QA:中国是不是靠着对美欧技术产品进行“逆向工程”的能力，才为自己成为世界发展中国家所需产品的主要出口国铺平了道路？
Has China’s ability to “reverse engineer” technical products from the US and Europe paved the way for their emergence as a major exporter of products required by the developing nations of the world?
译文简介
中国是不是靠着对美欧技术产品进行“逆向工程”的能力，才为自己成为世界发展中国家所需产品的主要出口国铺平了道路？
正文翻译
Has China’s ability to “reverse engineer” technical products from the US and Europe paved the way for their emergence as a major exporter of products required by the developing nations of the world?
中国是不是靠着对美欧技术产品进行“逆向工程”的能力，才为自己成为世界发展中国家所需产品的主要出口国铺平了道路？
评论翻译
Peter Chan, Studied at London School of Economics and Political Science, F&B Director / Previously a Private Banker 曾就读于伦敦政治经济学院，餐饮总监/前私人银行家
When they returned to China some of them were positioned in national research academies (not universities) to intensively spearhead researches. Some were, indeed, placed at institutes that carry out reverse engineering studies to give the industries a kick. But it was the intensive researches that laid the foundation for engineering advances, not reverse engineering. Reverse engineering and copying (yes China did and still does copy things. It's a fact.) were carried out to make quick money. Researches were what's beneficial to generations of the future.
当他们回到中国后，他们中的一些人被安置在国家研究机构（而不是大学）密集地带头开展科研工作。事实上，有些人被安置在从事逆向工程研究的机构，以推动该产业的发展。但为工程的进步奠定了基础的，是密集的科研，而不是逆向工程。逆向工程和仿造（是的，中国过去和现在都在仿造东西。这是一个事实。）都是为了快速赚钱。而科研工作才是真正对未来几代人有益的。
当他们回到中国后，他们中的一些人被安置在国家研究机构（而不是大学）密集地带头开展科研工作。事实上，有些人被安置在从事逆向工程研究的机构，以推动该产业的发展。但为工程的进步奠定了基础的，是密集的科研，而不是逆向工程。逆向工程和仿造（是的，中国过去和现在都在仿造东西。这是一个事实。）都是为了快速赚钱。而科研工作才是真正对未来几代人有益的。
The second wave of students again studied engineering but with a business element, and they were placed in factories and industrial companies to perform changes.
This practice has been going on throughout the 90s and early millennium with a wider scope of subjects such as medicine, hotel management, tourism, industrial engineering, banking, finance etc.
后来的第二波留学浪潮再次学习工程学科，但加入了商业元素，他们（回国后）被安置在工厂和工业公司实施改革。
这种做法在整个90年代和21世纪初一直在进行，涉及范围越发广范，比如医学、酒店管理、旅游、工业工程、银行、金融等等。
This practice has been going on throughout the 90s and early millennium with a wider scope of subjects such as medicine, hotel management, tourism, industrial engineering, banking, finance etc.
后来的第二波留学浪潮再次学习工程学科，但加入了商业元素，他们（回国后）被安置在工厂和工业公司实施改革。
这种做法在整个90年代和21世纪初一直在进行，涉及范围越发广范，比如医学、酒店管理、旅游、工业工程、银行、金融等等。
Cheong Tee
In early days like the 90’s most Chinese PhDs overseas wanted to get jobs there rather than returning to China. The “sea turtles” (returning scholars from overseas) only became significant when China economy picking up in the 2000’s. Now the study of pure sciences or highly technical engineering became less attractive compared to a blend with economics. But with the sheer size of STEM graduates China will continue to have a large supply of top echelon technical researchers.
