们的语言是得到了进一步发展的拉丁语。

To sum up, in our country Roma isn't a legacy, we're Romans.

归根结底一句话：在我们国家，罗马并不是一种遗产，我们就是罗马人。

Also pretty fucking cool to go for a walk in the middle of nowhere and just find a giant Roman mine or an aquaduct there. I honestly love how I have been all my life using a Roman aquaduct as a bridge cuz I don't want to actually walk to the bridge to cross the river, how normal it is to just use Roman architecture over here

（回复1）（西-安达卢西亚）而且，在前不着村后不着店的地方散步的时候，突然发现一个巨大的罗马矿井或是一座罗马渡槽也是相当酷的。老实说，我很喜欢我这辈子一直都把罗马渡槽当成桥来用，因为我不希望在过河的时候，真的走到桥上去，直接使用那里的罗马建筑太稀松平常了

（图解：古罗马式渡槽（即水道桥））

And our roads follow roman roads, we literally walk on the steps of the romans

（回复2）（西）而且我们的道路仿效的也是罗马人的道路，我们是真的走在罗马人的阶梯上

I think the city of Segovia is the best example

（回复3）（西）我认为，塞戈维亚市是最好的例子

A fair few Roman Emperors and Roman army generals of both the Republic and Empire era etc were Spanish and or from Spain if not of Spanish descent themselves as well.

（回复4）（英格兰）好几位罗马皇帝和罗马将军（共和国时期以及帝国时期）都是西班牙人，就算不是西班牙人的后裔也是从西班牙来的。

And you still upholding the great Roman tradition of bullfighting!

（回复5）而且你们仍然维护着罗马斗牛的伟大传统！

7、We don't have many buildings left from Roman times, but we are very proud to be descendants of Rome. We even called our nation after it.

（罗马尼亚）罗马时代的建筑物在我们这里留下的不多，但能成为罗马的后裔，我们还是非常骄傲的。连我们自己的国家都是用罗马来命名的。

Also taking into consideration this verse of our national anthem: “Now or never let us give proof to the world That in these veins a Roman blood still flows, That in our chests we hold a name with pride, Victorious in battles, the name of Trajan!”

（回复1）（罗马尼亚）我们的国歌中有一句也可以思考一下：
“趁现在，不然就再无机会，让我们向全世界证明，在我们的血管里仍奔涌着罗马人的血，在我们的胸膛中骄傲地铭记着一个名字，百战百胜的图拉真圣名！”
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When I went to Romania I was amazed about how the language is similar to Italian. I then learned that it's because Traiano and the wars in Dacia left behind an impressive number of people who settled there and, speaking Roman, influenced the language.

（回复2）（意）我造访罗马尼亚的时候，惊叹于他们的语言那么像意大利语。然后我发现，这是因为图拉真和在达契亚发生的战争使得一大批人留在了那里，他们定居下来，说的是罗马的语言，于是就影响到了当地的语言。

I was immediately thinking of Romania but I'm not particularly qualified to talk about how Romanians see that part of their history.

（回复3）（德）我立刻就想到了罗马尼亚，但我不太有资格谈论罗马尼亚人对这段历史的看法。
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What I do know is that it's possible to get a general idea of a simple Romanian sentence just by knowing Latin. I knew a Romanian at university and he liked setting his Whatsapp status to short sentences like "I am a bat" in Romanian and I always had a blast deciphering those without knowing a word of Romanian.

但我确凿知道的是：只要懂拉丁语，那就有可能明白一句简单的罗马尼亚语句子的大致意思。我在大学里认识一个罗马尼亚人，他喜欢在Whatsapp上把状态设置成“我是只蝙蝠”这样的罗马尼亚语短句子，而我这个罗马尼亚语单词一个也不认识的人，总能三下五除二把它们破译出来。

8、Greece. Even with its separate history of Byzantium, the two influenced each other and everyone else unimaginably. So many similarities can be seen today between Greeks and Italians reminiscent of their empires and shared histories. Any book you read can give you so much more depth into this but definitely Greece, even if it's not necessarily "Roman".

（美）是希腊。尽管他们拥有独立的拜占庭历史，这两者也互相影响过，绞缠之深是其他所有人都无法想象的。在今天的希腊人和意大利人身上，可以看到太多的相似之处，会让人忆起他们的帝国和共同的历史。你读的任何一本书都能让你更深入地认识到这个事实，但绝对是希腊，哪怕他们未必是“罗马人”。

9、Not really Roman pride but we commonly to our cultural heritage as « gallo-roman » which is the marriage of Gallic and Roman cultures.

