什么是《公民身份修正法案》，为什么会引发抗议？
What is Citizenship Amendment Act and why it has triggered protests
译文简介
几乎一边倒的评论让我有点恍惚，后来一想，原来某些地区断网了呀。
正文翻译
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：后羿A射日 转载请注明出处
NEW DELHI: Protests over the contentious Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) spread across the country on Monday with students, some sections of the civil society and opposition political parties holding demonstrations at several places urging the Centre to revoke the Act. Here is all you need to now:
新德里消息：周一，抗议备受争议的《公民身份修正法案》活动在全国蔓延，学生、民间团体的一些部门和反对党派在多个地方举行示威，敦促中央政府撤销该法案。下面是一些你需要知道的信息:
What is the Citizenship (Amendment) Act?
什么是《公民身份（修正）法案》?
The bill that is now an Act makes it easier for the non-Muslim immigrants from India''s neighbours - Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan - to become citizens of India. Though the Bill doesn''t spell it out clearly, but the fact that it entitles Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians facing religious persecution in the three nations, to seek Indian citizenship, highlights the exclusion of Muslims.
议案现在已成为了法案。有了该法案，来自印度邻国：巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和阿富汗的非穆斯林移民成为印度公民就更方便了。议案给这三个国家面临宗教迫害的印度教徒、锡克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒、帕西教徒和基督徒寻求印度公民身份的权利，虽然没有明确规定，但议案明确将穆斯林排除在外。
The Act says the refugees of the six communities will be given Indian citizenship after residing in India for five years, instead of 11 years earlier.
根据该法案，来自这六个宗教团体的难民在印度居住满5年可以获得印度公民身份，而之前获得印度公民身份则需要11年时间。
Protests across the country
全国各地的抗议活动
Ruling CPI(M)-led LDF and opposition Congress headed UDF in Kerala held a joint protest against the amended Citizenship act with chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan slamming the move as an attempt to "curb freedom".
在喀拉拉邦，印共(马)为主的左翼联盟和反对党国大党领导的统一民主联盟举行联合抗议，反对修改后的公民身份法案，首席部长皮纳拉伊·维贾扬抨击此举企图“限制自由”。
Who will benefit from the law?
谁将从中受益?
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act grants citizenship to Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains and Parsis - from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh who had arrived in India before December 31, 2014. The legislation applies to those who were “forced or compelled to seek shelter in India due to persecution on the ground of religion”. It aims to protect such people from proceedings of illegal migration from the neighbouring countries.
《公民身份(修正)法案》给予2014年12月31日前从阿富汗、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国抵达印度的印度教徒、基督徒、锡克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒和帕西人印度公民身份。该法适用于那些“因宗教迫害而被强制或强迫在印度寻求庇护的人”。目的是保护这些人免受邻国的非法移民诉讼。
The requirement to stay in India for those belonging to any of these 6 religion for at least 11 years before applying for Indian citizenship has been reduced to five years.
Indian citizenship, under present law, is given either to those born in India or if they have resided in the country for a minimum of 11 years.
来自这六种宗教团体的人，之前如果想申请印度国籍，必须要在印度停留至少11年，新法案将停留时间降到了5年。
根据现行法律，印度公民可以是在印度出生的人，也可以是在印度居住满11年及以上的人。
Why the protests?
为什么会有抗议?
There are two distinct rallying points of protests against the Act. In the northeast, the protest is against the Act''s implementation in their areas. Most of them fear that if implemented, the Act will cause a rush of immigrants that may alter their demographic and linguistic and cultural uniqueness.
反对该法案的抗议活动有两个明显的集结点。东北地区反对该法案在当地实施。东北地区大多数人担心，如果该法案得以实施，则会给当地带来移民潮，而这可能会改变当地的人口结构，以及语言和文化的独特性。
In the rest of India, like in Kerala, West Bengal and in Delhi, people are protesting against the exclusion of Muslims, alleging it to be against the ethos of the Constitution.
印度的其他地方，比如喀拉拉邦、西孟加拉邦和德里，人们抗议法案排斥穆斯林，声称这违反了宪法精神。
The exclusions
例外
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act does not apply to tribal areas of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya because of being included in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. Also areas that fall under the Inner Limit notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, will also be outside the Act''s purview. This keeps almost entire Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland out of the ambit of the Act.
《公民身份(修正)法案》不适用于特里普拉、米佐拉姆、阿萨姆和梅加拉亚邦的部落地区，因为这些地区被列入《宪法》的第6个附件。此外，根据1873年制定《孟加拉东部边境章程》，属于内部限制的地区也不在该法的范围之内。这样的话几乎整个阿鲁纳恰尔邦、米佐拉姆邦、曼尼普尔邦和那加兰邦被排除在法案执行范围之外。
NRC lix to the controversial Act
与争议法案有关的国民登记制度
Government''s stand on CAA
政府对《公民身份修正法案》的立场
The Centre has rejected the suggestions that the bill is anti-Muslim. Home minister Amit Shah has said the measure has the endorsement of 130 crore citizens of the country as it was the part of the BJP manifesto in 2014 as well as 2019 Lok Sabha elections.