在90年代早期，大多数留学海外的中国博士都希望在当地找到工作，而不是回到中国。“海归”（海外归来的学者）是在2000年中国经济复苏时才变得重要起来的。现在，海外纯科学或高技术工程的研究，与和经济学相结合的混合型学科相比，变得不那么有吸引力了。但是，由于理工科毕业生的庞大规模，中国将继续拥有大量顶尖的技术研究人员。
Wong Kam Luen, Investor,B.Sc Class 1 Hons from The University of Birmingham, Lives in Singapore 投资者，伯明翰大学一级荣誉学士，生活在新加坡
In early days like the 90’s most Chinese PhDs overseas wanted to get jobs there rather than returning to China. The “sea turtles” (returning scholars from overseas) only became significant when China economy picking up in the 2000’s. Now the study of pure sciences or highly technical engineering became less attractive compared to a blend with economics. But with the sheer size of STEM graduates China will continue to have a large supply of top echelon technical researchers.
在90年代早期，大多数留学海外的中国博士都希望在当地找到工作，而不是回到中国。“海归”（海外归来的学者）是在2000年中国经济复苏时才变得重要起来的。现在，海外纯科学或高技术工程的研究，与和经济学相结合的混合型学科相比，变得不那么有吸引力了。但是，由于理工科毕业生的庞大规模，中国将继续拥有大量顶尖的技术研究人员。
Wong Kam Luen, Investor,B.Sc Class 1 Hons from The University of Birmingham, Lives in Singapore 投资者，伯明翰大学一级荣誉学士，生活在新加坡
The China of today is a very different country from that of yesteryears. Just look at the number of STEM graduates they produce in a year! They produce more STEM graduates than the next seven countries put together. As for new ideas, they filed more patents than the next `0 countries put together. They have the most STEM graduates in the world.
As for patent application.
Country Patent applications
1China ———1,542,002
2U.S. —————597,141
今天的中国与过去的中国大不相同了。看看他们每年培养的理工科毕业生的数量就知道了！它们培养的理工科毕业生比后面七个国家的总和还要多。至于新的创意，他们申请的专利比后面的10个国家加起来还要多。他们拥有世界上最多的理工科毕业生。
至于专利申请。
国家专利申请数量：
1中国——1542002
2美国——597141
As for patent application.
Country Patent applications
1China ———1,542,002
2U.S. —————597,141
今天的中国与过去的中国大不相同了。看看他们每年培养的理工科毕业生的数量就知道了！它们培养的理工科毕业生比后面七个国家的总和还要多。至于新的创意，他们申请的专利比后面的10个国家加起来还要多。他们拥有世界上最多的理工科毕业生。
至于专利申请。
国家专利申请数量：
1中国——1542002
2美国——597141
Looking at the brainpower of China, it is no wonder that they have developed 5G and future 6G, and all the other new technological products. Their drones, Electric Vehicles, bullet trains, etc. They also have 3 COVID-19 vaccines which have passed stage 3 testing. Most of the recent technological products come from China and more will come from them. They will compete with the US or anyone for technological prowess. Their present prowess is not derived from their past copying the west but a result of their number of STEM graduates and research prowess which give them their technological strength and innovation.
In conclusion, The Chinese might have copied some technical products from the west in the past, but the present and future belong to them. Their prowess is derived from their number of STEM graduates and research and patents.
看看中国的人才力量吧，难怪他们开发出了5G和未来的6G，以及所有其他的新技术产品。他们的无人机、电动汽车、子弹头列车等等。他们还有3种已通过第三阶段测试的新冠疫苗。最近的科技产品大多来自中国，未来还会有更多来自中国。他们将与美国或任何国家在科技实力方面展开竞争。他们现在的实力并非源自过去对西方的仿造，而是理工科毕业生数量和科研实力的结果，这赋予了他们科技实力和创新能力。
总之，中国人过去可能从西方仿造了一些科技产品，但今天和未来属于他们。他们的能力来自于理工科毕业生、科研和专利的数量。
Philip Yap, Former Construction Manager, MBA from Hull University Business School, Lives in Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK 前建筑经理，赫尔大学商学院MBA，生活在英国西约克郡利兹
In conclusion, The Chinese might have copied some technical products from the west in the past, but the present and future belong to them. Their prowess is derived from their number of STEM graduates and research and patents.
