中国富裕人口数量首次超过美国
There are more wealthy Chinese than Americans for the first time
译文简介
瑞士信贷的一份新报告显示，中国的财富正在增加，目前中国有1亿人进入了全球财富排行的前10%。同一类别的美国人有9900万。
正文翻译
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：s555555555 转载请注明出处
For the first time, there are more rich Chinese than Americans in the top 10%.
世界上前10%的富人中，中国人的数量首次超过了美国人。
A new report from Credit Suisse (CS) shows that wealth in China is ticking up, and the country now accounts for 100 million of the richest 10% of people in the world. There are 99 million Americans in the same category.
瑞士信贷的一份新报告显示，中国的财富正在增加，目前中国有1亿人进入了全球财富排行的前10%。同一类别的美国人有9900万。
瑞士信贷的一份新报告显示，中国的财富正在增加，目前中国有1亿人进入了全球财富排行的前10%。同一类别的美国人有9900万。
The United States still has many more millionaires — 18.6 million, or 40% of the world''''s total, versus 4.4 million in China. It''''s also adding to the millionaire count at a faster clip. The report credits low interest rates and Republican tax cuts for the country''''s 11th consecutive year of rising wealth.
但美国的百万富翁人数仍然要多得多，为1860万，占全球百万富翁总数的40%，而中国的百万富翁为440万。百万富翁的人数也在以更快的速度增加。报告将美国连续11年的财富增长归功于低利率和共和党的减税政策。
但美国的百万富翁人数仍然要多得多，为1860万，占全球百万富翁总数的40%，而中国的百万富翁为440万。百万富翁的人数也在以更快的速度增加。报告将美国连续11年的财富增长归功于低利率和共和党的减税政策。
The average American is also still much richer than their Chinese counterparts, with US wealth per adult at $432,365 compared with $58,544 in China.
美国人的平均财富仍远高于中国，美国成年人的人均财富为432,365美元，而中国为58,544美元。
美国人的平均财富仍远高于中国，美国成年人的人均财富为432,365美元，而中国为58,544美元。
But China holds claim to a growing piece of the pie, replacing Europe as the principal engine of global wealth growth. That''''s in spite of the trade war that''''s weighing on the nation''''s economy.
但中国在全球财富增长中占有越来越大的份额，取代欧洲成为全球财富增长的主要引擎。尽管贸易战给中国经济带来了压力。
但中国在全球财富增长中占有越来越大的份额，取代欧洲成为全球财富增长的主要引擎。尽管贸易战给中国经济带来了压力。
"Trade conditions and debt levels are causing concern, but signs for the coming years are otherwise fairly positive," Credit Suisse observed in its annual Global Wealth Report.
瑞士信贷在其年度《全球财富报告》中指出:“贸易状况和债务水平令人担忧，但未来几年在其他方面的前景相当积极。”
瑞士信贷在其年度《全球财富报告》中指出:“贸易状况和债务水平令人担忧，但未来几年在其他方面的前景相当积极。”
The report highlights the extent to which global wealth is concentrated at the very top. The bottom 50% of adults account for less than 1% of total wealth, while the top 10% own 82%. The top 1% alone owns almost half of all global assets, according to Credit Suisse.
报告强调了全球财富集中在最顶层的程度。底层50%的成年人拥有的财富不到总财富的1%，而顶层10%的人拥有的财富却高达82%。瑞士信贷的数据显示，全球最富有的1%人群所拥有的资产几乎占全球总资产的一半。
报告强调了全球财富集中在最顶层的程度。底层50%的成年人拥有的财富不到总财富的1%，而顶层10%的人拥有的财富却高达82%。瑞士信贷的数据显示，全球最富有的1%人群所拥有的资产几乎占全球总资产的一半。
The threshold to make it into the top 10%, globally, is roughly $109,400 in net assets. To be in the top 1%, you''''d need just above $936,400.
进入全球前10%的门槛大约是净资产109400美元。要跻身前1%，你需要936400美元以上。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
进入全球前10%的门槛大约是净资产109400美元。要跻身前1%，你需要936400美元以上。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Still, the picture of wealth inequality since the 2008 financial crisis is complicated. While artificially low interest rates and bond-buying programs from central banks led to a boom in asset prices, raising the share of the top 1% of wealth holders, inequality "continued to decline for those below" that segment, Credit Suisse notes.
