为什么越南看起来比菲律宾富有？

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：zmmyc 转载请注明出处

Hieu Luu
It concerns me that people post photos of Manila rush hour traffic to prove that car ownership makes a country look richer. Automobiles are depreciating assets.Furthermore, Vietnamese cities are compact and we have a culture of food crawl . The motorbike is a perfect and convenient device to move from one stall to another in narrow alleys, streets and especially….taking your girlfriend out for an evening ride along the lake for ice cream…

我担心的是，人们上传马尼拉交通高峰期的照片，以证明拥有汽车让一个国家看起来更富有，汽车是折旧的资产。此外，越南的城市是紧凑的，我们有一个美食游玩文化。 摩托车是一个完美和方便的工具，从一个摊位到另一个狭窄的小巷、街道、尤其是带着你的女朋友出去沿着湖边骑车吃冰淇淋。

Most middle class people in Vietnam like me are now choosing to spend as little on automobiles as possible. Motorbikes are an excellent choice, both in upfront cost and maintenance cost.Therefore only luxury automobiles can be considered to be a symbol of wealth. Since upper class and the super rich have enough investments and cars become a hobby or accessories for them. So unless you can show a road full of Mercedes Benz…

大多数像我一样的越南中产阶级现在选择尽可能少地在汽车上花钱。 无论是前期成本还是维护成本，摩托车都是一个很好的选择。因此，只有豪华汽车可以被认为是财富的象征。 因为上层阶级和超级富豪有足够的资本，汽车成为他们的爱好或配饰。 所以除非你能展示一条满是奔驰的路。

What population looks like for each mode of transport. As you can see, motorbikes reduce pollution, traffic jam and are making greater use of road space

每种交通方式的人口情况。 正如你所看到的，摩托车减少了污染，减少了交通堵塞，并且更多地利用了道路空间



Vietnam is a food secured nation, the top 10 in the world in rice, coffee, shrimps, cashew nuts export.Skyscrapers do not make a country look rich, especially when many people are homeless or lacking in basic necessities like food. It’s the overall wellness of the people.And I think most people would agree with me: the general population of Vietnam is much more well-off, looked after and safer/secured than people in the Philippines.

越南是一个粮食安全国家，大米、咖啡、虾、腰果出口量居世界前十位。摩天大楼并不能使一个国家看起来富有，特别是当许多人无家可归或缺乏像食物这样的基本必需品时。 这是人民的整体福祉。我想大多数人都会同意我的看法: 越南的普通民众比菲律宾的人们更富裕、更有保障、更安全。

Ziaddinè Chahoudi
The Philippines have suffered extreme corruption due to the legacy left by Ferdinand Marcos that set back from its development opportunities. Turn out, Marcos had effectively killed the Philippines’ chance to become a developed country, and making the country a third-world nation (prior to Marcos, the Philippines had the most advanced economy in Asia). This is very depressing since the country is already industrialized itself. Thus, the Philippines today have to endure the debt left back by Marcos Government and it has never been completely solved. This is a typical example of how an industrialized nation failed to become a developed nation.

菲律宾已经遭受了极端的腐败，因为Ferdinand Marcos组织留下的遗产阻碍了它的发展机会。 事实证明，Ferdinand Marcos实际上扼杀了菲律宾成为发达国家的机会，使其成为第三世界国家(在Ferdinand Marcos之前，菲律宾是亚洲最发达的经济体)。 这非常令人沮丧，因为这个国家本身已经工业化了。 因此，菲律宾今天不得不忍受Ferdinand Marcos政府留下的债务，这种债务从未得到完全解决。 这是一个工业化国家如何未能成为发达国家的典型例子。

A cemetery slum in the Philippines, where the poorest live with the deaths. Freaking reality.Vietnam is a late comer of industrialization so it will have to take a longer route, but since the Philippines are more corrupt, Vietnam takes a faster advantage and is reducing the distance seriously. As long as the Philippines remain in rampant corruption, Vietnam (also corrupt but lesser than the Philippines) can use the time the Pinoys are struggling with Duterte and the Government of the Philippines to make a breakthrough.

菲律宾的一个墓地贫民窟，那里最贫穷的人和死去的人生活在一起，这是一个可怕的现实。越南是工业化的后起之秀，所以它必须走一条更长的路线，但是由于菲律宾更加腐败，越南占据了更快的优势，并且正在认真缩短差距。 只要菲律宾的腐败仍然猖獗，越南(也是腐败国家，但比菲律宾的腐败程度低)就可以利用Pinoys与杜特蒂和菲律宾政府斗争的时间，取得突破。

So I expect while the Philippines is having higher GDP/per capita than Vietnam now, the sad evidence of the Philippines’ repeated corruption and criminal activities will continue to hamper the country’s growth, contributing to the reason why a poorer Vietnam is seen to be richer than the Philippines.In this question, the best answer is, Vietnam is not really better because it is still on their road to complete industrialization; but with a lazy and corrupt Philippines, they can pass ahead.

