QA问答：如果石油耗尽，沙特阿拉伯会变成像索马里或非洲国家那样的穷国吗？如果他们的石油耗尽了，他们还能像西欧、加拿大或美国那样经济繁荣吗?
Will Saudi Arabia become a very poor country like Somalia or Africa if oil runs out? Can they become just economically well just like Western Europe, Canada, or the United States if their petroleum run out?
译文简介
如果石油耗尽，沙特阿拉伯会变成像索马里或非洲国家那样的穷国吗？如果他们的石油耗尽了，他们还能像西欧、加拿大或美国那样经济繁荣吗?——经济方面？确实会。金融方面？也许吧。
正文翻译
Ahmed Abdelhaq Zaydan, lived in Meknès, Morocco Answered April 4 · Upvoted by Vikas Jha, M.Sc. Economics & Econometrics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (2016)
Economically? Sure. Financially? Maybe.I find people don’t understand the problem the Gulf States have so I’ll explain using Poland and Saudi Arabia.Poland has a population of 38 million and is widely considered a wealthy country in the European unx, compared to Saudi Arabia’s population of 30 million. It has a GDP of $524 billion and a GDP per capita of $16,000，Its government has a revenue of $109 billion.Polish government touts deficit cut ahead of election.
经济方面？确实会。金融方面？也许吧。我发现人们不理解海湾国家的问题，所以我将用波兰和沙特阿拉伯来解释。波兰有3,800万人口，被普遍认为是欧盟的富裕国家，而沙特阿拉伯只有3,000万人口。波兰GDP为5240亿美元，人均GDP为16000美元，波兰的政府财政收入为1090亿美元。波兰政府在大选前鼓吹削减赤字。
Saudi Arabia, which has a smaller population than Poland, has a revenue of $209 billion and even that’s not enough as its budget was $261 billion.Saudi Arabia's 2018 Budget Is The Country's Largest Ever.The problem for the Gulf States isn’t their economy but their financial streams. At the moment, Saudi Arabia is spending $261 billion annually and has spent at this level for years due to the oil boom of 2008–2015.
人口比波兰少的沙特阿拉伯的财政收入为2,090亿美元，但即便如此，也不够用，因为沙特阿拉伯的财政预算是2,610亿美元。沙特阿拉伯2018年的预算是该国有史以来最高的。海湾国家面临的问题不是经济问题，而是金融流问题。目前，沙特阿拉伯每年花费2610亿美元，由于2008-2015年的石油繁荣，多年来一直保持这个水平。
人口比波兰少的沙特阿拉伯的财政收入为2,090亿美元，但即便如此，也不够用，因为沙特阿拉伯的财政预算是2,610亿美元。沙特阿拉伯2018年的预算是该国有史以来最高的。海湾国家面临的问题不是经济问题，而是金融流问题。目前，沙特阿拉伯每年花费2610亿美元，由于2008-2015年的石油繁荣，多年来一直保持这个水平。
While Western “rentier” type States such as Australia (Minerals like Iron) and Canada (Oil exporter) don’t have this issue as their governments’ revenue depends on taxes not resource extraction, this isn’t the case in the Gulf where to curry favor with their citizenry, the Gulf Monarchs pursued a “Zero Taxation” policy which gave their citizens the benefits of a Western Welfare State (Free Education, Free Healthcare, High Quality Policing etc.) without the costs (Taxes).The Gulf States are thus forced to find a way of replacing their oil money without angering their civilians.
