QA问答：美国也能在10天内建好医院吗?

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Michael Sørensen, First Responder at Danish Red Cross (2014-present)
I assume you mean like the Chinese are doing in Wuhan? Yes they would.
In the USA, this job would likely be a joint venture between the engineering corps and medical corps. With hands and feet assistance from the national guard.
See, the Chinese are not building a hospital. They are building a field hospital. It will either be barracks from prefabricated elements, tents, containers or other quick and dirty solution, to provide the 10,000 beds needed. It’s a huge technical and logistical challenge, surely, but it can be done.
Something like this, scaled up a few times. Just about any army around the world has something like this in stock, ready to be shipped out. So does organisations like the Red Cross and or Doctors Without Borders, at least in the larger countries.
A view inside a US Army field hospital. Note the tube on top. That’s an inflatable beam, going through the length of the tent. A large inflatable tent like this can be setup in hours, including the floor.
For 10,000 people it will require multiple “sets”, but it’s doable. Will likely be several different “systems” intertwined.
I doubt they’ll start doing multi-story steel and concrete buildings with nice lobbies and elevators and stuff. But if they do, the Chinese are definitely the ones to pull it off.

Michael Sørensen, 丹麦红十字会的第一反应者 (2014-至今)
我猜你是说像中国人在武汉做的那样?
是的,他们（美国人）可以做到。在美国，这个工作可能是在工程兵团和医疗队共同协作，并在国民警卫队的帮助下完成。
你瞧，中国人不是在建常规医院。他们正在建造的是一所野战医院。它是由预制构件、帐篷、集装箱或其他应急解决方案搭建起来的营房，以提供所需的1万张床位。当然，这是一项巨大的技术和后勤挑战，但这是可以做到的。



像这样的临时医院再放大几倍。
世界上几乎所有的军队都有这样的储备，随时准备运出。像红十字会和无国界医生这样的组织也是如此，至少在较大的国家是这样。



美国陆军野战医院内的景象。注意顶部的管道。那是一根可充气的横梁，穿过整个帐篷。像这样的一个大的充气帐篷可以在数小时内搭建好，包括地板。
至于一万张病床规模，这将需要多个领域的“集合”，但这是可行的。可能会有几个不同的“体系”交织在一起。
我怀疑他们是否会建造带有漂亮大堂和电梯等设施的多层钢筋混凝土建筑。如果他们真这么做了，中国肯定是非常了不起的。

Bill Chen
You can''t do isolation or containment with tent cities.
I have used and set up these medical tents. They are cumbersome and unsuitable, especially in climate control and ventilation.
Which is why the Chinese are building proper facilities.

你不能用帐篷群来隔离病人。我用过也搭建过这些医疗帐篷。它们既笨重又不合适，尤其是在气温控制和通风方面。
这就是为什么中国人要建造相应的设施的原因。

Caleb Posey
In the US Army, we have field hospitals and tents that can be used in CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) environments, where you can take off your protective equipment inside. If you can keep CBRN threats out, I’m sure you can contain a virus.

在美国陆军，我们有野战医院和帐篷，可以在CBRN(化学、生物、放射和核)环境中使用，你可以在里面脱下防护装备。如果你能阻止CBRN的威胁，我相信你也能遏制病毒。

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Rachel Subijano
you are right
Huo shen shan temporary field hospital is being made just as you said. It won’t be a big high tech and glamorous hospital building, but it will serve its purpose, and can be completed in a very short about of time

你是对的，火神山临时野战医院正在按你说的做。它不会是一个大型的高科技和迷人的医院建筑，但它将服务于它的目的并可以在很短的时间内完成。



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Wolfgang Maleck
I have no experience with the army, but with civil defense (German branch of St. John’s ambulance).
Six people can unload and set up a treatment tent for 20 patients in less than an hour.
And this was a “real” tent, no fancy self-inflatable one.
We did this often, both as training exercises and in real life for providing coverage at mass gathering events.
A whole hospital should be doable within a day or two for a company of 100 trained people; but I never participated in such a large scale exercise.