看看中国的人才力量吧，难怪他们开发出了5G和未来的6G，以及所有其他的新技术产品。他们的无人机、电动汽车、子弹头列车等等。他们还有3种已通过第三阶段测试的新冠疫苗。最近的科技产品大多来自中国，未来还会有更多来自中国。他们将与美国或任何国家在科技实力方面展开竞争。他们现在的实力并非源自过去对西方的仿造，而是理工科毕业生数量和科研实力的结果，这赋予了他们科技实力和创新能力。
总之，中国人过去可能从西方仿造了一些科技产品，但今天和未来属于他们。他们的能力来自于理工科毕业生、科研和专利的数量。
Philip Yap, Former Construction Manager, MBA from Hull University Business School, Lives in Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK 前建筑经理，赫尔大学商学院MBA，生活在英国西约克郡利兹
The answer is close to yes 10 to 20 years ago. Like most countries in their early stage of industrialization, China was no exception, she shared technology from Europe, Japan, Korea, Russia and America. Chinese entrepreneurs were very enterprising and aggressive, they will not satisfy with just producing similar products, they will try to produce something better than existing products in the markets to enhance their sales and acceptability in the markets. Direct reverse engineering was not popular practice in China dynamic manufacturing ecosystem.
The answer is no for last 5 to10 years and until now, most Chinese companies realize they can not survive by just producing duplicate copies of products from the markets, they have to innovate and come out with better products the customers want and need.. They embark massively on R & D, innovation and invention policies were widely embraced and adopted by most sizable companies and encouraged by government.
放在10到20年前，答案几乎是肯定的。像大多数工业化初期的国家一样，中国也不例外，她共享了来自欧洲、日本、韩国、俄罗斯和美国的技术。中国企业家非常有进取心和开拓性，他们不会满足于只生产类似的产品，他们会努力生产比市场上现有产品更好的产品，以提高他们的销售量和市场接受度。直接逆向工程的做法在中国动态制造生态系统中并不是很流行。
而到了过去的5到10年，并且直到今天，答案变成了否定的。直到现在，大多数中国公司意识到，他们不能仅仅靠生产市场上既有产品的仿制品来生存，他们必须创新，生产出顾客想要和需要的更好的产品。于是他们大量从事研发，创新和发明的政策被大多数规模大的公司所广泛接受和采用，并受到政府的鼓励。
The answer is no for last 5 to10 years and until now, most Chinese companies realize they can not survive by just producing duplicate copies of products from the markets, they have to innovate and come out with better products the customers want and need.. They embark massively on R & D, innovation and invention policies were widely embraced and adopted by most sizable companies and encouraged by government.
放在10到20年前，答案几乎是肯定的。像大多数工业化初期的国家一样，中国也不例外，她共享了来自欧洲、日本、韩国、俄罗斯和美国的技术。中国企业家非常有进取心和开拓性，他们不会满足于只生产类似的产品，他们会努力生产比市场上现有产品更好的产品，以提高他们的销售量和市场接受度。直接逆向工程的做法在中国动态制造生态系统中并不是很流行。
而到了过去的5到10年，并且直到今天，答案变成了否定的。直到现在，大多数中国公司意识到，他们不能仅仅靠生产市场上既有产品的仿制品来生存，他们必须创新，生产出顾客想要和需要的更好的产品。于是他们大量从事研发，创新和发明的政策被大多数规模大的公司所广泛接受和采用，并受到政府的鼓励。
The result is China is dominating the world in manufacturing and producing high speed train, battery, electric cars, remote control drones, solar panel technology, facial recognizance products, green nuclear power plants technology, ship building technology, tunneling machinery technology, sophisticated infrastructures construction technology and materials, smartphones, computers, smart TV, e-payment, e-commerce, Fintech and etc, etc, etc.
China also ahead of EU and US in 5G, AI application, Cloud computing, Quantum Computing, Biotech, China companies have also increased their amount of patents registrations every year. There are more high quality research papers publish by China scholars and universities now. China indigenous technologies are catching up and many are best and in the forefront of the world.