而西方“食利者”类型的国家，如澳大利亚（出口矿产，如铁矿石）和加拿大（石油出口国）没有这个问题，因为他们政府的收入取决于税收而不是资源开采。海湾国家的情况并非如此，为了讨好他们的公民，海湾国家的君主奉行“零税收”政策，让他们的公民享受西方福利国家的好处（免费教育、免费医疗、高质量的治安等等），而不用付出成本（税收）。因此，海湾国家不得不寻找一种方法，在不触怒平民的情况下，用他们的石油收入替代税收。
而西方“食利者”类型的国家，如澳大利亚（出口矿产，如铁矿石）和加拿大（石油出口国）没有这个问题，因为他们政府的收入取决于税收而不是资源开采。海湾国家的情况并非如此，为了讨好他们的公民，海湾国家的君主奉行“零税收”政策，让他们的公民享受西方福利国家的好处（免费教育、免费医疗、高质量的治安等等），而不用付出成本（税收）。因此，海湾国家不得不寻找一种方法，在不触怒平民的情况下，用他们的石油收入替代税收。
The only Gulf State that succeeded is Dubai.However this is because Dubai has replaced its minor (even by Gulf standards) oil revenue with a very intense fine system.Salik and speed fines are vital government revenue - economist
To give you an idea of just how strict Dubai is with fining, its population in 2014 was 2.2 million yet 2.98 million TRAFFIC fines were handed out alone.
So the luxury police cars aren’t just for show, they’re to ensure they can catch up to any speeding vehicle and fine them.
唯一成功的海湾国家是迪拜。然而，这是因为迪拜用一种非常严格的罚款制度，取代了其不足的（即使按海湾国家的标准衡量）石油收入。道路自动收费系统和超速罚款是至关重要的政府收入。让我们看看迪拜的罚款有多严格吧。2014年，迪拜的人口是220万，但仅仅是交通罚款就有298万笔。因此，这些豪华警车并不只是为了炫耀，它们是为了确保能赶上任何超速行驶的车辆并对其处以罚款。
To give you an idea of just how strict Dubai is with fining, its population in 2014 was 2.2 million yet 2.98 million TRAFFIC fines were handed out alone.
So the luxury police cars aren’t just for show, they’re to ensure they can catch up to any speeding vehicle and fine them.
唯一成功的海湾国家是迪拜。然而，这是因为迪拜用一种非常严格的罚款制度，取代了其不足的（即使按海湾国家的标准衡量）石油收入。道路自动收费系统和超速罚款是至关重要的政府收入。让我们看看迪拜的罚款有多严格吧。2014年，迪拜的人口是220万，但仅仅是交通罚款就有298万笔。因此，这些豪华警车并不只是为了炫耀，它们是为了确保能赶上任何超速行驶的车辆并对其处以罚款。
This allows Dubai to essentially “tax” its residents in a way where it’s your fault. So instead of paying say $8,000 in taxes , you’re now paying $8,000 in fines because you were speeding so many times, spit gum on the sidewalk or were heard insulting someone in the streets.This has allowed Dubai to continue running smoothly. Which brings us to Saudi Arabia and the question:What should Saudi Arabia do to replace oil revenue?
这使得迪拜实质上可以以某种方式对其居民“征税”。所以，你现在要交8000美元的罚款，而不是缴纳8000美元的税，因为你超速很多次，在人行道上吐口香糖，或者有人听到你在街上侮辱别人，这使得迪拜得以继续平稳运行。与沙特阿拉伯对比，我们就会有个问题：沙特阿拉伯应该如何弥补石油收入（不足）呢？
这使得迪拜实质上可以以某种方式对其居民“征税”。所以，你现在要交8000美元的罚款，而不是缴纳8000美元的税，因为你超速很多次，在人行道上吐口香糖，或者有人听到你在街上侮辱别人，这使得迪拜得以继续平稳运行。与沙特阿拉伯对比，我们就会有个问题：沙特阿拉伯应该如何弥补石油收入（不足）呢？
评论翻译
回复一：
Ali Shojaee Bakhtiari
Saudi is a failed state. For decades their only use was to maintain the petrodollar afloat. Now with the US producing more oil than they do their single usefulness is consumed. They’re trying in vain to break the US oil industry so that they can return back to their status as the protectors of the USD. It’ll prove to be a shot in the foot.
沙特是一个失败的国家。几十年来，它们的唯一作用就是维持石油美元的运转。如今，随着美国生产更多石油，沙特唯一作用已经没有了。沙特徒劳地试图摧毁美国的石油工业，以恢复他们作为美元保护者的地位。这将被证明是一种徒劳。
Saudi is a failed state. For decades their only use was to maintain the petrodollar afloat. Now with the US producing more oil than they do their single usefulness is consumed. They’re trying in vain to break the US oil industry so that they can return back to their status as the protectors of the USD. It’ll prove to be a shot in the foot.