因此，我预计，尽管菲律宾目前的人均国内生产总值高于越南，但菲律宾反复出现的腐败和犯罪活动，将继续阻碍该国的经济增长，这也是越南比菲律宾富裕的原因之一。在这个问题上，最好的答案是，越南并不是真的更好，因为它仍然在完成工业化的道路上; 但是有一个懒惰和腐败的菲律宾，导致他们越南可以继续超越。

Tuan Anh Vu
Philippine GDP per capita is 20% higher than Vietnam partly because of higher starting point after Vietnam war. So if you look at inner Manila for example, it looks much richer (car, building, shops, infrastructure…) comparing to Hanoi or HCMC. I have worked with many Filipino colleagues - most of them are professional, well-educated and are very likable.

菲律宾的人均国内生产总值比越南高出20% ，部分原因是越南战争后，菲律宾的起点更高。 因此，如果你看看内马尼拉，它看起来比河内或胡志明市 更富有(汽车、建筑、商店、基础设施等）。 我曾与许多菲律宾同事共事——他们大多数都是专业人士，受过良好教育，非常可爱。

However, it is the inequality that give the other side of impression. Vietnam is still a bit poorer but has better social safety network (both formal and informal). So while Vietnam has around 2% of adult population living for under 1.9 USD per day (in PPP term), the rate in Philippine is closed 7.8%, or nearly 4 times higher.

然而，正是这种不平等给人以另一种印象。 越南仍然有点穷，但有更好的社会安全网络(正式和非正式)。因此，尽管越南约有2% 的成年人每天生活费低于1.9美元(按购买力平价计算) ，但菲律宾的这一比率为7.8% ，几乎高出4倍。

I was in shock when visited Manila area last month and see so many people sleep in the streets not only at nights but also during the day time including many children. As those children can not go to school, you can guess what their future might look like.In Vietnam, even in extremely poor and remote areas, the government does a good job getting children to schools. Society in general also try to give a helping hand. Some of children go to school partly because they have things to eat and play there.I really do hope that our Philippine friends are doing a bit better to take care with their future generation. It is future of our ASEAN too.

上个月访问马尼拉地区时，我感到震惊，看到这么多人不仅在晚上睡在街上，白天也睡在街上，包括很多孩子。由于这些孩子不能上学，你可以猜测他们的未来会是什么样子。在越南，即使是在极度贫困和偏远的地区，政府也做得很好，让孩子们上学。 一般来说，社会也试图伸出援助之手。 有些孩子上学是因为他们在那里有吃的和玩的东西。我真的希望我们的菲律宾朋友能够更好地照顾他们的下一代。这也是我们东盟的未来。

Benjamin Azada
My guess is that the reason is that income inequality is greater in the Philippines than in Viet Nam, even if the Philippines’ per capita GDP is higher. The Philippines’ Gini coefficient is around 43, while Viet Nam’s is around 35. So you see more extremes of poor and rich in the Philippines: squatters, beggars, etc.

我的猜测是，原因是菲律宾的收入不平等程度高于越南，即使菲律宾的人均国内生产总值高于越南。菲律宾的基尼系数在43左右，而越南的在35左右。 所以你在菲律宾看到了更多的穷人和富人的极端: 流浪汉，乞丐等等。



2024 projections by reputable agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. GDP rebase: In other words, the Philippines GDP is still based on the outdated 20 year old base year prices - the government will rebase it to the 2018 model in 2021 - hence why we can see a huge jump from anywhere to $500–600$ billion . The IMF and World Bank highly encourage countries to upxe every 5 years to get an accurate and realistic economic perspective in regards to the economy.Even without a GDP rebase the Philippines is expected to almost double by 2024 - leaving Vietnam lagging much behind.

世界银行和国际货币基金组织等著名机构对2024年的预测。国内生产总值调整基数: 换句话说，菲律宾国内生产总值仍然基于过时的20年前老的基准年价格——政府将在2021年重新基于2018年模型——因此我们可以看到会从任何地方都将有5000-6000亿美元的巨大跳跃。 国际货币基金组织和世界银行强烈鼓励各国每5年更新一次，以便从经济方面获得准确和实际的经济前景。即使不调整 GDP 基数，到2024年菲律宾的GDP 预计也会翻一番，使得越南远远落在后面。

Higher Human development index,Let’s compare the main capitals, urbanization rate in Vietnam is not as high, nor dense as The Philippines. Ho Chi Minh city is okay, but few kilometers from Hanoi center and you still find agricultural lands like this

更高的人类发展指数，让我们比较一下主要的首都，越南的城市化率不像菲律宾那么高，也不像菲律宾那么密集。胡志明市还可以，但是离河内市中心只有几公里，你仍然可以看到这样的农田。
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