China high-tech program, MIC 2025 will enable her to lead the world in key high-tech technologies and be the high-tech manufacturing hub of the world. China industrial supply chains are the most complete and competitive in the world. These will compliment China high-tech manufacturing ambition and be self reliance and sufficient.
结果就是中国主导了世界制造业，生产高铁、电池、电动汽车、遥控无人机、太阳能电池板技术、人脸识别产品、绿色核电站技术、造船技术、隧道机械技术、尖端基础设施建设技术和材料、智能手机、电脑、智能电视、电子支付、电子商务、金融科技等等等等。
中国在5G、人工智能应用、云计算、量子计算、生物技术等领域也领先于欧盟和美国，中国企业的专利注册数量每年都在增加。目前，中国学者和高校发表的高质量研究论文越来越多。中国本土科技正在迎头赶上，其中许多是最先进的，处于世界前沿。
“中国高新技术计划”、“中国制造业2025”将使中国在关键高新技术领域走在世界前列，成为世界高新技术制造中心。中国的工业供应链是世界上最完整、最具竞争力的。这些将迎合中国高技术制造业的雄心，使其能够自力更生、自给自足。
China also ahead of EU and US in 5G, AI application, Cloud computing, Quantum Computing, Biotech, China companies have also increased their amount of patents registrations every year. There are more high quality research papers publish by China scholars and universities now. China indigenous technologies are catching up and many are best and in the forefront of the world.
China high-tech program, MIC 2025 will enable her to lead the world in key high-tech technologies and be the high-tech manufacturing hub of the world. China industrial supply chains are the most complete and competitive in the world. These will compliment China high-tech manufacturing ambition and be self reliance and sufficient.
结果就是中国主导了世界制造业，生产高铁、电池、电动汽车、遥控无人机、太阳能电池板技术、人脸识别产品、绿色核电站技术、造船技术、隧道机械技术、尖端基础设施建设技术和材料、智能手机、电脑、智能电视、电子支付、电子商务、金融科技等等等等。
中国在5G、人工智能应用、云计算、量子计算、生物技术等领域也领先于欧盟和美国，中国企业的专利注册数量每年都在增加。目前，中国学者和高校发表的高质量研究论文越来越多。中国本土科技正在迎头赶上，其中许多是最先进的，处于世界前沿。
“中国高新技术计划”、“中国制造业2025”将使中国在关键高新技术领域走在世界前列，成为世界高新技术制造中心。中国的工业供应链是世界上最完整、最具竞争力的。这些将迎合中国高技术制造业的雄心，使其能够自力更生、自给自足。
And then USA invented pattents law and started complaining about others.
China has one rule when they invent something new — No protection for the inventor. This forces the inventor to use the head start they have to improve and use what they have learnt to invent something else. Rarther than say as USA does ‘oh well now we can sit back for the next 20 years and rake in the money, since no-one else can make it by law (law that we made up)'. By the way to extend beyond the first 20 years all they have to do is change something by a wisker or show a new use or how used for the invention and Bob's your uncle.
然后美国发明了专利法，反过来开始抱怨别人。
中国在发明新东西的时候有一条规则——发明者不受保护。这迫使发明者利用他们所拥有的领先优势来改进和使用他们所学到的东西来发明其他东西。除了像美国那样说：“哦，好吧，现在我们可以在未来20年坐视不管，聚敛钱财，因为根据法律（我们制定的法律）没有其他人能生产它来赚钱。”顺便说一下，在最初的20年里，他们所要做的就是改变一些东西，或者展示一个新的用途或者如何使用这项发明，这就OK了。
Robert Steinberg, Studied at Long Beach, CA, Lived in Nagoya, Japan 曾就读于美国加州长滩市，曾居住于日本名古屋
China has one rule when they invent something new — No protection for the inventor. This forces the inventor to use the head start they have to improve and use what they have learnt to invent something else. Rarther than say as USA does ‘oh well now we can sit back for the next 20 years and rake in the money, since no-one else can make it by law (law that we made up)'. By the way to extend beyond the first 20 years all they have to do is change something by a wisker or show a new use or how used for the invention and Bob's your uncle.