（法）并不会真的为身为罗马人而骄傲，但我们通常会把我们的文化遗产称为“高卢-罗马人”，系高卢文化与罗马文化的结合。

10、san marino, does that count? they actually have a legitimate claim to the roman empire since they're the only sovereign state who interacted with the romans a lot and still stands

（澳）圣马力诺算不算啊？他们其实可以合法地声索罗马帝国，因为他们是唯一同罗马人有过很多互动且仍然健在的主权国家。

11、I genuinely don't think we're any more "Roman" than France or Spain. I also don't think we're more Roman than we're Greek, we're all just part of the classical cultural lineage.
Studying classics in high school should probably be the most important factor, in my opinion.

（意）我真不觉得我们比法国或西班牙更“罗马”。我也不认为我们的罗马部分盖过了我们的希腊部分，我们全都只是古典文化血统中的一部分。
在我看来，在高中阶段学习古希腊和古罗马的经典著作可能是最重要的因素。

12、The Vatican City. Id dare say they are more "roman" than Italy itself, whose biatory and culture is more diverse and has been greatly influenced by Franks, Germanic peoples, Arabs, Normans, etc, whilst the Vatican is basically an almost direct continuation of an originally Roman institution.

是梵蒂冈城。我敢说，他们比意大利还要“罗马”，意大利的文化更多元化，并且深受法兰克人、日耳曼人、阿拉伯人、诺曼人等的影响，而梵蒂冈基本上就是罗马人最初制度/习俗的直接延续。

13、This might come like a bit of a surprise for some people, but Germany is taking very good care of it's roman leftovers and i would even would go as far as to say that some gemran regions are proud of that heritage.

（德）我所说的可能会让有些人感到些许惊讶，但德国对其罗马遗产是呵护备至的，我甚至敢说，德国的一些地区是会为这些遗产而自豪的。

Basically everywhere they found a little bit of Rome we build nice museums. Cities like Cologne and Trier wear the "founded by romans"-badge proudly. Even the faintest of traced are "celebrated".

基本上，无论他们在哪里挖出一点罗马遗迹，我们就会造出漂亮的博物馆。科隆和特里尔这样的城市会骄傲地佩戴写有“由罗马人建立”字样的徽章。连最细微的印记都会拿去“庆祝”一番。

14、It definitely is Greece they carried the torch until 1453.

（匈）绝对是希腊，他们可是把罗马这柄火炬一直擎到了1453年。

15、I haven't seen it mentioned yet, but Tunisia. They take care of the ruins, and have museums dedicated. (for example) The El Jem amphitheatre is the largest in North Africa, nd one of the largest (3rd largest IIRC) in the Empire. There's the Bardo museum in Tunis itself, the village of Dougga (ancient roman village), so many many more sites. The aqueducts in Tunis are still prominent, as are many other features in the Carthage area.

（瑞士）我没见有人提，但我觉得是突尼斯。他们把那些废墟照顾得很好，也有特意为此打造的博物馆。比方说El Jem竞技场就是北非最大的，也是罗马帝国中最大的之一（我没记错的话是第三大）。突尼斯也有巴尔多博物馆，杜加古镇（古罗马的小镇），遗址简直太多了。就像在迦太基地区的其他很多特征一样，渡槽在突尼斯的作用仍很突出。

16、The iberian peninsula was the most romanized region in western europe besides the italic peninsula itself imo. The peoples quickly adopted roman language, culture, and roman names, to the point that all of the names of peasants recorded at the start of the Asturian kingdom were roman, and unlike the britons, they didnt just destroy everything and go back to iron age behavior when the roman empire fell.

（西）在我看来，伊比利亚半岛是除亚平宁半岛外罗马化程度最高的地区。那里的人很快就采用了罗马的语言、文化和罗马名字，都到了这种程度：在阿斯图里亚王国建立之初，连农民的名字也全都是罗马的，而且和英国人不同，在罗马帝国灭亡时，他们并没有毁掉一切然后退回到铁器时代的活法。
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Britons didn't destroy everything. They were abandoned by Rome (for good reason) and were unable to defend themselves against the picts and the Irish, and later the Anglo-Saxons. Plus, most of the Romano-British cities were maintained by the empire and were unsustainable once the empire left.