沙特是一个失败的国家。几十年来，它们的唯一作用就是维持石油美元的运转。如今，随着美国生产更多石油，沙特唯一作用已经没有了。沙特徒劳地试图摧毁美国的石油工业，以恢复他们作为美元保护者的地位。这将被证明是一种徒劳。
Robert L Hill
I don’t believe that Saudi is a “failed state”. Rather, they are doing EXACTLY what any thinking people would do, when faced with their situation. And Saudi STILL has much cheaper oil to sell than pretty much anywhere, except maybe Bahrain and the UAE. They have MUCH cheaper to produce oil than US fracked oil, and even lower than US non-fracked oil.
我不认为沙特是一个“失败的国家”。相反，他们所做的正是任何有想法的人在面对自己的处境时会做的事情。沙特的石油价格仍然比其他任何地方都要便宜，或许巴林和阿联酋除外。他们生产的石油比美国的水力压裂油便宜得多，甚至比美国的非水力压裂油更便宜。
I don’t believe that Saudi is a “failed state”. Rather, they are doing EXACTLY what any thinking people would do, when faced with their situation. And Saudi STILL has much cheaper oil to sell than pretty much anywhere, except maybe Bahrain and the UAE. They have MUCH cheaper to produce oil than US fracked oil, and even lower than US non-fracked oil.
我不认为沙特是一个“失败的国家”。相反，他们所做的正是任何有想法的人在面对自己的处境时会做的事情。沙特的石油价格仍然比其他任何地方都要便宜，或许巴林和阿联酋除外。他们生产的石油比美国的水力压裂油便宜得多，甚至比美国的非水力压裂油更便宜。
Robert L Hill
Where on earth do you get THAT figure???Lol… the last I heard it was $35 a barrel to produce Saudi oil…
你到底是从哪儿得到这个数字的？哈哈，我最近听说沙特石油的价格是每桶35美元……
Where on earth do you get THAT figure???Lol… the last I heard it was $35 a barrel to produce Saudi oil…
你到底是从哪儿得到这个数字的？哈哈，我最近听说沙特石油的价格是每桶35美元……
Ali Shojaee Bakhtiari
“According to the IMF, the fiscal breakeven price for Saudi crude is around $80 per barrel.”Read the lix that’s where on Earth I got the 80$.Break-even point: The selling point at which the seller of the commodity is projected to balance his budget.They have 35 million mouths to feed with nothing. No industry, no private sector, no taxes, no agriculture no tech… just oil and Hajj.The value is much lower for Russia because it’s Russia. Oil and gas are just one of their income sources.
“根据国际货币基金组织的数据，沙特原油的收支平衡价格在每桶80美元左右。”看看链接，我到底是从哪里得到80美元的。收支平衡点：商品销售者能够平衡预算的销售价格点。沙特有3500万张嘴，没有工业、没有私营部门、没有税收、没有农业、没有科技……只有石油和朝觐。俄罗斯的（原油的收支平衡）价格要低得多，因为它是俄罗斯，石油和天然气只是他们的收入来源之一。
“According to the IMF, the fiscal breakeven price for Saudi crude is around $80 per barrel.”Read the lix that’s where on Earth I got the 80$.Break-even point: The selling point at which the seller of the commodity is projected to balance his budget.They have 35 million mouths to feed with nothing. No industry, no private sector, no taxes, no agriculture no tech… just oil and Hajj.The value is much lower for Russia because it’s Russia. Oil and gas are just one of their income sources.
“根据国际货币基金组织的数据，沙特原油的收支平衡价格在每桶80美元左右。”看看链接，我到底是从哪里得到80美元的。收支平衡点：商品销售者能够平衡预算的销售价格点。沙特有3500万张嘴，没有工业、没有私营部门、没有税收、没有农业、没有科技……只有石油和朝觐。俄罗斯的（原油的收支平衡）价格要低得多，因为它是俄罗斯，石油和天然气只是他们的收入来源之一。
Ali Shojaee Bakhtiari
Robert, you seem to be who is conflating things, not me. I know Saudi oil costs dirt cheap. It’s liquid oil, not shale. The wells are not deep and are on the land and all other factors in their favor. That’s why it has been a great source of wealth for them. In this part, we are totally in agreement.