我没有与军队打交道的经验，但有民防(圣约翰急救中心的德国分部)的经验。
6个人可以在不到一个小时的时间里为20个病人搭建一个治疗帐篷。这是一个“真正的”帐篷，而不是一个花哨的可自行充气的帐篷。
我们经常这样做，无论是作为训练练习，还是在现实生活中为群众集会活动提供报道。
对于一个由100名训练有素的人员组成的连队来说，一所完整的医院应该在一两天内就能建成，但是我从来没有参加过这么大规模的演习。

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Andy Richards
I spent several years in the 47th Combat Support Hospital in JBLM just south of Tacoma, WA. If I remember correctly, our doctrine was to get the complete hospital set up in 72 hours. The picture was taken from a helicopter, and stylized as a painting.



我在西弗吉尼亚州塔科马市以南的JBLM的第47战斗支援医院工作了几年。如果我没记错的话，我们的原则是要在72小时内建起完整的医院。这张照片是从直升飞机上拍摄的，并被定格为一幅画。

Michael Sørensen
Although 10,000 beds will require quite a few “Private’s first field hospital” sets. But of course the first could be done in 72 hours while one more kit was underway.

尽管10000个床位需要相当多的“私人第一野战医院”设备。但毫无疑问第一批可以在72小时内完成，而另一个批正在建造中。



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Rachel Subijano
I am half Chinese, and something about our culture that I was raised in is that, for most Chinese (including the Party) if they want something done, it gets done. Space? Okay do it here. Workers? Here’s 10,000.

我有一半的中国血统，在我成长的环境中，我们的文化是这样的:对于大多数中国人来说，如果他们想做成什么事，就会做成。房子?好，立马去做。需要工人?这里有1万个。



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Eugene Radchenko
Russia is now finishing the hospital in the far outskirts of Moscow just in case. Should take about a month in total. However, it is designed for 500 patients (250 in intensive care) rather than 10000. On the other hand, it is not in the tents. Although based on prefab elements, it uses normal buildings with full infrastructure and designed for long-service (design rating “several decades”). So, you can’t really compare. But many things are doable given proper management and investments.

以防万一，俄罗斯正在建设莫斯科远郊的这家医院，已处于收尾阶段。总共需要一个月的时间。然而，它是为500名患者(250名重症监护患者)设计的，而不是为10000名患者设计的。
另一方面，也不是在帐篷里。虽然它是基于预制构件，但它使用的是具有完整基础设施的普通建筑，并且是为长期使用而设计的(设计等级为“几十年”)。所以，毫无比较性。
但只要管理得当，投资得当，很多事情都是可行的。

2020.03.16



2020.04.04





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Philip Yap
There is no way a purpose build hospital like the one Chinese had achieved, can be done in US in 10 days, do not kid yourself.
EU minister said, l quote, ‘we need more than 10 days to discuss the proposal, location and funding’.
Western project implementation start with:
Project brief - require more than 10 days for similar size, functionality and complexity project.
Design - concept and details designs will take months.
Implementation/construction will take months or years.
3.1 mobilisation, in this case 700 excavators will take weeks or months.
3.2 site works for more than 10 acres site will take months.
3.3 building, power supply system, air conditioning/ventilation system, sanitary system, water supply system, communication system, finishes and fitout/furniture''s. This will require years in US.
Handover inspection, testing and certification will take weeks.

没有任何一所中国医院能在10天内建成，别自欺欺人了。欧盟部长表示，“我们需要超过10天的时间来讨论提议、地点和资金”。
西方的项目是这样实施:
1. 项目概要——类似规模、功能和复杂性的项目需要10天以上的时间。
2. 设计概念和细节设计——将需要几个月。
3.实施/建设——将需要数月或数年。
4. 动员，在这种情况下，700台挖掘机——将需要数周或数月的时间。
5. 占地面积超过10英亩的工地需要几个月的时间。
6. 建筑、电力供应系统、空调/通风系统、卫生系统、供水系统、通讯系统、装饰及装修/家具。这在美国需要好几年时间。
7. 交接，验收和鉴定也需要数周时间。

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Sukrit Ganesh
China’s infrastructure is certainly a wonder, but people are over-hyping this hospital. It’s just a bunch of collapsible structures assembled on an empty field, not a 50-story skyscraper. I commend China for taking quick action to combat the epidemic, but not everything they do is “impossible” or “otherworldly.”