尽管如此，自2008年金融危机以来，财富不平等的情况仍然很复杂。瑞士信贷指出，虽然人为的低利率和央行的债券购买计划导致了资产价格的上涨，提高了1%最富有的富人所拥有的财富，但收入低于这部分人的不平等程度在“继续下降”。
尽管如此，自2008年金融危机以来，财富不平等的情况仍然很复杂。瑞士信贷指出，虽然人为的低利率和央行的债券购买计划导致了资产价格的上涨，提高了1%最富有的富人所拥有的财富，但收入低于这部分人的不平等程度在“继续下降”。
The share held by the bottom 90% now accounts for 18% of global wealth, up from 11% in 2000. Since 2016, the share held by the top 1% has broadly eased back, per the bank.
底层90%的人持有的财富占全球财富的比例从2000年的11%上升到现在的18%。自2016年以来，按照该机构的说法，最富有的1%人群所拥有的财富份额已大幅下降。
底层90%的人持有的财富占全球财富的比例从2000年的11%上升到现在的18%。自2016年以来，按照该机构的说法，最富有的1%人群所拥有的财富份额已大幅下降。
"While it is too early to say that wealth inequality is now in a downward phase, the prevailing evidence suggests that 2016 may have been the peak for the foreseeable future," the report''''s authors write.
报告作者写道:“虽然现在说财富不平等正处于下降阶段还为时过早，但通过数据分析预测，2016年可能已经是不平等的顶峰了。”
报告作者写道:“虽然现在说财富不平等正处于下降阶段还为时过早，但通过数据分析预测，2016年可能已经是不平等的顶峰了。”
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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Key difference: you can''''t transfer large sums of money out of China without being very connected to the government.
China can only artificially control the value of their currency if they control how it interacts with the rest of the world.
......
只要中国能够控制自己货币与世界其他国家的流通，那么它就能够人为地控制其货币的汇率。
Even when you estimate by real economic output, China has seen a real and sustained rise.
People tend to get way too hung up on capital controls and other monetary arrangements in these discussions. Remember, even the UK had exchange controls all the way from WWII until 1979. At the end of the day, there is a bunch of monetary arrangements with different pros and cons, but what matters is the real economy''''s ability to produce real goods and services.
即使按实际经济产出来估计，中国也实现了真正的、持续的增长。
在这些讨论中，人们往往对资本管制和其他货币调整手段过于着迷。记住，从二战到1979年，强如英国都在一直实行着外汇管制。总而言之，货币调整手段多种多样各有利弊，但真正重要的是实体经济生产出真实商品和服务的能力。
I don''''t think one can make strong statements one way or another. Sure, it''''s possible China''''s authoritarianism will stifle economic growth in the long run. But then again, China seems better placed than many other nominally democratic developing countries to escape the middle income trap. It''''s already on the technological frontier in a bunch of industries.
It''''s worth noting that East Asian political/economic systems all tend to be quite "authoritarian" in Western eyes. Japan, which is democratic, likewise used a lot of industrial policy and other forms of state intervention during its economic rise, and it managed to become an advanced economy.
不管用怎样的方式我认为只单单一个人是不能发出强有力令人折服的言论的。当然，从长远来看，中国的XX主义可能会扼杀经济增长。但话说回来，中国似乎比其他许多名义上自由民主的发展中国家更容易摆脱中等收入陷阱。中国现在已经在很多行业上处于技术前沿。
值得注意的是，在西方眼中，东亚的政治/经济体系都倾向于相当“专制”。日本是一个民主国家，在经济崛起的过程中，也采取了大量的工业政策和其他形式的国家干预，并成功地成为了一个发达经济体。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Seems like they have a massive advantage.
American money pours out into other countries all the time.
这对中国是个很大的优势啊。美国的钱天天往外国倒。
What you see as a bug is actually a significant feature. Other comment said it well, but the largest factor of American power abroad is the Dollar''''s standing as the primary reserve currency.
你所看到的这个问题实际上是美国的一大特性。其他评论说得很好，但美国在海外影响力这么大的最大因素是美元作为主要储备货币的地位。
America is at the center of a global financial system. It and other countries integrated into it have lots of capital flows in and out. For every US dollar that''''s invested abroad there is a foreign dollar invested in America.
美国处于全球金融体系的中心。它和其他融入其中的国家有大量的资本流入和流出。每投资1美元，就有1美元投资于美国。
Pretty sure more money comes into America than leaves by the nature of being the reserve currency.
作为储备货币，流入美国的钱肯定比流出的多。
Thats a tremendous advantage for America. You think that outflow doesnt yield anything for the US?
这对美国来说是一个巨大的优势。你认为资本外流对美国没有任何好处吗?
And they are all headed to Vancouver and California.
这些富人都跑去温哥华和加利佛尼亚炒房了
You will find them any where housing prices make your eyes water.
