为什么其他国家不能在电子和智能手机市场与中国竞争?

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：zzz9066 转载请注明出处

Yue Yie, former Advisory Board Member (2017-2019)

前顾问委员会成员(2017-2019)

I went to China in the early 2000s and I saw:-

我在21世纪初去过中国，当时我看到

A dedicated area as big as a major Malaysian towns making only watches and its components:

一个和马来西亚主要城镇一样大的专门区域，只生产手表及其零部件:

They were making fake branded watches as well as local generic brands;

他们制造假冒的名牌手表和当地普通品牌的手表;

The watches are graded into 4 to 5 classes. 1 being cheapest made from the cheapest components while 5 being the most expensive made from the best they had to offer I couldn’t even tell that it’s a fake;

手表分为4到5个登记。第1等级是由最便宜的部件制成的最便宜的手表，第5等级是由他们所能提供的最好的部件制成的最昂贵的，第5等级我甚至看不出是假的;



At the time even back then, a thought came across my mind that if the Chinese could do all that even when their economy was not entirely opened yet to global trade, imagine what they can achieve if the doors to the global market are widely open for them as it is today.

即使在当时，一个想法在我脑海中出现，如果中国能够在他们的经济尚未完全向全球贸易开放的时候做到这些，想象一下当他们大门敞开地面向全球贸易时会取得什么样的成就。

It didn’t came as a surprise for me when I saw the news about their success in building a makeshift hospital in Wuhan within just 8 days. Today China’s manufacturing abilities are light years ahead of everyone. They have the capability to manufacture cheap and reliable products both on an ad hoc basis for a specific ad hoc purposes as well as products that last for commercial purposes. I bet that the costs of the hospital and equipment costs merely a fraction than what could have been everywhere else :-)

当我看到他们在8天内成功地在武汉建了一所临时医院的消息时，我并不感到惊讶。如今，中国的制造能力领先于所有国家数光年。它们有能力生产廉价和可靠的产品，既能在特定的基础上用于特定的目的，也能生产用于商业目的的产品。我敢打赌，医院和设备的费用比其他任何地方都要少:-)

Dev Gupta, Chief Technology Officer, Semiconductors ( Computer Chips )

半导体(电脑晶片)技术主任

First you need to understand that even in a Chinese brand phone most of the complex high tech components used ( like the Application Processor, the Modem chip, the Radio Freq. module, … ) are of foreign design and manufacture ( Taiwan, US .. ). Only about half the manufacturing cost of brands like VIVO, Oppo etc. are from activities within China ( e,g. the Camera module by Aptina, this used to be a US company then was bought by China, the display and the Li ion battery, the simpler components like all the mechanical and electro mechanical parts … ).

首先你需要了解的是，即使是在中国品牌的手机中，大多数复杂的高科技组件(如应用处理器、调制解调器芯片、无线电频率模块等)都是其他地区设计和制造的(美国等)。像VIVO、Oppo等品牌的制造成本中，只有大约一半来自中国国内的活动(例如:镁光的相机模块，这曾经是一家美国公司，然后被中国收购，显示器和锂离子电池，以及像所有的机械和机电部分这些更简单的组件…)。

All the final assembly & testing of the Phones is done in China ( adds just 10 % to total cost ) which is how every current big brand ( even Samsung ) outside the US got started in the Mobile Phone business. Then there is the cost to license the operating system software which is typically Android licensed from Google .

所有手机的最终组装和测试都是在中国完成的(仅占总成本的10%)，这就是目前美国以外的所有大品牌(甚至包括三星)涉足手机业务的方式。然后是操作系统软件的授权费用，通常是来自谷歌的安卓授权。

Mobile phones were invented (1973) and till 2000 the worldwide business used to be dominated by Motorola, originally a US Co. but since 2012 a brand owned by Lenovo ( itself originally an IBM brand for their Laptops ) of China.

1973年，人们发明了移动电话。2000年之前，摩托罗拉一直是全球手机行业的霸主。摩托罗拉原本是一家美国公司，但自2012年起，摩托罗拉成为中国联想的品牌(联想原本是IBM旗下的笔记本电脑品牌)。
（译者注：事实是2005年，联想集团收购IBM PC事业部；2014年10月，联想集团完成对摩托罗拉移动的收购。）

As the inventor of many of these technologies at Motorola in the US, I had offered the Electronics Ministry of India to set up a complete ( incl. R&D for hardware, manufacturing & software ) Smart Phone mfr. operation ( factories ) in India, using only fellow IITans to ensure success.

作为曾在美国摩托罗拉发明了这些技术的始创者，我曾提议印度电子部在印度建立一个完整的(包括硬件、制造和软件的研发)智能手机工厂，只使用印度理工学院的人来确保成功。

But even the Sci. / Tech Ministries in India are run by greedy IAS crooks and after using our proposal as excuse to visit the US several times they blocked it - even though Minister Kapil Sibal had already allocated $1.5 billion for it.