When I say and IMF says that the break-even cost for Saudis is 80$ and for Russia 40$ it takes into consideration all sources of income. Russians depend on oil and gas to some extend which means that if for the sake of argument it costs them 30$ to extract a barrel of oil they need to sell it for 40$ all other kept equal to break even.
Saudis may drill oil for dirt cheap let’s say 10$. Because they have no real another source of income they need to balance their budget base on this commodity alone therefore they need to sell it for at 80$ to break even financially.Saudis are far better off if they reduce their production by 10 percent in return for a 20% increase in the crude price. As things go their balance is negative and even though they are selling like crazy, they can’t balance their budget.I’m sure in Purdue they taught you about the above conundrum. It’s called “Dutch syndrome” and KSA economy badly suffers from it.
@Robert L Hill，似乎是你把事情混为一谈了，而不是我。我知道沙特的石油价格非常便宜。这是液态油，不是页岩油。井不深，而且在陆地上，所有其他因素都对他们有利。这就是为什么对他们来说，这是一个巨大的财富来源。在这一点上，我们完全同意。当我说，国际货币基金组织说，沙特的收支平衡成本是80美元，俄罗斯是40美元，这考虑了所有的收入来源。
俄罗斯人在某种程度上依赖石油和天然气，这意味着如果为了竞争的目的，他们需要以每桶30美元的价格出售石油，其他所有条件都保持平衡。沙特可能以非常便宜的价格开采石油，比如说10美元。因为他们没有其他真正的收入来源，他们需要基于单一商品来平衡他们的预算，因此他们需要以80美元的价格出售石油，以达到财务上的平衡。
如果沙特减少10%的产量，以换取原油价格上涨20%，那么他们的处境会好得多。随着情况的发展，他们的收支是负的，即使他们疯狂地销售，他们也无法平衡他们的预算。我相信在普渡大学他们会教你上面的难题。这就是所谓的“荷兰综合症”，沙特阿拉伯经济因此严重受损。（注：荷兰病是指一国，特别是中小国家经济的某一初级产品部门异常繁荣而导致其他部门衰落的现象。）
Robert, you seem to be who is conflating things, not me. I know Saudi oil costs dirt cheap. It’s liquid oil, not shale. The wells are not deep and are on the land and all other factors in their favor. That’s why it has been a great source of wealth for them. In this part, we are totally in agreement.
When I say and IMF says that the break-even cost for Saudis is 80$ and for Russia 40$ it takes into consideration all sources of income. Russians depend on oil and gas to some extend which means that if for the sake of argument it costs them 30$ to extract a barrel of oil they need to sell it for 40$ all other kept equal to break even.
Saudis may drill oil for dirt cheap let’s say 10$. Because they have no real another source of income they need to balance their budget base on this commodity alone therefore they need to sell it for at 80$ to break even financially.Saudis are far better off if they reduce their production by 10 percent in return for a 20% increase in the crude price. As things go their balance is negative and even though they are selling like crazy, they can’t balance their budget.I’m sure in Purdue they taught you about the above conundrum. It’s called “Dutch syndrome” and KSA economy badly suffers from it.