当一个地方的房价蹭蹭蹭地往上涨的时候你就能发现这些人的身影了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
They stopped going to Vancouver after Canada was smart enough to bring in a estate tax by foreign investors and fines for having empty residences.
Now they flooded and inflated the Seattle market which was already ballooning thanks to the tech boom.
他们现在不去温哥华了，因为加拿大很聪明，规定了对外国投资者征收的遗产税，并对空置房处以罚款。
现在，这些人涌入并吹大了西雅图房地产市场的泡沫，由于科技的繁荣，这个市场本来就有泡沫了。
Two things to consider:
One third of all Americans are in that top 10%. One third. Only 8% of the chinese population is in the same top 10%.
The chinese also outnumber Americans by a factor of four. The percentage of Americans, in the top 10%, is four times greater than the same percentage of the Chinese population.
有两件事蛮有趣的:
三分之一的美国人属于前10%。三分之一可是33%。而只有8%的中国人口属于前10%。
巧的是中国的人口数量是美国人的四倍。而33%恰好是8%的四倍。
Considering America''''s century-long head start in industrialization and other geographical resource advantages, it''''s actually quite remarkable how much wealth the Chinese managed to accumulate in just a few decades.
Actually, this crude national comparison between the US and China isn''''t the most interesting (and debatable) part of the Credit Suisse report.
More strikingly, the report has the number of high net worth people exploding in a really short period of time. Supposedly, the number of millionaires in the US more than doubled from 2010 to 2019, from 7.4M to 18.6M. The number in China went from 0.38M to 4.4M! Even accounting for the effects of the recovery from the global financial crisis, this amount of volatility seems surprising.
考虑到美国在工业化和其他地理资源优势上的百年领先优势，中国人在短短几十年里积累了如此多的财富，实在令人惊叹。
实际上，瑞士信贷报告中最有趣(也最有争议)的部分并不是美国和中国之间这种粗略的全国性比较。
更引人注目的是，该报告显示，高资产净值人群的数量在很短的时间内就暴增。据推测，从2010年到2019年，美国百万富翁的数量增加了一倍多，从740万增至1860万。中国的这一数字从38万上升到440万！即便考虑到全球金融危机后复苏的影响，如此巨大的波动似乎也令人吃惊。
I live in Shanghai.
It isn''''t unheard of for the children of factory workers to rise up to be millionaires. Upward mobility is a thing.
我住在上海。
工厂工人的孩子长大后成为百万富翁，这并非闻所未闻。向上流动是正常的。
They can thank Nixon.
他们可以谢谢尼克松。
Because the innovation is a huge cost. Because the US is effectively subsidizing innovation at minimal cost for them.
因为创新是非常花钱的。因为美国某种程度上帮助了中国以最小的成本去创新。
You mean the 5G tech that the US doesn''''t have? or maybe
or China''''s quantum satellite that the US doesn''''t have.
or China Plans to Launch Space-Based Solar Power Satellite, that the US doesn''''t have.
or the Thorium reactors that the US doesn''''t have.
China''''s AI push is leaving the US tech industry behind and it''''s even created more wealthy Chinese than the US has people.
你是说美国没有的5G技术?
还是说美国没有的中国量子卫星。
或者是中国计划发射美国没有的太阳能发电卫星。
又或者是美国没有的钍反应堆。
中国的人工智能发展正在把美国科技产业甩在身后，它创造的中国富人甚至比美国人还多。
China needed help with that quantum satellite. The science is down pat for thorium. It is just not need in the US because of cheap gas while China doesn''''t want to rely on foreign oil for it''''s energy needs. China still has not built the reactors to my knowledge so that is up in the air. Same with the space-based solar satellite so I am not sure why the comparison to the US was made. They both don''''t have one. US private tech companies are still in the lead when it comes to AI from what I have seen but China is making good progress with it''''s state push.
It would be wrong to say that China does not innovate in some ways, but there is reason they still commit the most economic espionage of any country. They can''''t innovate in many ways without foreign help or spying.
中国的量子卫星需要帮助。美国科学家已经研究出了钍反应堆。但是美国不需要，因为天然气便宜，而中国不希望依赖外国石油来满足能源需求。据我所知，中国还没有建造钍反应堆，所以这还是个未知数。太阳能发电卫星也一样还没造出来，所以我不懂为什么要把它和美国作比较。有都没有呢。就我所见，美国私人科技公司在人工智能方面仍处于领先地位，但中国人工智能在政府推动下正取得良好进展。
如果说中国在某些方面没有创新，那就错了，但有理由相信，中国仍是世界上从事经济.....最多的国家。没有外国的帮助和XX行为，他们在很多方面都没有创新。