唐太宗李世民的一生

Markus Borkmann
Interesting bulletins about Taizong's life:
He was able to persuade most of his enemies to work for him. Many of the most important Tang inner cabinet were former generals, and princes who had once opposed him. Four of his best generals, Li Jing, Li Shiji, Qin Shubao, and Yuchi Gong had all once fought for rulers that directly opposed the Tang. Each of them was either defeated and pardoned by Li Shimin, or was persuaded by his charisma to join the Tang cause. Because of this marked appreciation for such men of talents, these once doomed men (one was literally pardoned from right below a headsman by Li Shimin's intercession) would become the founding fathers and pillars of the Tang state: Two of them would become deified as Door Gods and still venerated today, and the other two would each be instrumental in taking down a powerful rival empire. Li Jing the Gokturks and Li Shiji the Xueyantao and also the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo.

关于太宗生活的有趣简报：
他能说服大多数敌人为他工作。唐朝最重要的内阁成员中有许多是前朝将领和曾经反对过他的王爵。他最优秀的四位将军，李靖、李世??、秦书宝和尉迟恭，都曾为直接反对唐朝的统治者而战。他们每一个人要么被李世民打败赦免，要么被他的魅力说服加入唐朝事业。由于对这些才华横溢的人的明显赞赏，这些曾经注定要死的人(其中一人被李世民从首脑的屠刀下救了出来)将成为唐朝的开国元勋和支柱：他们中的两人将成为神化的门神，今天仍受到尊敬，另外两个将在各自摧毁一个强大的帝国的方面发挥重要作用。李靖灭突厥帝国，李世勣灭薛延陀汗国，以及对朝鲜的高句丽的战争。
（译注：李靖，公爵，称魏国公，在刑场上差点被杀掉，但是在李世民的请求下，李渊赦免了李靖。）
（译注：李世勣，公爵，称徐茂公，李勣（jì）（594年－669年），原名徐世勣、李世勣，字懋功，曹州离狐（今山东省菏泽市东明县）人。唐朝初年名将，与卫国公李靖并称。）

His chief Councillors- the Chancellor of Taizong's dynasty was a former enemy: as covered in this video Wei Zheng was a close adviser to his brother and in the desperate ramp up to their open violence suggested acting decisively against Taizong by killing him. Despite this, Taizong also recognized that Wei Zheng is a very honest man who is straightforward in all councils. Thus Taizong did the unthinkeable and not only pardoned him but also made him a Chancellor. Wei Zheng eventually proved to one of the dynasty's best, his critique to Taizong was always harsh and direct, but also provided much long term wisdom. The last part of the video, where Taizong proclaimed that: "With a bronze mirror, one can see whether he is properly attired; with history as a mirror, one can understand the rise and fall of a nation; with men as a mirror, one can see whether he is right or wrong." is directly said in honor of Wei Zheng upon his death, the full quote ends with the following: "Now I've lost my faithful mirror by the death of Wei Zheng."

他的重要议员——太宗王朝的财政大臣——是一个昔日的敌人：正如这段视频中所报道的，魏征是他兄弟的亲密顾问（谋士），在他们公开暴力的绝望中，他建议果断地对太宗采取行动，既杀死他。尽管如此，太宗也承认魏征是一个非常诚实的人，在所有的议会中都是直言不讳的。这样，太宗做了一件不可思议的事，不仅赦免了他，而且使他成为了议长（丞相）。魏政最终证明了他对太宗的批判是最优秀的，他对太宗的批判总是严厉而直接的，同时也提供了许多长期的智慧。在视频的最后一部分，太宗宣称：“有了一面铜镜，你就可以看出自己的衣着是否得体；以历史为镜，我们可以了解一个国家的兴衰；以人为镜，我们可以看出自己是对是错。”正是为纪念魏征的逝世，全文以如下语录结尾：“如今，我因魏征的死而失去了我忠实的一面镜子。”

Two of his great allies were also princes who once fought him. Ashina Simo (Qilibi Khan), and Qibi Heli were both great princes of the Eastern Gokturks. Taizong eventually became sworn brothers to Ashima Simo and supported his rule among the Gokturks. During Taizong's latter battles in Korea, Ashina Simo was injured by an arrow, and it was said that Emperor Taizong personally sucked the poisoned pus out of his wound, which greatly inspired the assembled soldiers. So rare in history is an administration at the peak performance staffed by so many former rivals of an empire, perhaps rarer still was a person who was able to command such service from each of those able men.