中央政府否认了该法案反穆斯林的说法。印度内政部长阿米特·沙阿表示，这项措施得到了印度1.3亿公民的支持，这是2014年印度人民党宣言的一部分，也是2019年下议院选举的一部分。
The Act does not discriminate against anyone and does not snatch anyone''s rights, Shah said. The home minister said under the Act, citizenship will be granted to refugees coming from the three countries after facing religious persecution there even without documents, including ration cards.
This bill is not even .001 per cent against Muslims. It is against infiltrators, the home minister has reiterated.
该法案没有歧视任何人，没有剥夺任何人的权利，内政部长表示，根据该法案，来自这三个国家面临宗教迫害的难民，即使没有包括配给卡在内的文件，也可以获得印度公民身份。
该项提案对穆斯林的反对率甚至不到0.01%。内政部长重申，该项法案主要针对渗透者的。
Bill passes Lok Sabha test
下议院通过了提案
On December 9, the Lok Sabha passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill after a seven-hour-long debate with 334-106 votes.
12月9日，下议院经过7个小时的辩论，以334票对106票的结果通过了《公民身份(修正)提案》。
Bill Passed in Rajya Sabha
上议院通过了议案
On December 11, the Rajya Sabha approved the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, thus completing the legislative procedure for giving Indian citizenship to non-Muslims migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Bill was passed with 125-105 votes.
12月11日，上议院通过了《公民身份(修正)提案》，从而完成了向来自巴基斯坦、阿富汗和孟加拉国的非穆斯林移民授予印度公民身份的立法程序。该提案以125票赞成，105票反对获得通过。
Bill gets President''s assent
总统批准提案
On December 12, President Ram Nath Kovind gave his assent to the Bill, turning into an Act
12月12日，拉姆·纳特·科温德总统批准了该提案，该提案正式成为法案。
NEW DELHI: Protests over the contentious Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) spread across the country on Monday with students, some sections of the civil society and opposition political parties holding demonstrations at several places urging the Centre to revoke the Act. Here is all you need to now:
新德里消息：周一，抗议备受争议的《公民身份修正法案》活动在全国蔓延，学生、民间团体的一些部门和反对党派在多个地方举行示威，敦促中央政府撤销该法案。下面是一些你需要知道的信息:
What is the Citizenship (Amendment) Act?
什么是《公民身份（修正）法案》?
The bill that is now an Act makes it easier for the non-Muslim immigrants from India''s neighbours - Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan - to become citizens of India. Though the Bill doesn''t spell it out clearly, but the fact that it entitles Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians facing religious persecution in the three nations, to seek Indian citizenship, highlights the exclusion of Muslims.
议案现在已成为了法案。有了该法案，来自印度邻国：巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和阿富汗的非穆斯林移民成为印度公民就更方便了。议案给这三个国家面临宗教迫害的印度教徒、锡克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒、帕西教徒和基督徒寻求印度公民身份的权利，虽然没有明确规定，但议案明确将穆斯林排除在外。
The Act says the refugees of the six communities will be given Indian citizenship after residing in India for five years, instead of 11 years earlier.
根据该法案，来自这六个宗教团体的难民在印度居住满5年可以获得印度公民身份，而之前获得印度公民身份则需要11年时间。
Protests across the country
全国各地的抗议活动
Ruling CPI(M)-led LDF and opposition Congress headed UDF in Kerala held a joint protest against the amended Citizenship act with chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan slamming the move as an attempt to "curb freedom".
在喀拉拉邦，印共(马)为主的左翼联盟和反对党国大党领导的统一民主联盟举行联合抗议，反对修改后的公民身份法案，首席部长皮纳拉伊·维贾扬抨击此举企图“限制自由”。
Who will benefit from the law?
谁将从中受益?
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act grants citizenship to Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains and Parsis - from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh who had arrived in India before December 31, 2014. The legislation applies to those who were “forced or compelled to seek shelter in India due to persecution on the ground of religion”. It aims to protect such people from proceedings of illegal migration from the neighbouring countries.
《公民身份(修正)法案》给予2014年12月31日前从阿富汗、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国抵达印度的印度教徒、基督徒、锡克教徒、佛教徒、耆那教徒和帕西人印度公民身份。该法适用于那些“因宗教迫害而被强制或强迫在印度寻求庇护的人”。目的是保护这些人免受邻国的非法移民诉讼。
The requirement to stay in India for those belonging to any of these 6 religion for at least 11 years before applying for Indian citizenship has been reduced to five years.
