Chinese media confidently stated, Type 99 is the “King of tanks” in Asia, with offensive and defensive power that completely surpasses rivals from Japan, South Korea or India.

中国媒体自信地说,99型是亚洲的“坦克之王”,其进攻和防御能力完全超过来自日本,韩国或印度的竞争对手

Introduce

介绍

In the past, Chinese weapon technology has learned a lot from other countries, usually the Soviet unx. But today, much of China’s hardware is becoming completely localized.

过去,中国武器技术从其他国家--通常是苏联,学到了很多东西。但是今天,中国的许多设备都已国产化。

The impetus is to create products that are entirely Chinese in nature, and it has come a long way, although the quality and reliability may still be an issue.

尽管质量和可靠性可能仍然是一个问题,制造出完全中国化的产品一直是原动力。

Similar to other weapons, China now has the largest force of tanks on the planet, half of them obsolete. This is changing rapidly as Beijing is actively developing new models and producing them in large quantities. China has a total of about 7,000 tanks, of which the Type 99 is the country’s most advanced main battle tank.

类似于其它武器系统,中国现在拥有这个星球上最大的坦克部队,其中一半已经过时。随着中国积极开发并大量生产新型号,这种情况正在迅速改变。中国共有大约7,000辆坦克,其中99型是该国最先进的主战坦克。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Chinese media confidently stated, Type 99 is the “King of tanks” in Asia, with offensive and defensive power that completely surpasses rivals from Japan, South Korea or India. However, US military analysts say that China’s new tank is actually only equivalent to the first generation M1 Abrams. Comparison of parameters, especially with the latest variant, the M1A2C Abrams, the Chinese tanks are still far behind.

中国媒体自信地宣称,99式是亚洲的“坦克之王”,其进攻和防御能力完全超过来自日本,韩国或印度的竞争对手。但是,美国军事分析家说,中国的新型坦克实际上只相当于第一代M1艾布拉姆斯。从参数上比较,特别是与最新型M1A2C 艾布拉姆斯相比,中国坦克仍然远远落后。

Mao Ming, chief engineer of the Type-99 “super tank”, also acknowledged that the new tanks of the country are very modern, but they still have many technical problems and have not reached the world’s advanced level and are not as refined, especially in the engine departament.

99式“超级坦克”的首席工程师毛明也承认,中国的新型战车非常现代化,但它们仍然存在许多技术问题,尚未达到世界先进水平,而且没有那么精致,尤其是发动机。

Background

背景

Type-99 is considered the quintessence of China’s defense industry, and the pride of the country. The Type 99 is also known as the ZT99, which originated from the Type 90-II, a prototype developed in the early 1990s to replace the Type 88 tanks.

99式被认为是中国国防工业的精髓,也是国家的骄傲。 99式也被称为ZT99,它起源于90-II型,这是90年代初期开发的用以取代88型坦克的原型。

The Type 90-II was developed based on studies obtained from T-72 tanks: the chassis was based on the T-72’s hull combined with Chinese subsystems. The Type 90-II did not eventually join the People’s Liberation Army service, but it was an export success. It is better known as Al-Khalid, a licensed tank in Pakistan.

90-II型是根据从T-72坦克获得的研究成果开发的:底盘基于T-72的车体并结合了中国子系统。 90-II型最终没有进入中国人民解放军服役,但在出口方面取得了成功。它以授权给巴基斯坦生产的坦克哈立德闻名。

At home, China continued to develop Type 90-II, which led to Type 98 derivative or WZ-123, which were first seen in rehearsals for the 1999 National Parade and were officially disclosed on October 1, 1999. Shortly after, a slightly improved version was named Type 98G, later renamed Type 99 or ZT99.

在国内,中国继续开发90-II型,从而生产出了98型及其衍生品WZ-123,它们首次出现在1999年国家阅兵彩排中,官居方于1999年10月1日正式公开。很快,略微升级的版本的称为98改型,后来更名为Type 99或ZT99。

The first generation of the Type 99 was produced from 2001 to 2011. An upgraded version later called the Type 99A was manufactured in 2007 and continues to be produced today. In total, nearly 900 Type 99s have been produced.

第一代99式于2001年至2011年生产。后来被称为99A的升级版于2007年开始生产,并一直沿用至今。总共生产了近900辆99型。

Design

设计

Basically, the Type 99 is a 54-ton steel block, which looks quite similar to the Russian T-72 series, but a little longer. The Chinese tank has a hull length of 7m (23 ft), a width of 3.7m (12 ft) and a height of 2.35m (7.7 ft).

基本上,99式重54吨,看上去与俄罗斯的T-72系列非常相似,但更长一些。中国战车的车体长度为7m(23英尺),宽度为3.7m(12英尺),高度为2.35m(7.7英尺)。

The tank’s design is a mix of Russia and the West with an angled welded turret. Applique modular armor blocks are evenly spaced along with skirt armor on each side. The frontal protection is comparable to the M1 Abrams.

该坦克的设计融合了俄罗斯和西方的特色,并带有楔形的焊接转塔。模块化反应装甲和裙式装甲安装在四周。正面防护力与M1艾布拉姆斯相当。

In the upgraded Type 99A, explosive reactive armor was added to the front of the turret and hull, providing protection against tandem-charge warheads. Also, the weight of Type 99A increased to 58 tons.

升级后的99A式,炮塔和船体的前部增加了爆炸性反应装甲,以抵御串联装药的战斗部。同样,99A型的重量增加到58吨。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Similar to the advanced Western tanks, the Type 99 has a nuclear bio-chemical protection system as well as an automatic fire detection and extinguishing system. The storage baskets on either side of the turret and the rear are buffer spaces, protected by explosive reactive armor.