然后美国发明了专利法，反过来开始抱怨别人。
中国在发明新东西的时候有一条规则——发明者不受保护。这迫使发明者利用他们所拥有的领先优势来改进和使用他们所学到的东西来发明其他东西。除了像美国那样说：“哦，好吧，现在我们可以在未来20年坐视不管，聚敛钱财，因为根据法律（我们制定的法律）没有其他人能生产它来赚钱。”顺便说一下，在最初的20年里，他们所要做的就是改变一些东西，或者展示一个新的用途或者如何使用这项发明，这就OK了。
Robert Steinberg, Studied at Long Beach, CA, Lived in Nagoya, Japan 曾就读于美国加州长滩市，曾居住于日本名古屋
What paved the way is cheap labor and remains cheap labor. I just left Tokyo and a Chinese brand deluxe refrigerator is about $1,000, while a Japanese made one is about $2,500. Who could compete with that? The only reason that Japanese manufacturers can even keep making these consumer goods is that Japanese have an extreme aversion to Chinese made goods and will usually not consider Chinese brands. Americans have no such aversion and Chinese quality appears at least adequate to me. Americans will buy Chinese goods that are as little as 20% cheaper, unlike Japanese who seem to reqire that the item be half price or less to even consider the purchase. But, it can't go on. The rest of the world won't let the currency be manipulated in this way much longer. It's a fixed game. China is strong enough to stand on its own now.
铺平道路的是廉价劳动力，现在仍然还是廉价劳动力。我刚离开东京，中国品牌的豪华冰箱要1000美元左右，日本制造的要2500美元左右。谁能与之竞争呢？日本制造商能够继续生产这些消费品的唯一原因在于，日本人对中国制造的商品极度反感，通常不会考虑中国品牌。美国人没有这样的反感，而中国人的品质至少在我看来是足够能用的。美国人只会买便宜20%的中国商品，不像日本人要求半价甚至更低的商品才会考虑购买。但是，它不能继续下去了。世界其他国家不会再让人民币以这种方式被操纵太久了。这是一个固定游戏。中国现在已经强大到足以自立了。
Keith Leon, Studied Manufacturing Engineer, Lived in The United States of America 制造工程师专业，曾在美国生活过
铺平道路的是廉价劳动力，现在仍然还是廉价劳动力。我刚离开东京，中国品牌的豪华冰箱要1000美元左右，日本制造的要2500美元左右。谁能与之竞争呢？日本制造商能够继续生产这些消费品的唯一原因在于，日本人对中国制造的商品极度反感，通常不会考虑中国品牌。美国人没有这样的反感，而中国人的品质至少在我看来是足够能用的。美国人只会买便宜20%的中国商品，不像日本人要求半价甚至更低的商品才会考虑购买。但是，它不能继续下去了。世界其他国家不会再让人民币以这种方式被操纵太久了。这是一个固定游戏。中国现在已经强大到足以自立了。
Keith Leon, Studied Manufacturing Engineer, Lived in The United States of America 制造工程师专业，曾在美国生活过
Your question is too open. What type of product are you interested in? Not knowing what product family you are interested. I will address a few. I have worked on two projects about 20 years ago in China. Yes they steal technical knowledge and products. To do so you must have mastered the technical principles that apply. Don't forget that we send technology to them in order for them to produce products for our market. We do that with full knowledge and expectation that they will use that technology for their own benefit. I have found the engineers that I have worked with to be competent and imaginative. They are fully capable of making autos trucks and farm implements. Lenovo is a Chinese owned company that was purchased from IBM and Texas Instruments. So they are capable of supplying computer hardware. They have very good knowledge in different methods of plastics. So, what can't they supply to emerging or 3rd world countries?