Indian citizenship, under present law, is given either to those born in India or if they have resided in the country for a minimum of 11 years.
来自这六种宗教团体的人，之前如果想申请印度国籍，必须要在印度停留至少11年，新法案将停留时间降到了5年。
根据现行法律，印度公民可以是在印度出生的人，也可以是在印度居住满11年及以上的人。
Why the protests?
为什么会有抗议?
There are two distinct rallying points of protests against the Act. In the northeast, the protest is against the Act''s implementation in their areas. Most of them fear that if implemented, the Act will cause a rush of immigrants that may alter their demographic and linguistic and cultural uniqueness.
反对该法案的抗议活动有两个明显的集结点。东北地区反对该法案在当地实施。东北地区大多数人担心，如果该法案得以实施，则会给当地带来移民潮，而这可能会改变当地的人口结构，以及语言和文化的独特性。
In the rest of India, like in Kerala, West Bengal and in Delhi, people are protesting against the exclusion of Muslims, alleging it to be against the ethos of the Constitution.
印度的其他地方，比如喀拉拉邦、西孟加拉邦和德里，人们抗议法案排斥穆斯林，声称这违反了宪法精神。
The exclusions
例外
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act does not apply to tribal areas of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya because of being included in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. Also areas that fall under the Inner Limit notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, will also be outside the Act''s purview. This keeps almost entire Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland out of the ambit of the Act.
《公民身份(修正)法案》不适用于特里普拉、米佐拉姆、阿萨姆和梅加拉亚邦的部落地区，因为这些地区被列入《宪法》的第6个附件。此外，根据1873年制定《孟加拉东部边境章程》，属于内部限制的地区也不在该法的范围之内。这样的话几乎整个阿鲁纳恰尔邦、米佐拉姆邦、曼尼普尔邦和那加兰邦被排除在法案执行范围之外。
NRC lix to the controversial Act
与争议法案有关的国民登记制度
Government''s stand on CAA
政府对《公民身份修正法案》的立场
The Centre has rejected the suggestions that the bill is anti-Muslim. Home minister Amit Shah has said the measure has the endorsement of 130 crore citizens of the country as it was the part of the BJP manifesto in 2014 as well as 2019 Lok Sabha elections.
中央政府否认了该法案反穆斯林的说法。印度内政部长阿米特·沙阿表示，这项措施得到了印度1.3亿公民的支持，这是2014年印度人民党宣言的一部分，也是2019年下议院选举的一部分。
The Act does not discriminate against anyone and does not snatch anyone''s rights, Shah said. The home minister said under the Act, citizenship will be granted to refugees coming from the three countries after facing religious persecution there even without documents, including ration cards.
This bill is not even .001 per cent against Muslims. It is against infiltrators, the home minister has reiterated.
该法案没有歧视任何人，没有剥夺任何人的权利，内政部长表示，根据该法案，来自这三个国家面临宗教迫害的难民，即使没有包括配给卡在内的文件，也可以获得印度公民身份。
该项提案对穆斯林的反对率甚至不到0.01%。内政部长重申，该项法案主要针对渗透者的。
Bill passes Lok Sabha test
下议院通过了提案
On December 9, the Lok Sabha passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill after a seven-hour-long debate with 334-106 votes.
12月9日，下议院经过7个小时的辩论，以334票对106票的结果通过了《公民身份(修正)提案》。
Bill Passed in Rajya Sabha
上议院通过了议案
On December 11, the Rajya Sabha approved the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, thus completing the legislative procedure for giving Indian citizenship to non-Muslims migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Bill was passed with 125-105 votes.
12月11日，上议院通过了《公民身份(修正)提案》，从而完成了向来自巴基斯坦、阿富汗和孟加拉国的非穆斯林移民授予印度公民身份的立法程序。该提案以125票赞成，105票反对获得通过。
Bill gets President''s assent
总统批准提案
On December 12, President Ram Nath Kovind gave his assent to the Bill, turning into an Act
12月12日，拉姆·纳特·科温德总统批准了该提案，该提案正式成为法案。
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Chowki Dar
The CAA also is a good step not only for the saftery of those who are in India, but also the future of India. The congress and some states are opposing this act cause it will become difficult for them in future elections on which they have been getting illegal votes. Mamta B. Gandhi''s, Kerala; Delhi, now Maharashtra(sic) dirty politics with no ethics or morals.
《公民身份(修正)法案》不仅是保障那些生活在印度的人的安全，而且还是保障未来印度安全的很好的举措。国大党和一些邦反对这项法案，因为在未来的选举中他们将很难获得非法选票。玛姆塔·B·甘地的喀拉拉邦，德里，现在的马哈拉施特拉邦都有肮脏的政治目的，没有伦理和道德。
Desh Premi
It is the congress and media who is fuelling these antinational activities.