@Robert L Hill，似乎是你把事情混为一谈了，而不是我。我知道沙特的石油价格非常便宜。这是液态油，不是页岩油。井不深，而且在陆地上，所有其他因素都对他们有利。这就是为什么对他们来说，这是一个巨大的财富来源。在这一点上，我们完全同意。当我说，国际货币基金组织说，沙特的收支平衡成本是80美元，俄罗斯是40美元，这考虑了所有的收入来源。
俄罗斯人在某种程度上依赖石油和天然气，这意味着如果为了竞争的目的，他们需要以每桶30美元的价格出售石油，其他所有条件都保持平衡。沙特可能以非常便宜的价格开采石油，比如说10美元。因为他们没有其他真正的收入来源，他们需要基于单一商品来平衡他们的预算，因此他们需要以80美元的价格出售石油，以达到财务上的平衡。
如果沙特减少10%的产量，以换取原油价格上涨20%，那么他们的处境会好得多。随着情况的发展，他们的收支是负的，即使他们疯狂地销售，他们也无法平衡他们的预算。我相信在普渡大学他们会教你上面的难题。这就是所谓的“荷兰综合症”，沙特阿拉伯经济因此严重受损。（注：荷兰病是指一国，特别是中小国家经济的某一初级产品部门异常繁荣而导致其他部门衰落的现象。）
Sud S
if Saudi keeps production high, and pushes russian and american oil out of the market, their breakeven would come down, wont it, since they will be having a much bigger market share. Also with new altrnatives to oil coming into the maket, like electric cars and trucks which account for about 60% of oil consumption, it would be wise to keep price of oil low, so that research and development into these sectors is reduced. Oil will not be as useful or have as much value as it has right now, and saudi with huge reserves would do well to exchange all that oi in the ground for cash, which could go into their sovereign fund, or develop industries which require a lot of energy, like iron steel aluminium, smelting, petrochemicals etc. Also they are able to attract cheap disciplined labour from south asia and afganistan, so this is the time for them to set up such energy intensive industries, to tide over the loss in oi revenue at a later date
如果沙特保持高产量，并将俄罗斯和美国的石油赶出市场，他们的盈亏平衡价格点就会下降，不是吗？因为他们将拥有更大的市场份额。此外，随着新的，不需要石油（的产品）进入市场，如消费约60%石油的汽车和卡车变成电动汽车和卡车，保持低油价将是明智的，以减缓对这些领域的研究和发展。
石油马上就会变得没有用或没有价值，拥有巨大石油储量的沙特可以把所有地下石油换成现金，这些现金可以进入他们的主权基金，或者发展需要大量能源的行业，比如钢铁、铝、冶炼、石化等。此外，他们还能从南亚和阿富汗吸引到纪律严明的廉价劳动力，因此，现在是他们建立此类能源密集型产业的时候了，以便在日后弥补石油收入的损失。
if Saudi keeps production high, and pushes russian and american oil out of the market, their breakeven would come down, wont it, since they will be having a much bigger market share. Also with new altrnatives to oil coming into the maket, like electric cars and trucks which account for about 60% of oil consumption, it would be wise to keep price of oil low, so that research and development into these sectors is reduced. Oil will not be as useful or have as much value as it has right now, and saudi with huge reserves would do well to exchange all that oi in the ground for cash, which could go into their sovereign fund, or develop industries which require a lot of energy, like iron steel aluminium, smelting, petrochemicals etc. Also they are able to attract cheap disciplined labour from south asia and afganistan, so this is the time for them to set up such energy intensive industries, to tide over the loss in oi revenue at a later date
如果沙特保持高产量，并将俄罗斯和美国的石油赶出市场，他们的盈亏平衡价格点就会下降，不是吗？因为他们将拥有更大的市场份额。此外，随着新的，不需要石油（的产品）进入市场，如消费约60%石油的汽车和卡车变成电动汽车和卡车，保持低油价将是明智的，以减缓对这些领域的研究和发展。
石油马上就会变得没有用或没有价值，拥有巨大石油储量的沙特可以把所有地下石油换成现金，这些现金可以进入他们的主权基金，或者发展需要大量能源的行业，比如钢铁、铝、冶炼、石化等。此外，他们还能从南亚和阿富汗吸引到纪律严明的廉价劳动力，因此，现在是他们建立此类能源密集型产业的时候了，以便在日后弥补石油收入的损失。
Ali Shojaee Bakhtiari
You have a point. I agree that they’re probably aiming to sell as much oil as they can while it’s still valuable. But the Russian and American parts won’t be easy pushovers. Especially the US. If they decide the Saudis are smearing American businesses out they can bailout the American companies and put severe tarifs on Saudi oil. The Americans already shutdown one of their competitors in Iran cutting their 3.5 million barrals production to basically zero despite global chagrin. If they want they can suffocate Saudis all the same. It’s not 1970 anymore and oil is no longer a middle eastern monopoly.But, overall I agree with your points.
