Why did japan have an easier time adapting to western trends compared to china in the 19th century?

煮酒论史:为什么19世纪日本比中国更容易适应西方趋势?
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China was a much larger and well established society with good trade paths with Europe but was eventually beaten out by Japan even though Japan is a large island that was split by multiple clans at the time. What exactly led to this? Was Japan able to be influenced easier because of it's small size?

中国是一个更大,更完善的社会,与欧洲有着良好的贸易往来,但尽管日本当时只是一个由多个宗族分裂的大岛,最终中国却被日本击败。到底是什么导致了这个?是因为它的体积小,日本能更容易受到影响吗?