但即使是印度的科技部也是由贪婪的骗子们管理的，在以我们的提议为借口几次访问美国之后，他们拒绝了这一提议——尽管卡皮尔 西巴尔部长已经为此划拨了15亿美元。



Had the IAS scoundrels not blocked our plans, today India will not have to import nearly $50 billion worth of Electronics from its enemy China and might even be exporting some to them.

如果那些恶棍没有阻止我们的计划，今天印度将不必从它的敌人中国进口价值近500亿美元的电子产品，甚至可能向他们出口一些。

Of course India has yet another handicap compared to China.and that is its traditional crooked Banias ( traders ). Even the largest of these Traders ( like the Ambanis ) do not wanta to get into high capital, high risk enterprises like manufacturing prefer importing from China instead. Pseudo Indian Smart Phone brands like Micro Max are just rebranded Chinese products. These traders control the current Govt. and have distorted their decision making.

当然，与中国相比，印度还有另一个障碍。就是历来不诚实的商人。即使是印度最大的贸易商(如安巴尼)也不想进入高资本，高风险的行业，他们宁愿从中国进口。像Micro Max这样的伪印度智能手机品牌只是重新命名的中国产品。这些商人控制了当前的政府，扭曲了他们的决策。

There is really no hope for India so long as it is run by fools and crooks. FYI the avg. IQ of Indians is just 83 ( even lower for Hindi speakers of the BIMARU states ), that for the US 100 and for the Mainland Chinese 103.

只要印度还在蠢人和骗子的统治下，它就没有希望了。仅供参考，印度人的平均智商仅为83(比马鲁邦说印地语的人智商更低)，而美国人的平均智商为100，中国大陆人的平均智商为103。

But the avg. IQ for IIT ans in Silicon Valley is as high as 115. Too bad that the JEALOUS IDIOTS in India will never let us help India directly, instead heap guilt on us ( "we educated you at public expense and then you abandoned the country to get rich") to beg for handouts !

但是在硅谷的印度理工学院的人平均智商高达115。可惜的是，印度的那些嫉妒的白痴永远不会让我们直接帮助印度，而是把内疚堆在我们身上(“我们用公费教育你们，然后你们为了钱而抛弃了这个国家”)来乞求施舍!

David Alexander
By compete I assume you mean cost/price. Most of the IP has been developed and continually innovated in the U.S. There are a few layers to the answer.

我想你说的竞争是指成本/价格。大部分知识产权都是在美国开发和不断创新的。答案有几个层次。

To start, Because of low cost labor China was almost the default for manufacturing. Initially (very early on) much of the SMT (surface mounted technology) and circuitry was done manually with assembly lines (soldering, potting) and hundreds, even thousands of young, nimble and mostly female workers with tiny hands. Much of this has been automated now but there is still in line testing required for 100% of the more expensive electronics or as you’ve referred, smartphones granted the volumes are high. For other injection molded parts the tooling has always been less expensive in China because there is so much labor in creating molds.

首先，由于劳动力成本低，中国几乎是制造业的默认选择。最初(很早就)，许多SMT(表面安装技术)和电路都是用装配线(焊接、灌封)和数百、甚至数千名年轻、灵活、双手纤细的女性工人手工制作的。这些现在大部分都已经自动化了，但是仍然需要对更昂贵的电子产品进行测试，或者像你提到的，智能手机的数量是很高的。至于其他注塑件，模具在中国一直比较便宜，因为有太多的劳动力在创建模具。

Because the manufacturing base started in China the supply chain for all these components is firmly rooted there. This means components, accessories, even packaging suppliers are already in place. Even if the entire manufacturing operation was automated it would be difficult to entirely supplant China in the near future. Longer term… the current state of geopolitical affairs certainly indicates others will sure be trying.

因为制造基地在中国，所有这些部件的供应链都牢牢地扎根在那里。这意味着零部件、配件、甚至包装供应商都已经到位。即使整个制造过程都是自动化的，在不久的将来也很难完全取代中国。从长远来看……当前的地缘政治形势无疑表明，其他人肯定会尝试这么做。



China does not actually design or create the most critical components necessary to make high tech products
Critical components are actually all designed in The West

中国实际上并不设计或制造在制造高科技产品中所必需的最关键部件。
关键部件实际上都是在西方设计的。

Most of those critical components are still manufactured in The West with one exception, mobile processors are commonly stamped out in Taiwan and South Korea.

这些关键部件中的大部分仍在西方生产，但有一个例外，移动处理器通常在台湾和韩国生产。

China was converted into a massing assembly facility by The West, it was The West that brought manufacturing techniques, machinery, processes and training to China so that extremely low cost workers, basically former farmers that have been hired in the big cities to work for little more than they earned as farmers (and yet that little bit is enough to attract billions of workers to the cities, since The West moved their assembly factories to China.

中国被西方改造成了一个大规模的组装工厂，是西方把制造技术、机械、工艺和培训带到中国，所以那些成本极低的工人，基本上是以前在大城市工作的农民，他们的工资只比农民高一点点，然而，这一点就足以吸引数十亿工人到城市，因为西方把他们的组装工厂搬到了中国。