中国的基础设施无疑是一个奇迹，但人们过度炒作了这家医院。
它只是一堆在空地上组装起来的可折叠结构，而不是一座50层的摩天大楼。我赞赏中国迅速采取行动抗击病毒，但并不是他们做的每件事都到了“不可能的”或“不切实际的”程度。

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Trevor Goodchild
Possessing the ability and actually using the ability are two very different things.
The US could, in theory, do such thing.
I have my doubts about the theory being applied to action.

有这种能力与实际行动是两码事。
美国，理论上可以做到。
但我怀疑理论是否会应用于行动。



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Quora User
I doubt.
Such temporary TENT military hospital are easy to built.
How can such military hospital to receive logistic supplies, in 4 or 5 days, to meet ALL the requirements for curing 1000 soldiers PER DAY?
I suggest you watch cgtn’s living stream. The background working efforts is beyond any country’ ability in human history.
If you need 1000 products to fulfill the obxtives, ONE single lack of any product/logistic failure, will drag the entire military hospital into nightmare.

美国能否做到我持怀疑态度。
这样的临时帐篷军事医院很容易建造，但这样的部队医院如何能在4 - 5天内收到后勤物资，以满足每天救治1000名士兵的所有要求?
我建议你看cgtn的直播。这种背景下的工作努力是任何国家在人类历史上都无法企及的。如果你需要1000个产品来完成目标，一个产品的缺失/后勤的失败，将会把整个军队医院拖入噩梦。

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Tony Singh
That’s kind of the thing. China is impressive, but while expressing their admiration people have kind of let themselves be seriously deluded about the capabilities of developed countries. More often than not you see them being grossly underestimated, like here. If something needs to get done, it will and does get done.

说得对。中国给人留下了深刻的印象.在表达赞赏的同时，人们也对发达国家的能力产生了严重的错觉。
你经常会看到他们（中国人）被严重低估，就像这里（很多的评论一样）。
（在中国）如果某件事需要完成，它就会完成。

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Dejan Glusac
Why everyone is commenting - our country is great, we can do it with tents.
No, you can NOT do it with tents. You can do regular hospital with tents, regular meaning you keep tents in OVERPRESSURE,and you do not have problem with germs, chemicals, radioactive particals and all other bs that could be outside of hospital.
BUT we are trying to contain infection which is inside of hospital,and that means you need UNDERPRESSURE inside. And NO you can not do that with tents.
This is massive undertaking,and something like that , you like it or not, can be done only in a communist country,and maybe in Russia because they kept their civil protection service (МЧС) intact

为什么每个人都在说——我们的国家是伟大的，我们可以用帐篷做到这一点。
不，你不能用帐篷。你可以用帐篷做常规的医院——常规的意思是，你在医院超负荷情况下投入帐篷，这样你就不会有细菌、化学物质、放射性粒子和其他所有可能泄露到医院外的问题。
但是我们正在努力控制医院内部的感染，这意味着你需要负压环境。所以不，你不能用帐篷。
这是一项艰巨的任务。无论你喜不喜欢,这项任务只能在一个共产国家做到，俄罗斯也许也可以，因为他们完好无损保留了他们的民事保护服务。

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Zhang Zhuofei
That’s basically the case, although I should point out that the one in the picture is a regular field hospital, while the ones built in China cater to contagious patients, so the appearance may be quite different.

基本上是这样的，但我要指出图片中的是一所普通的野战医院，而中国建造的野战医院是为了满足传染病患者的需要，所以外观可能会有很大的不同。

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Lim San
Talk is cheap. Have the US ever done it before?
What did US do for H1N1? Sure they can. But they couldn''t until proven they could.
It''s just not the technical.
But also the will and the heart. For the people.