你的问题太开放了。你对哪种产品感兴趣？不知道你对哪个产品系列感兴趣。我将介绍其中一些。大约20年前，我在中国做过两个项目。是的，他们窃取技术知识和产品。要做到这一点，你必须掌握应用的技术原理。别忘了，我们给他们技术是为了让他们为我们的市场生产产品。我们充分了解并期望他们将利用技术为自己谋利。我发现和我一起工作过的工程师都有能力和想象力。他们完全有能力制造汽车、卡车和农具。联想是一家中国公司，收购了IBM和德州仪器的业务。所以他们有能力供应电脑硬件。他们对不同的塑料加工方法有很好的了解。那么，有什么他们不能向新兴国家或第三世界国家供应呢？
Bill Chen, B. Engineering from National University of Singapore, Lives in Singapore 毕业于新加坡国立大学工程专业，生活在新加坡
你的问题太开放了。你对哪种产品感兴趣？不知道你对哪个产品系列感兴趣。我将介绍其中一些。大约20年前，我在中国做过两个项目。是的，他们窃取技术知识和产品。要做到这一点，你必须掌握应用的技术原理。别忘了，我们给他们技术是为了让他们为我们的市场生产产品。我们充分了解并期望他们将利用技术为自己谋利。我发现和我一起工作过的工程师都有能力和想象力。他们完全有能力制造汽车、卡车和农具。联想是一家中国公司，收购了IBM和德州仪器的业务。所以他们有能力供应电脑硬件。他们对不同的塑料加工方法有很好的了解。那么，有什么他们不能向新兴国家或第三世界国家供应呢？
Bill Chen, B. Engineering from National University of Singapore, Lives in Singapore 毕业于新加坡国立大学工程专业，生活在新加坡
Say you are given the recipe book of the most renowned Michelin 3-starred chef, down to the secret ingredients in the sauce.
Will you be able to “reverse engineer” his success?
No.
Not even if you are as highly skilled as he is.
Why am I so certain?
假设你拿到了米其林最著名的三星级厨师的食谱，包括酱汁中的秘密原料。
你能“逆向工程”他的成功吗？
不能。
即使你和他一样技术高超也不行。
为什么我如此确定？
Will you be able to “reverse engineer” his success?
No.
Not even if you are as highly skilled as he is.
Why am I so certain?
假设你拿到了米其林最著名的三星级厨师的食谱，包括酱汁中的秘密原料。
你能“逆向工程”他的成功吗？
不能。
即使你和他一样技术高超也不行。
为什么我如此确定？
Because a three-star experience goes way beyond recipes, down to the type of plates chosen, which farm a particular cut of meat comes from, the pressure used to cook rice, the type of wax a candle is burning on the table.
No detail is left to chance because no detail is too small to make a difference. Those details are the basis for his competitive advantage, which took years to accumulate and mature.
Now that is just one chef and the knowledge he has between his ears. Multiply that by 1,000x or 10,000x for high technology. Even if someone obtains a copy of the company's server, it will take many expert man years just to sift through the sea of data. You will need a giant industrial complex at least as large as the source to do make sense of, and use the data. Even then, it is probably cheaper and faster to start from a clean sheet design that matches or exceed the performance envelop.
因为三星级的体验远远超出了食谱的范畴，包括选择哪种盘子、哪种肉是从哪里来的、做饭时用的压力、桌子上蜡烛燃烧的蜡是哪种。
任何细节都不放过，因为没有任何细节是微不足道的。这些细节是他竞争优势的基础，这需要多年的积累和成熟。
现在，这只是一个厨师和他个人身上的知识。用它乘以1000倍或者10000倍来换算成高技术。即使有人得到了某公司服务器的一份拷贝，仅仅筛选海量数据也需要许多专家花费数年时间。你将需要一个至少与数据源一样大的大型工业综合体来理解和使用这些数据。即使你有，从一个与其性能相同或超过性能的干净的设计开始可能反而更便宜和更快。
No detail is left to chance because no detail is too small to make a difference. Those details are the basis for his competitive advantage, which took years to accumulate and mature.