（回复1）（威尔士）英国人并没有毁掉一切。他们是被罗马抛弃的（理由很充分），而且在皮克特人、爱尔兰人以及后来的盎格鲁-撒克逊人进袭时无力自卫。此外，大部分罗马-英国城市都是由罗马帝国在维持，帝国一旦离去就撑不下去了。

17、Obviously the Greeks... The entire Eastern Roman Empire was Greek. Byzantium was Greek.

明显是希腊人…整个东罗马帝国都是希腊人的。拜占庭是希腊人的。

Even the Macedonian - Roman wars... They were Greek civil wars for the most part. Many Greek city states including the Spartans fought for the Romans, not the Macedonians.. In fact Sparta never even joined Alexander the Greats Macedonian army previously on his conquests. And after Alexanders death, they joined Rome.

甚至连马其顿和罗马的战争…大部分都是希腊人的内战。很多希腊城邦，包括斯巴达人在内都是为罗马人而战的，而不是为马其顿人..事实上，那在之前的亚历山大东征中，斯巴达人从未加入过亚历山大大帝的马其顿军队。而在亚历山大死后，他们就加入了罗马。

As for taking pride of being Roman? Well Greeks, felt betrayed eventually by Western Rome. When the Islamic Caliphate attacked Constantinople (Ottomans) - They were pincered by two sides. The Crusaders actually also attacked the Byzantine Emprire and slaughtered Christian Orthodox too.

至于会不会以身为罗马人为荣？好吧，希腊人会觉得自己最终还是被西罗马帝国给背叛了。当伊斯兰的哈里发进攻君士坦丁堡时，后者是腹背受敌的。那些十字军其实也攻击了拜占庭帝国，还屠戮了东正教徒。

The loss of Constantinople, indeed was not just an Islamic conquest. The Western Roman Empire allowed it to fall, and even attacked it.

君士坦丁堡的陷落其实不只是因为因为伊斯兰的征服。西罗马帝国听任其陷落，甚至还攻打过它。

18、Moscow became the Third Rome->Russian Empire transforms into the Soviet unx -> Kazakhstan became the last member of the USSR -> Astana is the fourth Rome -> Kazakhstan is the last heir of the Roman Empire.

（哈萨克斯坦）莫斯科成了第三罗马
->俄罗斯帝国转变成了苏联
->哈萨克斯坦成为苏联最后一个成员国
->阿斯塔纳成了第四罗马
->哈萨克斯坦是罗马帝国最后的继承者

19、Rome left a beautiful legacy and it's so sad that it doesn't exist today. More importantly, it's a shame the Greeks do not take more pride in their Roman heritage since technically the last of the Roman Empire (Byzantium) died with them by the Ottomans

（波兰）罗马留下了美丽的遗产，今天它们已不复存在，这实在是太让人难过了。更重要的是，希腊人并没有因为他们拥有的罗马遗产而更骄傲几分，实在太可惜了，因为严格说，罗马帝国最后的残余（拜占庭）和他们一起被奥斯曼人杀死了。

It always made me curious why the Greeks, when they regained independence, did not call themselves Byzantium again.

我一直都很好奇，为什么希腊人在重获独立时没有自称拜占庭。

20、the reason why it seems like there's no country that is culturally "more roman" than the others is not because it's been so long that the roman influence faded, but because it's been so long that it has already spread homogeneously everywhere. It is in our law, in our politics, in our technology, in our art and philosophy. And now, with globalisation, to some degree it reached every country in the world. That's why it's hard to answer the question; no one is a roman anymore, but all of us have been so deeply influenced by them that their heritage has become the basic foundation of all modern civilizations, and so we are all very similiar.

（意）为什么看起来没有任何一个国家在文化上比其他国家 "更罗马 "，不是因为已经过去太久而导致罗马的影响逐渐消失，而是因为经过了这么久的时间，罗马文化已经在所有的地方均匀传播开了。它存于我们的法律中，存于我们的政治中，存于我们的科技中，存于我们的艺术和哲学中。而现在，随着全球化的推进，某种程度上说，它已经触及到了全世界的每一个国家。这就是这个问题很难回答的原因，已经没有人是罗马人了，但我们所有人一直都深受他们的影响，而他们的遗产也已经成为了所有现代文明的根基，所以我们全都很相似。