耍嘴皮子是廉价的。美国以前这样做过吗?我们对H1N1做了什么?当然他们确实可以做到。但他们必须证明自己的能力。
这不单单是技术问题，还有意志和精神。
为人民服务。

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Don Cheadle
The U.S. is pretty inefficient with the way it builds stuff…the Chinese are world class. It’s seriously unbelievable. Like they can build the craziest stuff in the shortest amount of time. Just look at the most recent Tesla factory in Shanghai that went from a plot of land to producing cars in under a year. I know this isn’t a one to one comparison by any stretch of the imagination, but when I think about that relative to, say, the Second Avenue subway that took like 12 years for the first phase, I will admit I feel rather envious of the incredible building skills of the Chinese.

美国的建筑效率很低，而中国人是世界级的，他们是难以置信的。他们可以在最短的时间内做出最疯狂的东西。
看看特斯拉在上海的最新工厂就知道了，它在不到一年的时间里就从一块地皮变成了汽车生产厂。
我知道这不是一对一的比较,但当我把思维延伸开来，相关的比如：第二大道地铁的第一阶段就花了12年的时间，我承认我很羡慕中国人那令人难以置信的建造技术。

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Patrick Zhong
I somehow doubt that people would be complaining much about the lack of a marble floor and chandeliers when they’re literally dying

我怀疑，人们在快要死了的时候，会不会因为没有大理石地板和枝形吊灯而抱怨。

Michael Sørensen
Exactly.

没错。

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Chuangpu Tangnade
go to see the new video on YouTube, the new hospital is different from the tent hospital you posted. The new hospital is solid with sealed and screened air and water.

去看油管上的新视频，（中国建设的）新医院和你上传的帐篷医院不一样。新医院是封闭的，空气和水是经过过滤的。

Jim Zhang (张华荣）
The new hospital also doesn’t have separate quarantine, medicine, or bathrooms. It’s a pre-fab facility with solid walls.
...........
Claire Wang
If you are talking about Huoshenshan or Leishenshan, they do have those.

如果你说的是火神山或雷神山的话，它们有设备。

Jim Zhang (张华荣）
If there’s a way to add videos, there’s videos taken from inside that prove they don’t.

这里是可以添加视频的，有内部视频流出，证明那里是没有的。

Claire Wang
There is a way to add lixs though. Go ahead, and there are plenty of news reports and pictures show they do.

这里也可以添加链接。去吧，有大量新闻报导和照片证明它们有。

Jim Zhang (张华荣）
You can add those news reports if you like, curious you didn’t lix them.
These are from Fangcang, not the other hospitals.

你可以补充那些新闻报道，如果你喜欢。好奇的是，你没有给出链接。
这些是方仓医院，不是其他医院。



(看得懂英文的可以自行了解其中内容)

Claire Wang
Yes, the hashtag says it clearly “fangcang” Hospital, not Leishenshan nor Huoshenshan, the ones we are talking about under this answer. They are very different. Those Fangcang hospitals are the real “field hospitals” (take almost no time to build) and only receive confirmed cases with minor symptoms.
I didn’t lix them because I have already posted pictures in my own answer.
Here is the lix you want:

是的，标签上清楚地写着“方仓”医院，而不是我们在这个答案下谈论的雷神山和火神山。它们非常不同。
这些方仓医院是真正的“野战医院”(几乎不需要花时间建设)，只接收确诊的，症状轻微的病例。
我没有给出链接，因为我已经在我自己的答案中张贴了照片。
这是你想要的链接:（视频链接略）
我不知道你是疏忽了，还是故意疏忽并提供错误的信息?

Jim Zhang (张华荣）
Lol, you’re citing CGRN? No bias there.
Here we have a video of the actual hospitals, either Leishenshan or Huoshenshan.

哈哈哈，你引用的是CGTN的吗？对对对，那里没有偏见。
这里我们有一段真实医院的视频，要么是雷神山，要么是火神山的。



Claire Wang
OK,I get it, you are doing it deliberately. You are citing a video from some unknown twitter user and claiming that it should get more credibility than an actual media, the video is from a Pan-green Taiwan media no less. Did you even watch the video?? It just a typical Pan-green reporting says that the hospitals are actually prisons because they have bars in the windows and won’t let patient check out as they wish. Duh.