与先进的西方坦克相似,99式拥有核生化保护系统以及自动探测和灭火系统。炮塔两侧和后部的储物篮是缓冲区,同时被爆炸性反应装甲保护。

The tank is also equipped with an active protection system, called the Active Protection System GL5. This system can track warheads and anti-tank missiles from a distance of 100 meters and fire two small missiles to intercept.

该坦克还配备了主动防护系统,称为主动防护系统GL5。该系统可以从100米以外的距离跟踪弹头和反坦克导弹,并发射两枚小型导弹进行拦截。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


The suspension system consists of six rubber tired road wheels on each side with power sprocket at the rear. The first, second and sixth road wheels are equipped with special hydraulic shock-buffer. The automatic reloading system reduced the crewman to three, including the driver, gunner and commander. The driver sits in the center front of the hull.

悬挂系统的两侧各有六个负重轮,后轮是驱动轮。第一,第二和第六承重轮配备了特殊的液压减震器。自动装弹系统将机组人员减少到三人,包括驾驶员,炮手和车长,驾驶员坐在车体的中间前方位置。

Powerplant

动车

To ensure maneuverability, the Type 99 is equipped with a 1,500-horsepower liquid-cooled V12 twin-turbo diesel 33.9 litre diesel engine. The ratio of power to weight is about 27.78 hp per ton.

为确保机动性,99式配备了1,500马力的液冷V12双涡轮增压33.9升柴油发动机。功率与重量的比约为27.78 hp /吨

The manual transmission in the original version was replaced with a semi-automatic transmission in later upgraded versions, including 6 forward and 1 reverse.

初始版本中的手动变速箱在后来的升级版本中被半自动变速箱所取代,有6个前进档和1个倒档。

When on the road, Type 99 can reach a maximum speed of 80 km/h and off-road speed of 60 km/h. Operational range of 600 to 800 km before refueling. The tank can be equipped with a snorkel for deep fording. With the deep fording kit, the Type 99A can cross waters up to 4.5 meters in depth.

在公路上行驶时,99式的最高速度可达到80 km / h,越野速度可达到60 km / h。不加油的行驶距离为600至800公里。坦克可以装备一个潜水的呼吸管,借助潜水套件,99A式可以涉水达4.5米。

Armament

武器

In contrast to most Western tanks, which usually have a 120 mm main gun, the Type 99 uses a slightly larger 125 mm smoothbore main gun. Referring to the Type 99 main battle tank, we must mention the 2-plane stabilization system that it is equipped with.

与通常装备120毫米主炮的大多数西方坦克不同,99式使用的是稍大的125毫米滑膛主炮。关于99式主战坦克,我们必须提到它配备的双稳定系统。

This system allows the Type 99 to fire on the move, accompanied by an automatic loading system that it is said to be inspired by Russia’s T-90. Of course, the Type 99’s main gun can work well in both automatic and manual firing modes. However, even in manual mode, the stabilization system still makes it easier for the gunner to fire.

该系统可让99式在移动中开火,并配以据说是源自俄罗斯T-90的自动装弹系统。当然,99式主炮在自动和手动射击模式下都可以很好工作。但是,即使在手动模式下,此稳定系统仍可以帮助炮手更好的操作。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


The first Type 99 version was capable of carrying up to 42 shells, of which 22 in the autoloader, the remaining 20 in stockpiles. The rate of fire is extremely good, up to 8 rounds per minute for automatic reloading and 2 rounds per minute for manual reloading.

第一款99式能够携带多达42枚炮弹,其中22枚装在自动装载机中,其余20枚储存在弹仓中。射速极好,自动装弹模式下每分钟可达8发,手动装弹每分钟可达2发。

Like many other modern tanks, the Type 99 main gun is compatible with a variety of ammunitions, including APFSDS-T, HEAT, high-explosive fragmentation, and the old-style 125mm shells used by the Soviet unx and Warsaw Pact countries.

像许多其他现代坦克一样,99式主炮可与多种弹药兼容,包括APFSDS-T,HEAT,高爆炮弹以及苏联和华沙公约国家使用的老式125mm炮弹。

In addition, the gun of the Type 99 is capable of launching ATGM anti-tank missiles, similar to the current Russian tanks, allowing the increase in destroying efficiency to a maximum of 5 km.

此外,具有与目前的俄罗斯坦克相似的能力,99式火炮能够发射ATGM反坦克导弹,使摧毁能力的距离提高到5公里。

Theoretically this ability could be useful for fighting against low-flying helicopters. Most vehicles are equipped with 12.7 mm heavy machine guns and 7.62mm coaxial machine guns.

理论上讲,这种能力对抗低空飞行的直升机可能很有用,大多数坦克都配备12.7毫米重型机枪和7.62毫米同轴机枪。

The Type 99 is equipped with the improved Fire Control System, thus improving ballistic trajectory under adverse conditions. On improved tank versions, equipped with data lixs, global positioning systems and other types of communication equipment, allowing combat coordination with other forces such as aircraft and infantry.

99式装备了改进的火控系统,从而改善了在不利条件下的弹道。在改进型坦克上配备了数据链、全球定位系统和其他类型的通信设备,可以与飞机和步兵等其他部队进行战斗协同作战。

Conclusion

结论

Overall, on paper, the Type 99 is impressive, but the Abrams or T-90s have been exported, and have been proven in combat missions. Weapons that have been experienced through battle always have an advantage, but victory can come to any party that is better trained.

总的来说,从纸面数据上看,Type 99令人印象深刻,但是艾布拉姆斯或T-90s已经出口,并且在实战中得到了证明。经历过战争考验的武器总是有优势的,但是胜利依然由训练有素一方获得。

原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处