他的两个伟大盟友也是曾经与他为敌的亲王。俟力苾可汗(Qilibi Khan)和契苾何力(Chibi Heli)都是东突厥人的伟大王子。太宗最终成为阿史那思摩(Ashima Simo)的宣誓兄弟，支持他在东突厥人中的统治。在后来的朝鲜战争中，阿史那思摩被一支箭射伤，据说太宗皇帝亲自从伤口上吸出中毒的脓液，极大地鼓舞了集结的士兵。在历史上，有这么多帝国的前竞争对手组成的政府，在历史上是如此罕见，或许更罕见的是，也许更稀罕的是一个能够人尽其才。
（译注：俟力苾可汗：阿史那思摩（583―647年），阴山人。唐朝时期将领，东突厥贵族，伊利可汗曾孙。贞观四年（630年），大将军李靖统军攻打东突厥汗国，颉利可汗兵败，同遭唐军俘虏。唐太宗李世民赏识阿史那思摩忠心，以为右武候大将军、化州都督，封为怀化郡王。 639年,唐太宗试图恢复东突厥,拥立俟力苾可汗阿史那思摩,以抗衡薛延陀的崛起,，观十七年（643年），迁右武卫大将军。随从唐太宗东征高句丽，身中流矢击中。贞观二十一年，死于长安，追赠使持节、兵部尚书、夏州都督，陪葬于昭陵，筑坟像白道山，将其功劳刻碑立于化州。）
(译注：契苾何力（？－677年），铁勒族契苾部人，契苾氏，名何力，唐朝名将。契苾何力本是铁勒可汗，后率部归顺唐朝，授任左领军将军。贞观九年（635年），随军大败吐谷浑，因功娶临洮县主为妻。贞观十四年（640年），跟随侯君集消灭高昌国。贞观二十二年（648年），跟随阿史那社尔打败龟兹，俘虏龟兹王诃黎布失毕。后因攻打西突厥之功，升任左骁卫大将军，封郕国公。此后多次率军击败高句丽。龙朔二年（662年），安抚铁勒九姓叛乱。
乾封元年（666年），契苾何力奉命讨伐高句丽，攻克高句丽七城（一作八城）。总章元年（668年），与李勣攻克大行、振辱夷二城，直抵平壤城下，擒获高句丽国王，灭亡高句丽。契苾何力因功升任镇军大将军等，改封凉国公。仪凤二年（677年），契苾何力病逝，追赠辅国大将军、并州大都督，陪葬昭陵，谥号烈（一作毅）。）

Yi Jiun
He was legendary, to both the Japanese and Chinese, who count the Han and Tang among the greatest empires throughout history.
The Tang empire is widely believed to have given Japan its name, leaving an enduring impact on what most identify as Japanese culture, including literature, customs, traditions, and the arts.

对于日本人和中国人来说，他都是传奇人物，他们认为汉唐是历史上最伟大的帝国之一。人们普遍认为，唐朝给了日本名字，对大多数人认为是日本文化的东西，包括文学、习俗、传统和艺术，留下了持久的影响。

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make
I need a series about Korea's Three Kingdoms. Please make it happen

我需要一个关于韩国三国的系列视频。请做出来吧

Chi Zhang
I am actually curious about how modern Korean view Silla? Do you guys think it's a heroic nation that unite the majority of the peninsula or an ethnic traitor that allied Tang to annex its rivals? Or a mixed feeling?