是国大党和媒体助长了这些反国家的活动。
Kabir
As India''s stature grows it needs strong laws to protect itself from illegal immigrants. Don''t we all know how many illegal Bangladeshi immigrants are all over India? The protests need to stop, and people should understand the humanitarian reason for this law. Of course Muslims from Islamic countries cannot immigrate to India. That would defeat the purpose of establishing these 3 Islamic nations around India.
随着印度地位的提高，它需要强有力的法律来保护自己免受非法移民的侵害。难道我们不知道印度有多少非法孟加拉移民吗?必须停止抗议，人们应该理解这项法律的人道主义原因。当然，来自伊斯兰国家的穆斯林无法移民印度。这将破坏印度周围建立这三个伊斯兰国家的目的。
For the first time in many decades there is a government at the centre that places the country''s interest first, and takes bold decisions. I hope next the BJP takes steps to address the exploding population in India. The quality of life is decreasing at a rapid rate in India due to the ever exploding population growth.
几十年来第一次有一个把国家利益放在首位的中央政府，并且做出了大胆的决策。我希望人民党下一步能采取措施解决印度人口爆炸的问题。由于人口的爆炸性增长，印度的生活质量正在迅速下降。
Shailaja Veernarayan
Can''t understand why the protest. I think these protestors who claim to be students don''t have simple common sense to understand this act. Congress and other parties want muslims to be included appeasement of minorities in their blood. How long india is to suffer for their vote bank. No common sene prevails in Congress and other similar agenda parties which trickles down to students sense of understanding . These students are mature enough to think to vote ,marry etc but are not intelligent eno
我不明白为什么要抗议。我认为这些自称学生的抗议者没有简单的常识，根本无法理解这个法案。国大党和其他党派从骨子里希望对少数民族的绥靖政策能把穆斯林包含进来。他们的这些票仓，印度还要忍多久。国大党和其他类似参加议程的政党根本就没有常识，理解能力跟学生差不多。这些学生成熟了，可以考虑投票、可以结婚等，可是却还不够聪明。
Amit
CONg did a BIG FRAUD against Hindus. Had they been in power for another term then Hindus would have lost all hopes for future gen. God sent Modi to rescue India and Hindus.
国大党完全欺骗了印度人。如果他们再干一届，印度人就会对未来失去所有希望，上帝派莫迪来拯救印度和印度人。
Bambino Bomb
This is a good act for our future generation. I support this act and I support Delhi police.
这个法案对我们的后代来说是好事。我支持这项法案，我也支持德里警方。
Maths wizardry infinite
I support this Act. I''m not a bhakt. Everything BJP does is not sinister. Pakistan was created for Muslims. Existing Muslims of India have not been asked to leave. As for people of North East they will always be ungrateful. They are OK to migrate and work elsewhere in India but don''t want anyone in their areas. Cheap people. Modi sir you dont succumb. A tall leader never succumbs.
我支持这项法案。我不是莫迪的白痴粉丝。人民党所做的一切都不是邪恶的。巴基斯坦就是为穆斯林而生的。我们没有要求印度的穆斯林离开印度。至于东北人，他们一直都忘恩负义。他们可以移民，也可以到印度其他地方去工作，但不希望任何人进入他们的地区。一群贱人。莫迪先生，你不会屈服的。伟大的领导者从不屈服。
Gaana User
Why Jamia University allowed students to protest. Parents send students to study. Take action against top management of University . Arrest immediately officials of University. They should have closed University Saturday itself when protest started Friday night.. Then this violence could have avoided.
为什么贾米亚大学允许学生抗议。父母送你们是去学习的。马上对大学高层采取行动。立即逮捕大学里当官的。周五晚上抗议开始，周六他们就应该关闭大学。这样的话就可以避免暴力了。
Suresh Datta
I wonder when are the cases against Rahul and Sonia Gandhi coming up for hearing. They need to be put in jail for life. Just look at the peace in J&K since the Abdullahs and the Muftis have been put under house arrest.
我想知道拉胡尔和索尼娅·甘地的案子什么时候开庭。他们应该被判终身监禁。看看自从阿卜杜拉和穆夫提被软禁后，查谟克什米尔多么平静就知道了。
B Indian
I fully support and agree with CAA.
Colleges are a place to study, not to protest and create a ruckus. These people got bored of tck tock and need some new distraction. Most of them dont even Know CAA properly cos they havent developed the atitude nor the maturity to understand what is good for our country.
Copper
I want my country a Hindu Country
我希望我们国家是印度教国家
SuryaGurugram
Government is right.
印度政府做的没错。
Shilpi Sahai
there is nothing in the law to protest. this is all staged by congress
在法律上没有什么好反对的。这一切都是国大党安排的
vikram khanna
first lets throw bittttcccch italian out of india
首先把意大利贱人赶出印度。