好的，我明白了，你是故意这么做的。你引用了一个不知名的twitter用户的视频，并声称它应该比真正的媒体更可信，并且这个视频来自一个台湾媒体。
你看了那个视频吗?它报告说医院..........窗户上有栅栏，不让病人按自己的意愿退房。呸！

Joey Joey
请原谅傻子。大多数人无法理解傻瓜的思维逻辑。您不能教白痴如何学习数学，也不能使用谣言发布者进行推理。没用的。一些白痴喜欢吃狗屎。你必须让他们吃屎。那是他们的最爱！

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Rudi Pan
It doesn’t matter whether the US can do it. They haven’t as of yet. Could, would,… how cares? They haven’t even when they’re complaining about a shortage of hospital beds.

美国能不能做到不重要，重要的是它们还没有做到。可以，能？谁在乎？
在它们抱怨医院床位紧张之时依然没有你所谓的临时医院。

Meet Manish Shah
Yet there are less chances for USA unless it is overall implemented by military. The main reason is USA is democratic and it is very tough to create quick decisions on such large projects. There will always be group of protestors who will protest on everything.

然而，美国（像中国那样）的机会更少，除非它是全面军事管制。
主要原因是美国是民主国家，在这样的大项目上很难快速做出决定。总会有一群抗议者，他们会对一切进行抗议。

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TerryLynn Zempel, Teacher and avid reader, but not a construction expert
This question brought back memories of the 1989 San Francisco/Oakland earthquake and the collapse of the Bay Bridge that connects those two cities. I was living temporarily in Berkeley (just north of Oakland) with my husband while he attended grad school.
When the earthquake happened, I had just settled down to watch Game 3 of the World Series between the Athletics and the Giants. My husband was driving, headed to KFC to bring back dinner. The quake lasted for about 20 seconds for me and it was the most terrifying experience I had ever known. Fortunately, our two-story wooden apartment complex did not sustain much damage. Elsewhere around Oakland, however, there was major damage, particularly to the highway systems. If you were alive back then, you might remember reports of the double-decker highway that collapsed on itself:
All photos found via Google search; copyright infringement not intended.

TerryLynn Zempel, 是老师和热心的读者，但不是建筑专家
这个问题让人回想起1989年的旧金山和奥克兰地震，以及连接这两个城市的海湾大桥的倒塌。在我丈夫读研究生的时候，我和他暂时住在伯克利(奥克兰以北)。
地震发生时，我正坐下来看世界大赛的第三场，是Athletics队和Giants队的比赛。我丈夫开车去肯德基买晚饭回来。地震持续了大约20秒，这是我所知道的最可怕的经历。幸运的是，我们的两层木制公寓没有受到太大的破坏。然而，奥克兰周围的其他地方却遭到了严重的破坏，尤其是高速公路系统。如果你当时还活着，你可能还记得关于双层高速公路坍塌的报道:



以及我已经提到的对部分桥梁的破坏:



我记得当时我想，‘哦，伙计，这太伤了。每天有10万人使用那座桥。他们不能过桥，又会发生什么事呢?”
当局肯定也有同样的想法，因为地震发生几天后，船上的吊车就运来了，重建工作也开始了。电视台记录了施工过程，每天的变化就像小象出生后的变化一样引人注目。这一分钟婴儿还在从母亲怀里出生，下一分钟就站了起来，摇摇晃晃。这就是那座桥的样子:前一分钟，桥的顶部还下陷到底部，下一分钟，整座桥就修好了。如果你眨眼的话，你可能错过整个修理过程。在通常情况下，可能需要一年才能完成的工作，在30天内就完成了。
我丈夫和我都惊呆了。看起来，当动机出现，优先级重新调整，可以做的事情是没有限制的。所以,是的。我相信美国能在10天内建成一所医院。如果民主党人参与其中，也许会是11天。
所有图片都搜索自谷歌，无意侵犯版权。