我其实很好奇现代韩国人怎么看新罗，你们认为这是一个团结半岛大部分地区的英雄国家，还是一个与唐朝结盟并吞对手的民族叛徒？还是一种混合（两者都有）的感觉？

make
I'll answer based on my opinion. Greek city states fought each others for years, even though they were all Greek, and on year 413 Spartans made an alliance with Persia against Athens in order to destroy them. In modern Greece we don't believe that Spartans are "traitors" based on what they did so many years ago. So i think it's the same with the Koreans. The Greek city states were only a mere example. I believe there are plenty similar examples where kingdoms allied with foreign enemy forces to overthrow one of "their kind/their race" enemies.

@CHI Zhang我会根据我的意见回答。希腊城邦相互争斗了多年，尽管他们都是希腊人，并且在413年斯巴达人与波斯人结盟对抗雅典，以摧毁他们。在现代希腊，我们不会根据他们很久以前做过的事情，来说他们是叛徒。所以我想韩国人也是一样的。希腊城邦只是一个例子。我相信，有许多类似的例子，王国与外国敌人结盟，推翻“他们的同类/种族”敌人之一。

Chi Zhang
OK, thanks for your explanation through the analogy here. I get your point.

@koma Gr，好的，谢谢你通过这个类比的解释。我明白你的意思。

???
I agree with the view of KoMa Gr on my personal level, but I think it's necessary to let you know the real situation in my country. Most Koreans still miss the mighty dynasty Goguryeo which occupied the wide land of Manchuria as part of its territory, and resent Silla for having helped Tang to overthrow it. In fact, for more than 1,300 years since the collapse of Goguryeo, Koreans did not blame Silla like this. But as you know, Korea suffered from the imperialism, especially of Japan in 20th century, and that's the ground nationalism arose upon, just like in many other countries of Asia. At the view of nationalism, Silla began to be regarded as a betrayer of Korean people because they asked and helped foreign army to attack another Korean dynasty. Today in the 21st century, many Koreans get more rational and understand the statue of Silla at that time. However most of us still prefer Goguryeo to Silla much more, and it's same to me. The answer to your question might be No.3, "mixed feeling". Hope you got some useful information.

@chi Zhang，我个人同意Koma Gr的观点，但我认为有必要让你知道我国的真实情况。大多数韩国人仍然怀念强大的高句丽王朝，这个王朝占领了满洲广阔的土地，作为其领土的一部分，并对新罗帮助唐朝推翻它感到不满。事实上，自从高句丽垮台以来的1300多年里，韩国人并没有像这样指责新罗。但正如你们所知，朝鲜遭受帝国主义的打击，特别是20世纪的日本，这就是民族主义兴起的原因，就像在亚洲其他许多国家一样。从民族主义的角度来看，新罗开始被视为朝鲜人民的背叛者，因为他们要求并帮助外国军队攻击另一个朝鲜王朝。在21世纪的今天，许多韩国人变得更加理性，了解了当时的新罗雕像。然而，我们大多数人还是更喜欢高句丽而不是新罗，这对我来说也是一样的。你问题的答案可能是三个“混合感觉”。希望你能得到一些有用的信息。

Chi Zhang
Ok, your answer well-explained feelings and view of modern Korean, especially opinions of nationalists. Well, according to the view of Chinese historians, Silla, Baekje, and Gaje were regarded as the three Korean kingdoms. (Just like our Han, Tang, Song, Ming dynasty, ruled by Han Chinese and occupied Chinese territory.) We generally don't view Gorguyeo as a sole Korean kingdom, but rather a mixed kingdom or nomadic kingdom depending on a particular person. Frankly speaking, I think the case of Goguryeo was more similar to Qing dynasty, in which nomadic groups from Manchuria occupied territories of ethnic Han/Korean but gradually assimilated to the local community and adopted the title as master of the local group. If I were in the same position of Taizong, I probably would ally Silla too since Liaodong peninsula was Chinese territory back in Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms before it defected to Gorguyeo, Still, your view is very honest and understandable as Silla-Tang alliance surely means the defeat of Gorguyeo or the shrink of Korean's sphere of influence.