你说得有道理。我同意，沙特的目标可能是在石油仍有价值的时候尽可能多地出售石油。但俄罗斯和美国不会轻易屈服，特别是美国。如果他们认定沙特是在想方设法打压美国企业，他们可以救助美国公司，并对沙特的石油征收高额关税。美国已经阻止了他们的一个竞争对手——伊朗，将伊朗每天350万桶的石油产量削减到几乎为零，尽管这令全球失望。如果他们愿意，他们照样可以让沙特人窒息。现在已经不是1970年了，石油也不再由中东垄断。但是，总的来说，我同意你的观点。
You have a point. I agree that they’re probably aiming to sell as much oil as they can while it’s still valuable. But the Russian and American parts won’t be easy pushovers. Especially the US. If they decide the Saudis are smearing American businesses out they can bailout the American companies and put severe tarifs on Saudi oil. The Americans already shutdown one of their competitors in Iran cutting their 3.5 million barrals production to basically zero despite global chagrin. If they want they can suffocate Saudis all the same. It’s not 1970 anymore and oil is no longer a middle eastern monopoly.But, overall I agree with your points.
你说得有道理。我同意，沙特的目标可能是在石油仍有价值的时候尽可能多地出售石油。但俄罗斯和美国不会轻易屈服，特别是美国。如果他们认定沙特是在想方设法打压美国企业，他们可以救助美国公司，并对沙特的石油征收高额关税。美国已经阻止了他们的一个竞争对手——伊朗，将伊朗每天350万桶的石油产量削减到几乎为零，尽管这令全球失望。如果他们愿意，他们照样可以让沙特人窒息。现在已经不是1970年了，石油也不再由中东垄断。但是，总的来说，我同意你的观点。
Sud S
yep, the us can impose tariffs on saudi oil, which might push the saudis towards the russian-china block, where china could soak up all the oil that the saudis produce. Another threat that the us could use is to threaten remove their support for the monarchy, which trump i guess has already mentioned, which would give rise to popular revolution or rebellion among the peoples of the gulf states
是的，美国可以对沙特石油征收关税，这可能会把沙特推向中俄阵营，中国可以吸收沙特生产的所有石油。美国可以使用的另一个威胁是威胁取消对君主制的支持，我想特朗普已经提到了，这将引发海湾国家人民的革命或叛乱。
yep, the us can impose tariffs on saudi oil, which might push the saudis towards the russian-china block, where china could soak up all the oil that the saudis produce. Another threat that the us could use is to threaten remove their support for the monarchy, which trump i guess has already mentioned, which would give rise to popular revolution or rebellion among the peoples of the gulf states
是的，美国可以对沙特石油征收关税，这可能会把沙特推向中俄阵营，中国可以吸收沙特生产的所有石油。美国可以使用的另一个威胁是威胁取消对君主制的支持，我想特朗普已经提到了，这将引发海湾国家人民的革命或叛乱。
Robert L Hill
Saudi gets a rather large income from the Hajj and other tourism… That is why Mecca is so GIANT, and has so many HUGE hotels. Admittedly this year isn’t the best for them, just like here in Dubai.So while oil is overwhelming dominant, there IS other income…
沙特人从朝圣和其他旅游活动中获得相当大的收入，这就是为什么麦加如此庞大，有那么多大型酒店的原因。诚然，今年对他们来说不是最好的一年，对于迪拜也是一样。所以当石油占据压倒性的主导地位时，仍然还有其他收入……
Saudi gets a rather large income from the Hajj and other tourism… That is why Mecca is so GIANT, and has so many HUGE hotels. Admittedly this year isn’t the best for them, just like here in Dubai.So while oil is overwhelming dominant, there IS other income…
沙特人从朝圣和其他旅游活动中获得相当大的收入，这就是为什么麦加如此庞大，有那么多大型酒店的原因。诚然，今年对他们来说不是最好的一年，对于迪拜也是一样。所以当石油占据压倒性的主导地位时，仍然还有其他收入……
George Baggs
Robert, do you have any inside info on the depletion of the Saudi Ghawar field? How long can SA keep pumping at this rate? I know it's a Saudi state secret, but according to news reports… Biggest Saudi Oil Field Is Fading Faster Than Anyone Guessed.