Now that is just one chef and the knowledge he has between his ears. Multiply that by 1,000x or 10,000x for high technology. Even if someone obtains a copy of the company's server, it will take many expert man years just to sift through the sea of data. You will need a giant industrial complex at least as large as the source to do make sense of, and use the data. Even then, it is probably cheaper and faster to start from a clean sheet design that matches or exceed the performance envelop.
因为三星级的体验远远超出了食谱的范畴，包括选择哪种盘子、哪种肉是从哪里来的、做饭时用的压力、桌子上蜡烛燃烧的蜡是哪种。
任何细节都不放过，因为没有任何细节是微不足道的。这些细节是他竞争优势的基础，这需要多年的积累和成熟。
现在，这只是一个厨师和他个人身上的知识。用它乘以1000倍或者10000倍来换算成高技术。即使有人得到了某公司服务器的一份拷贝，仅仅筛选海量数据也需要许多专家花费数年时间。你将需要一个至少与数据源一样大的大型工业综合体来理解和使用这些数据。即使你有，从一个与其性能相同或超过性能的干净的设计开始可能反而更便宜和更快。
Technology at the cutting edge is incredibly difficult. Let's take Intel. Ten, twenty years ago, we already knew there was a roadmap to 10nm, at a time when the process node was still stuck in the three-figure range. Why didn't the competition tear Intel a new one and skip several generations ahead?
The answer?
Progress is linear. If you don't solve the problems of physics and chemistry at one particular node, you can't just walk away and expect the same problems not to turn up at the next node. Even if you don't make those intermittent products, skipping generations does not bring any advantage to time to market.
尖端技术是非常困难的。让我们以英特尔举例。10到20年前，我们已经知道了10nm的路线图，而当时的过程节点还停留在3位数的范围内。为什么竞争没有让英特尔推出一个新的产品并直接跳过几代呢？
想知道答案？
因为进步是线性的。如果你不能在一个特定的节点解决物理和化学问题，你就无法绕开它，期望同样的问题在下一个节点不会出现。即使你不生产这些间歇性的产品，跳过几代也不会节省任何上市时间。
The answer?
Progress is linear. If you don't solve the problems of physics and chemistry at one particular node, you can't just walk away and expect the same problems not to turn up at the next node. Even if you don't make those intermittent products, skipping generations does not bring any advantage to time to market.
尖端技术是非常困难的。让我们以英特尔举例。10到20年前，我们已经知道了10nm的路线图，而当时的过程节点还停留在3位数的范围内。为什么竞争没有让英特尔推出一个新的产品并直接跳过几代呢？
想知道答案？
因为进步是线性的。如果你不能在一个特定的节点解决物理和化学问题，你就无法绕开它，期望同样的问题在下一个节点不会出现。即使你不生产这些间歇性的产品，跳过几代也不会节省任何上市时间。
Reverse engineering by hard disk is overrated. Tech is usually transferred through purchase or collaboration. What China prizes are not patents and methods but something even more powerful—bountiful talent educated by the world’s top institutes.
Industrial espionage, at least applied to technology, is overrated. The patent office, after all, exists to teach others how to make things.
偷硬盘来搞逆向工程被高估了。技术转让通常通过购买或合作的方式进行。中国看重的不是专利和方法，而是更强大的东西——由世界顶尖学府教育的丰富的人才。
至少在科技领域，工业间谍活动被夸大了。毕竟，专利局的存在就是为了教别人如何制造东西。
Industrial espionage, at least applied to technology, is overrated. The patent office, after all, exists to teach others how to make things.
偷硬盘来搞逆向工程被高估了。技术转让通常通过购买或合作的方式进行。中国看重的不是专利和方法，而是更强大的东西——由世界顶尖学府教育的丰富的人才。
至少在科技领域，工业间谍活动被夸大了。毕竟，专利局的存在就是为了教别人如何制造东西。
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