@???，好的，你的回答很好地解释了现代韩国人的感受和观点，尤其是民族主义者的观点。那么根据中国史学家的观点，新罗、百济、伽倻都被认为是朝鲜的三国演义。(就像我们的汉、唐、宋、明王朝一样，由汉人统治，占领了中国领土。)我们一般不认为高句丽视为一个单一的朝鲜王国，而是一个混合王国或游牧王国，这取决于特定的人。坦率地说，我认为高句丽的情况与清朝比较相似，当时满洲的游牧民族占领了汉族/朝鲜族的领土，但逐渐被当地社区同化，并采取了作为当地群体的主人的称号。如果我和太宗一样，我可能也会和新罗结盟，因为辽东半岛早在汉代就已经是中国的领土了，三国演义之前就被高句丽攻陷了，但你的观点还是很诚实和可以理解的，因为新罗-唐联盟必然意味着高句丽的失败或韩国势力范围的缩小。
（译注：伽倻（公元42—532年），古称加耶、伽耶 （朝鲜语：??），是位于朝鲜半岛南部洛东江流域由弁韩发展起来的一个联盟国家，由许多小的城邦组成，吸收了少部分马韩人，伽倻的开国始祖为弁韩人金首露，现在的韩国有六百万金海金氏和金海许氏为古代伽倻国的遗民，他们认同伽倻国王金首露为自己的始祖。伽倻于公元562年被朝鲜半岛三国之一的新罗所吸收。）

???
First, I appreciate for your kind explanation of your opinion as well as general view in your country.
Let me point out just one fact, which I’m worried if you got misinformed about from my comment. The strength of emotion when reminded of Goguryeo’s fall may differ depending on the person as I implied. However, when it comes to the question which dynasties are in “Three Kingdom’s era” of Korea, every single person in Korea(regardless of South or North) thinks of Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla no matter he or she is a nationalist or not. No one has any issue with that. Gaya was a loose unx of 6 small local political groups, hard to be compared to other centralized kingdoms above. Frankly speaking, I got astonished to hear the general view of yours about the members of Three Korean Kingdoms.
Well, we know that since the last century, there has been a heated debate between the two countries over the nature of Koguryo. Unfortunately, most of the arguments do not seem to be so rational or academic, but emotional. Heartfelt and political. I don't believe we can reach a perfect opinion on YouTube. I'm just understanding and satisfied with what you think of us. As a matter of fact, I wrote a lot of words below, but I decided to dexe them.)
???

@chi Zhang首先，我感谢你对你的观点以及贵国的总体看法所作的友好解释。
让我指出一个事实，我担心是，你从我的评论中得到错误的信息。当我想起高句丽的陨落时，情感的力量可能因我所暗示的人而不同。然而，在朝鲜“三国时代”的朝代问题上，韩国的每一个人(不论南北方)都会想到高句丽、百济、新罗，无论他或她是民族主义者还是非民族主义者。没有人对此有异议。伽倻是由6个小地方政治团体组成的松散联盟，很难与上面其他中央集权的王国相比。坦率地说，听到你们对三国成员的普遍看法，我大吃一惊。
嗯，我们知道，自从上个世纪以来，两国之间围绕高句丽的性质一直存在激烈的争论，不幸的是，大多数的争论似乎不是那么理性或学术性的，而是情绪化的，违心的和政治上的。我不相信我们能在YouTube上达成完美的意见，我只是对你对我们的看法表示理解感，并满意。(事实上，我在下面写下了很长的文字，但我决定把它们删除。)
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Ben Louis
Not really. Qin huang di was greatest emperor.
He unified 6 states, systematically standardised from language, units etc
Ruthless he was but he was extremely good at value talented people, that make him great
Short live his ruling was, undeniable path the future of China.
Else china will be like India or Europe.

不是真的。秦始皇才是最伟大的皇帝。
他统一了6个国家，从语言、度量衡等方面进行了系统的标准化
他很无情，但他非常善于评估有才华的人，这使他伟大
他的统治是中国的未来，这是不可否认的。
否则中国会像印度或欧洲一样。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处