@Robert L Hill，你有关于沙特加瓦尔油田即将耗竭的内部消息吗？以现在的速度沙特加瓦尔油田还能抽多久？我知道这是沙特的国家机密，但根据新闻报道……沙特最大的油田正在以比任何人猜测的更快的速度消失。
Robert, do you have any inside info on the depletion of the Saudi Ghawar field? How long can SA keep pumping at this rate? I know it's a Saudi state secret, but according to news reports… Biggest Saudi Oil Field Is Fading Faster Than Anyone Guessed.
@Robert L Hill，你有关于沙特加瓦尔油田即将耗竭的内部消息吗？以现在的速度沙特加瓦尔油田还能抽多久？我知道这是沙特的国家机密，但根据新闻报道……沙特最大的油田正在以比任何人猜测的更快的速度消失。
Robert L Hill
I’ve lead some Big Data conferences in Abu Dhabi with some very senior Saudis (guys that wear flowing white dishdashas with French cuffs and carry Monteblanc fountain pens, and arrive in chauffeured Rolls and Ferrari’s), and at one a European drilling expert and I had a few words about that. All Saudi Financial models were done using a 20 year time frx assumption window - as of a few years ago.Since that time, both Bahrain and the UAE have publicized some rather large finds of new oil, adjacent to the Ghawar fields… so I believe that there may be new oil to be found, especially if you can drill deeper.
我曾在阿布扎比与一些非常资深的沙特人主持过一些大数据会议，他们穿着飘逸的带着法国袖口的白色迪达戴，带着Monteblanc钢笔，开着有司机驾驶的劳斯莱斯和法拉利汽车。有一次，我和一位欧洲钻井专家聊过几句。自从几年前开始，沙特所有的金融模型都使用了20年的时间框架假设窗口。从那时起，巴林和阿联酋都公布了在加瓦尔油田附近发现了一些相当大的新油田，所以我相信可能会发现新的石油，特别是如果你能钻得更深的话。
I’ve lead some Big Data conferences in Abu Dhabi with some very senior Saudis (guys that wear flowing white dishdashas with French cuffs and carry Monteblanc fountain pens, and arrive in chauffeured Rolls and Ferrari’s), and at one a European drilling expert and I had a few words about that. All Saudi Financial models were done using a 20 year time frx assumption window - as of a few years ago.Since that time, both Bahrain and the UAE have publicized some rather large finds of new oil, adjacent to the Ghawar fields… so I believe that there may be new oil to be found, especially if you can drill deeper.
我曾在阿布扎比与一些非常资深的沙特人主持过一些大数据会议，他们穿着飘逸的带着法国袖口的白色迪达戴，带着Monteblanc钢笔，开着有司机驾驶的劳斯莱斯和法拉利汽车。有一次，我和一位欧洲钻井专家聊过几句。自从几年前开始，沙特所有的金融模型都使用了20年的时间框架假设窗口。从那时起，巴林和阿联酋都公布了在加瓦尔油田附近发现了一些相当大的新油田，所以我相信可能会发现新的石油，特别是如果你能钻得更深的话。
Nirupam Sarkar
I also heard that the production cost in KSA is a tad lower than that of Russia.
我也听说沙特的生产成本比俄罗斯要低一些。
I also heard that the production cost in KSA is a tad lower than that of Russia.
我也听说沙特的生产成本比俄罗斯要低一些。
Sud S
saudi has the lowest cost of production in the world, they literally have to just pump it from a few feet below the surface, besides it is very good quality
沙特是世界上石油生产成本最低的国家，他们实际上只需要从地下几英尺的地方抽取石油，而且石油质量也非常好。
saudi has the lowest cost of production in the world, they literally have to just pump it from a few feet below the surface, besides it is very good quality
沙特是世界上石油生产成本最低的国家，他们实际上只需要从地下几英尺的地方抽取石油，而且石油质量也非常好。
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